Pribnow box

The Pribnow box (also known as the Pribnow-Schaller box) is the sequence TATAAT of six nucleotides (thymine, adenine, thymine, etc.) that is an essential part of a promoter site on DNA for transcription to occur in bacteria.[1][2] It is an idealized or consensus sequence—that is, it shows the most frequently occurring base at each position in many promoters analyzed; individual promoters often vary from the consensus at one or more positions. It is also commonly called the -10 sequence, because it is centered roughly ten base pairs upstream from the site of initiation of transcription.

The Pribnow box has a function similar to the TATA box that occurs in promoters in eukaryotes and archaea: it is recognized and bound by a subunit of RNA polymerase during initiation of transcription.[3] This region of the DNA is also the first place where base pairs separate during prokaryotic transcription to allow access to the template strand. The AT-richness is important to allow this separation, since adenine and thymine are easier to break apart (not only due to fewer hydrogen bonds, but also due to weaker base stacking effects).[4]

It is named after David Pribnow and Heinz Schaller.[1][2]

Probability of occurrence of each nucleotide in E. coli
TATAAT
82%89%52%59%49%89%
From Harley et al.:[5]
gollark: Shining bright or coherent things into eyes makes me nervous.
gollark: Lasers are just very focused light, utter bee.
gollark: Lasers are very dangerous because they get focused onto a small spot on the eye, and all that.
gollark: Well, yes, but directly doing things to eyes sounds possibly eye-damaging.
gollark: Troubling.

See also

References
  1. Pribnow, David (March 1975). "Nucleotide sequence of an RNA polymerase binding site at an early T7 promoter". PNAS. 72 (3): 784–788. doi:10.1073/pnas.72.3.784. ISSN 1091-6490. PMC 432404. PMID 1093168.
  2. Schaller, Heinz; Gray, Christopher; Herrman, Karin (February 1975). "Nucleotide sequence of an RNA polymerase binding site from the DNA of Bacteriophage fd". PNAS. 72 (2): 737–741. doi:10.1073/pnas.72.2.737. ISSN 1091-6490. PMC 432391. PMID 1054851.
  3. Feklistov, Andrey; Darst, Seth (2011). "Structural Basis for Promoter −10 Element Recognition by the Bacterial RNA Polymerase σ Subunit". Cell. 147 (6): 1257–69. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.10.041. PMC 3245737. PMID 22136875.
  4. Yakovchuk, Peter; Protozanova, Ekaterina; Frank-Kamenetskii, Maxim D. (January 2006). "Base-stacking and base-pairing contributions into thermal stability of the DNA double helix". Nucleic Acids Research. 34 (2): 564–574. doi:10.1093/nar/gkj454. ISSN 0305-1048. PMC 1360284. PMID 16449200.
  5. Harley, Calvin B.; Reynolds, Robert P. (March 1987). "Analysis of E. coli promoter sequences" (PDF, 0.9 MB). Nucleic Acids Research. 15 (5): 2343–2361. doi:10.1093/nar/15.5.2343. ISSN 0305-1048. PMC 340638. PMID 3550697.


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