Połaniec

Połaniec [pɔˈwaɲet͡s] (listen) is a town in Staszów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, Poland, with 8,406 inhabitants (2012). The town is in Lesser Poland, and its history dates back to the early days of Polish statehood.[2] It lies in the western part of the Sandomierz Basin, a few kilometres north of the Vistula, along the National Road Nr. 79, from Bytom to Warsaw. The town has a railway station serving a secondary line, nr. 75 from Rytwiany to Połaniec.

Połaniec
Town
Saint Martin's Church
Flag
Coat of arms
Połaniec
Coordinates: 50°25′59″N 21°16′49″E
Country Poland
VoivodeshipŚwiętokrzyskie
CountyStaszów
GminaPołaniec
Town rights1264
Parts of town
Area
 (through the years 2008-2010)[1]
 • Total17.41 km2 (6.72 sq mi)
Elevation
166.3 m (545.6 ft)
Population
 (31 December 2012 at Census)[1]
 • Total8,406
 • Density480/km2 (1,300/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
28-230
Area code(s)+48 15
Car platesTSZ
Websitehttp://www.polaniec.pl
Połaniec Power Plant

The Połaniec Power Station, is one of the largest (1800 MW) coal-fired power plants in Poland and, since 2012, one of the largest biomass plants in the world. It is located outside the town, in the nearby village of Zawada. [3]

History

The history of Połaniec dates back to the 11th century, when a gord was built near the spot where the Czarna flows into the Vistula. A settlement emerged in the 11th–12th centuries, with St. Catherine church in the vicinity of the gord. In 1241 Połaniec was completely destroyed in the Mongol invasion of Poland, and near the local village of Tursko a battle took place with the invaders. Połaniec recovered, gaining town rights before 1264, and by 1340, it had some 400 residents. Ten years later, in 1350, King Kazimierz Wielki ordered the town to move from its location on the Winna Góra hill to its present location. In the late Middle Ages, Połaniec was an important trade centre, located along the merchant route from Kraków to Sandomierz, and near the very important waterway, the Vistula. Until 1795 the town belonged to Lesser Poland's Sandomierz Voivodeship.

At the beginning of the 16th century, Połaniec was burned to the ground by the Crimean Tatars, so that King Zygmunt Stary lowered the residents' taxes. In 1526 the town was once again in a conflagration. In the mid-16th century, a town hall, funded by hetman Jan Tarnowski was erected in Połaniec. At the beginning of the 17th century, a hospital was built. In 1772 (see Partitions of Poland), Połaniec suddenly became a border town, when the Austrian province of Galicia was created. Establishing a border along the Vistula slowed economic development in Połaniec. In 1794 the town was one of centres of the Kościuszko Uprising: it was the scene of the Proclamation of Połaniec on 7 May 1794. In 1795 the town was annexed by the Austrian Empire, and in 1815 it became part of Russian-controlled Congress Poland. On 1 June 1869, as a punishment for the January Uprising, it lost its town privileges. At that time, its population was around 2,000. While in the Kielce Voivodeship during the Second Polish Republic Połaniec suffered badly in the 1934 floods. Połaniec had a large Jewish population, who were murdered in the Holocaust by Germans and polish collaborators.

In the 1970s, the Tadeusz Kościuszko Power Plant was built, and in 1980, Połaniec regained its town rights.

Demography

According to the 2011 Poland census, there were 8,227 people residing in Połaniec, of whom 49.6% were male and 50.4% were female. In the town, the population was distributed such that 18.6% under the age of 18, 40.9% from 18 to 44, 31.8% from 45 to 64, and 8.7% who were 65 or older.[1]

Table 1. Population level of town in 2010 – by age group[1]
SPECIFICATION Measure
unit		 POPULATION
(by age group in 2010)
TOTAL0-45-910-1415-1920-2425-2930-3435-3940-4445-4950-5455-5960-6465-6970-7475-7980-8485 +
I.TOTAL person8,2274343554425378208425744654256959647354191411201247362
—of which in %1005.34.35.46.51010.275.75.28.411.78.95.11.71.51.50.90.8
1.BY SEX
A.Males person4,0782201662322574044642892441963044793782267454463510
—of which in %49.62.722.83.14.95.63.532.43.75.84.62.70.90.70.60.40.1
B.Females person4,1492141892102804163782852212293914853571936766783852
—of which in %50.42.62.32.63.45.14.63.52.72.84.85.94.32.30.80.80.90.50.6


Figure 1. Population pyramid of town in 2010 – by age group and sex[1]
Table 2. Population level of town in 2010 – by sex[1]
SPECIFICATION Measure
unit		 POPULATION
(by sex in 2010)
TOTALMalesFemales
I.TOTAL person8,2274,0784,149
—of which in %10049.650.4
1.BY AGE GROUP
A.At pre-working age person1,530759771
—of which in %18.69.29.4
B.At working age. grand total person5,9843,1002,884
—of which in %72.737.735
a.at mobile working age person3,3641,7131,651
—of which in                         %40.920.820.1
b.at non-mobile working age person2,6201,3871,233
—of which in                         %31.816.815
C.At post-working age person713219494
—of which in %8.72.76

International relations
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland

Twin towns – sister cities

Połaniec is twinned with:

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References
  1. "Local Data Bank (Bank Danych Lokalnych) – Layout by NTS nomenclature (Układ wg klasyfikacji NTS)". demografia.stat.gov.pl: GUS. 10 March 2011.
  2. Bielec, Jan (ed.); Szwałek, Stanisława (1982). Wykaz urzędowych nazw miejscowości w Polsce. T. III: P – Ż [List of official names of localities in Poland, Vol. III: P – Ż] (in Polish). Ministry of Administration, Spatial Economy and Environmental Protection (1st ed.). Warsaw, Poland: Central Statistical Office.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
    - Sitek, Janusz (1991). Nazwy geograficzne Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej [Geographical names of the Republic of Poland] (in Polish). Ministry of Physical Planning and Construction, Surveyor General of Poland, Council of Ministers' Office, Commission for Establishing Names of Localities and Physiographical Objects (1st ed.). Warsaw, Poland: Eugeniusz Romer State Cartographical Publishing House. ISBN 83-7000-071-1.
    - "Połaniec, miasto, gmina Połaniec – miasto, powiat staszowski, województwo świętokrzyskie" [Połaniec, town, Połaniec Commune – urban area, Staszów County, Świętokrzyskie Province, Poland]. Topographical map prepared in 1:10,000 scale. Aerial and satellite orthophotomap (in Polish). Head Office of Geodesy and Cartography, Poland, Warsaw. 2011. geoportal.gov.pl. Retrieved 27 April 2011.
  3. Polaniec Biomass Power Plant
  4. "Twinnings" (PDF). Central Union of Municipalities & Communities of Greece. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
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