Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid

Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, sodium salt
Clinical data
ATC code	L03AX07 (WHO) ;
Identifiers
	IUPAC name poly[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl dihydrogen phosphate;;
CAS Number	24939-03-5 ;
PubChem CID	32744;
ChemSpider	none;
UNII	3R630IWW5I; O84C90HH2L ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID90947819 ;
Chemical and physical data
Formula	(C10H10N4NaO7P)x • (C9H11N3NaO7P)x
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Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (usually abbreviated poly I:C or poly(I:C)) is an immunostimulant. It is used in the form of its sodium salt to simulate viral infections.[1]

Poly I:C is known to interact with toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), which is expressed at the endosomal membrane of B-cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. Poly I:C is structurally similar to double-stranded RNA, which is present in some viruses and is a "natural" stimulant of TLR3. Thus, Poly I:C can be considered a synthetic analog of double-stranded RNA and is a common tool for scientific research on the immune system.[2]

Chemistry

Poly I:C is a mismatched double-stranded RNA with one strand being a polymer of inosinic acid, the other a polymer of cytidylic acid.

Variants

Optimization of physicochemical properties of poly I:C has led to generation of derivatives that have increased stability in body fluids (such as polyICLC), or reduced toxicity through reduced stability in body fluids (such as poly I:C₁₂U).[3]

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gollark: Also monads, which are burritos, oranges in a radioactive spacesuit, and also `Monad m => (a -> m b) -> m a -> m b`.

gollark: I find it very hard to reason about code which frequently ends up chopping up infinite lists.

gollark: Haskell code is very confusing because of its crazy use of abstraction everywhere, somewhat alien (but nice and clean) syntax, and the whole lazy evaluation thing.

References

Fortier ME, Kent S, Ashdown H, Poole S, Boksa P, Luheshi GN (2004). "The viral mimic, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, induces fever in rats via an interleukin-1-dependent mechanism". Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 287 (4): R759–66. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00293.2004. PMID 15205185.
Li Y, Xu XL, Zhao D, Pan LN, Huang CW, Guo LJ, Lu Q, Wang J (2015). "TLR3 ligand Poly IC Attenuates Reactive Astrogliosis and Improves Recovery of Rats after Focal Cerebral Ischemia". CNS Neurosci Ther. 21 (11): 905–13. doi:10.1111/cns.12469. PMC 4638223. PMID 26494128.
Naumann, Kai; Wehner, Rebekka; Schwarze, Anett; Petzold, Christiane; Schmitz, Marc; Rohayem, Jacques (2013-12-02). "Activation of Dendritic Cells by the Novel Toll-Like Receptor 3 Agonist RGC100". Clinical and Developmental Immunology. 2013: 283649. doi:10.1155/2013/283649. ISSN 1740-2522. PMC 3878805. PMID 24454470.

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[pmid15205185-1] Fortier ME, Kent S, Ashdown H, Poole S, Boksa P, Luheshi GN (2004). "The viral mimic, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, induces fever in rats via an interleukin-1-dependent mechanism". Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 287 (4): R759–66. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00293.2004. PMID 15205185.

[pmid26494128-2] Li Y, Xu XL, Zhao D, Pan LN, Huang CW, Guo LJ, Lu Q, Wang J (2015). "TLR3 ligand Poly IC Attenuates Reactive Astrogliosis and Improves Recovery of Rats after Focal Cerebral Ischemia". CNS Neurosci Ther. 21 (11): 905–13. doi:10.1111/cns.12469. PMC 4638223. PMID 26494128.

[3] Naumann, Kai; Wehner, Rebekka; Schwarze, Anett; Petzold, Christiane; Schmitz, Marc; Rohayem, Jacques (2013-12-02). "Activation of Dendritic Cells by the Novel Toll-Like Receptor 3 Agonist RGC100". Clinical and Developmental Immunology. 2013: 283649. doi:10.1155/2013/283649. ISSN 1740-2522. PMC 3878805. PMID 24454470.