Port of Dar es Salaam

The Port of Dar es-Salaam is the principal port serving Tanzania.[7] The port is one of three ocean ports in the country and handles over 90% of the country's cargo traffic.[2] According to the International Association of Ports and Harbors, it is the fourth largest port on the African continent's Indian Ocean coastline after Durban, Mombasa and Maputo.[8] The port acts as a gateway for commerce and trade for Tanzania and numerous bordering landlocked states. For years the inefficiencies at the port has cost the regional economy millions of dollars; in 2012 the total global welfare loss caused by the inefficiencies of the port stood at US$1.8 billion for the Tanzanian economy and 830 million US dollars for the neighbouring countries.[9]

Port of Dar es-Salaam
An aerial view of The Port of Dar es Salaam during the day time.
Location of the Port of Dar es Salaam.
Location
Country	Tanzania
Location	Tanzania Port Authority Tower, 1 Nelson Mandela Road, Kurasini, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Coordinates	6°50′6.40″S 39°17′37.65″E
UN/LOCODE	TZDAR[1]
Details
Operated by	Tanzania Ports Authority
Owned by	Government of Tanzania
Type of harbor	Natural
Available berths	11[2]
Wharfs	4[2]
Employees	2,684(2012)[2]
Port Manager	(Seat Empty)[3]
Channel depth	12m[4]
Statistics
Vessel arrivals	1,518 (2016) [5]
Annual cargo tonnage	14.3 million (2016) [5]
Annual container volume	595,109 (2016) [5]
Value of cargo	US$ 15 billion[6]
Passenger traffic	1,614,831 (2016)[5]
Website Port authority website

History

Colonial period

Image of the Port of Dar es Salaam from the book Von Unseren Kolonien by Ottomar Beta in the year 1908

The Port of Dar es Salaam Lighthouse in south east of Kivukoni

The city of Dar es Salaam owes its existence to the port of Dar es salaam. The city began development in 1862 by the Sultan of Zanzibar Seyyid Majjid as an alternative port to the port of bagamoyo and zanzibar, however after his death the project was scrapped. It wasn't until the German East African Company began to rebuild the city in 1887. The Germans had already completed the Usambara railway from the Port of Tanga and began constructing the new Tanzanian Central Line from their new capital the port of Dar es Salaam.[10]
After World War I the British took over Tanganyika and maintained their capital in city. Economic activity continued through the early 20th century and through World War II centralized around the city and facilitated expansion of the port. After Tanganyika gained its independence the city retained its position as the commercial capital.[11]

Apartheid South Africa

Due to the Apartheid South Africa government many land locked South African countries such as Zambia, Zimbabwe and Malawi that relied on South African ports turned to the Port of Dar es salaam. This facilitated the construction of the TAZARA Railway, TANZAM highway and the Malawi corridor link.[12] The port provides a gateway for Zambian copper exports and Malawian tobacco exports, furthermore it provides a vital lifeline for fuel imports.

Present operations

An aerial view of The Dar es Salaam Port during the day time.

With the continually growing economies in the region the reliance of dar port increased drastically. The port saw an average of 10% annual growth of cargo traffic from 2003 onwards which complemented the rapid growth of the city of Dar es Salaam.[13]

Challenges facing the Port of Dar es Salaam 05 July 2018

The port has faced increased criticism of inefficiencies and corruption and has seen increased international pressure.

Reasons for constructive criticism

1. Geography The port provides an economic backbone for 4 of the 5 land locked countries that border Tanzania.

2. Rise in costs

The inefficiencies has increased the cost of business in the region and has given the government a chance to implement various expansions and outsourcing projects for the day-to-day running of the port.

Outcomes of successful mitigation of constructive criticism

This will showcase the government as an excellent care taker of the port for the last fifty seven years.[14]

Expansion

The port is currently being expanded at the cost of $421m.[15] The number of vehicles will rise by 268 percent upon completion of the port.[16]

In July 2020, a foundation stone was laid for the construction of an inland Port in Tanzania at the cost of $20m.[17] The construction will include building a 150m berth, which is all set for completion in 24 months. As of July 2020, 80 percent of the construction has been completed.[18]

Foreign cargo centers

A cargo crane at the Tanzania Ports Authority.

Country wise distribution of cargo (excluding Tanzania) through Dar-es-Salaam port (Imports + Exports 2015/16)[5]

  Zambia (37.47%)

  D. R. Congo (30.32%)

  Rwanda (17.39%)

  Burundi (7.27%)

  Uganda (3.23%)

  Malawi (2.21%)

  Other (2.11%)

35% of cargo moving through the port is foreign owned and Dar es-Salaam port facilitates countries that rely heavily on Dar es salaam port and gives them licenses to operate their own cargo centers. The foreign cargo centers help countries to process cargo from their respective countries to increase efficiency and reduce costs.[19]

MOFED Tanzania Limited

MOFED Tanzania limited is a Zambian Owned clearing and forwarding company. MOFED stands for the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development which in April 2001 replaced the defunct zamcargo.[20] The company is an entirely Zambian government owned organization and deals with the majority of Zambian Exports and Imports.[21] MOFED operates out of the Mukuba Depot, located in south Kurasini and has direct access to the TAZARA rail link.[19]

Malawi Cargo Center Limited

The Malawi Cargo Center was set up by the Government of Malawi in the early 1990s due to the closure of Beria and Nacala ports following the Mozambique Civil war.[22] The company has dedicated warehouses and operates dry ports in Dar es-Salaam and Mbeya. The MCCL's main revenue earner/cargo is fuel bound for Malawi. Fuel and goods are loaded onto wagons on the TAZARA bound for Mbeya and then trucked into Malawi through the Kyela Border.[23]

References

1. "UNLOCODE (TZ) - TANZANIA, UNITED REPUBLIC OF". service.unece.org. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
2. "Annual Statistics Report 2012 - 2013". Tanzania Port Authority. Tanzania Port Authority. Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 22 December 2015.
3. "Why TPA Bosses Were Sacked". AllAfrica. The Citizen. 8 December 2015. Retrieved 22 December 2015.
4. "Dar Port dockyard for dredging". Daily News (Tanzania). 5 December 2013. Retrieved 05-02-14. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
5. "Annual Report 2016" (PDF). www.ports.go.tz. Retrieved 14 March 2019.
6. "Tanzania Could Boost its Economy by Reforming the Port of Dar es Salaam - World Bank". World Bank. 21 May 2013. Retrieved 5 February 2014.
7. "Profile: Dar es Salaam Port". Tanzania Ports Authority. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 5 February 2014.
8. Jerving, Sara. "Tanzania to Upgrade Dar es Salaam Port to Compete With Mombasa". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 05-02-14. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
9. "Rwanda hails Dar on port swipe". Daily News Tanzania. Daily News Tanzania. Retrieved 22 December 2015.
10. "Port of Dar es Salaam". World Port Source. Retrieved 22 December 2015.
11. "The history of Dar es Salaam – Bandar-ul-Salaam". africaontheblog. Retrieved 22 December 2015.
12. Odén, Bertil (1 January 1993). Southern Africa After Apartheid: Regional Integration and External Resources. Nordic Africa Institute. p. 131. ISBN 9171063323.
13. Ashery, Mkama (6 March 2014). "Dar Port Tipped to Be Important Component of Economic Growth". All Africa. Tanzania Daily News. Retrieved 22 December 2015.
14. Ihucha, Adam (8 March 2014). "Tanzania losing billions through poor transport systems - AfDB". The East African. Retrieved 22 December 2015.
15. "DAR PORT EXPANSION SAID TO BE MAKING PROGRESS". Daily News. March 19, 2019.
16. "Tanzania Ports Authority car handling capacity to rise 270pc". The Citizen. September 16, 2019.
17. "TANZANIAN PORT CONSTRUCTION BEGINS". Port Strategy. July 8, 2020.
18. "Feature: Chinese firm's upgrade of Tanzania's largest port set to bolster handling capacity". Xinhua. July 13, 2020.
19. "Cargo Centers". Tanzania Ports. Tanzania Port Authority. Retrieved 22 December 2015.
20. "Zambia loosing revenue – Envoy". ZNBC. Zambia National Broadcasting Center. 5 November 2015. Retrieved 22 December 2015.
21. "MOFED - About Us". mofed.co.tz. Retrieved 22 December 2015.
22. "VP Kachali visits the Malawi Cargo Centre in Tanzania". Nyasa Times. Nyasa Times. 7 December 2012. Retrieved 22 December 2015.
23. "Malawi Cargo Center Limited - Home". Malawi Cargo Center Limited. Retrieved 22 December 2015.

External links

• Opening the Gates: How the port of Dar es Salaam Can Transform Tanzania