Plungė

Plungė (pronunciation ; Samogitian: Plongė, Polish: Płungiany) is a city in Lithuania with 23,246 inhabitants. It has a crab stick factory which exports to many countries in Europe.

Plungė
City
Flag
Coat of arms
Plungė
Location of Plungė
Coordinates: 55°55′N 21°51′E
Country Lithuania
Ethnographic regionSamogitia
CountyTelšiai County
MunicipalityPlungė district municipality
EldershipPlungė town eldership
Capital ofPlungė district municipality
Plungė town eldership
Plungė rural eldership
First mentioned1567
Granted city rights1792
Population
 (2015)
 • Total18,904 (16th)
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)
Websitehttp://www.plunge.lt

History
Plungė belfry
Sculpture of St. Florian
St. John the Baptist Church

It is thought that the territory in which Plungė is situated was inhabited in 5th–1st centuries BC. After the Treaty of Melno country seats were established in the forests of Samogitia. From the 14th century to the middle of the 16th century, Plungė was a part of Gandinga volost as an ordinary settlement. Later, the population of Plungė started to grow faster and surpassed the population of Gandinga. In 1567 Plungė was mentioned as a town.

On January 13, 1792, Plungė was granted Magdeburg rights. From 1806 to 1873 Plungė belonged to Platon Zubov, and later – to Oginskiai, who built a palace here in 1879.

During the interwar period there was established gymnasium in 1925 and built railway branch-line in 1932. In 1933 current Catholic Church was consecrated. Since the private hospital was founded in 1939, maternity, surgical sections started their activities. Lithuanian Jews were active in the town's government and comprised around half of Plungė's inhabitants leading up to The Holocaust in Lithuania.

During the 1941 June Uprising in Lithuania and the German invasion as part of Operation Barbarossa, Plungė was captured by German forces on 25 June 1941.[1] Lithuanian nationalists, led by Jonas Noreika,[2][3] seized control and formed a town administration and police force. German forces killed 60 young Jewish men, accused by the Lithuanians of being a rear guard for the Red Army, shortly after the town's capture. On 26 June 1941, the day after the Germans' arrival in Plungė, Lithuanian forces moved the town's Jews into a makeshift ghetto, while carrying out beatings, torture, murders and forcing Jews to perform heavy labor. On 13 or 15 July in the Plungė massacre, the Lithuanian nationalists transported Jewish men, women and children to ditches near the village of Kausenai where they were shot. Of the 1,700 Jews living in Plungė in 1939, very few survived and those who were often victims of the Soviet deportations from Lithuania prior to the Holocaust.[1] Remembrance sites for the events of 1941 exist in and around the town.[4][5][6] The Jewish holocaust survivor and sculptor Jacob Bunka was one of the town's few Jews to survive the war.

During the years of the independence of Lithuania Plungė's economic was based on the factory of fibre flax and cotton Kučiskis – Pabedinskiai and also on the activities of Jewish businessmen and agricultural products made by Samogitian farmers.

After World War II and the Soviet occupation, Plungė started to grow rapidly – if the city had 7,400 inhabitants in 1950, in 1990 it had already had 23,300 inhabitants. During the years of Soviet occupation, Lithuanians became the majority of city's inhabitants. According to Government's Resolution of 1963, Plungė should have become regional centre with a strong industry. However these plans were ruined when it became obvious that the city doesn't have enough water resources although some high level companies representing various branches of industry were established in Plungė. Most of these companies however bankrupted after the Independence of Lithuania was announced.[7]

The coat of arms of Plungė was affirmed by the decree of the President on June 6, 1997.[8] In 2009 Plungė was elected Lithuanian Capital of Culture.[9] Nowadays Plungė is the sixteenth largest city of Lithuania having 22,287 inhabitants.

Name

Origin of the name Plungė is not clear enough. The most persuasive theory is that the name of the city is issued from the name of river Paplunga which flowed through the city.[10]

The city's name is Płungiany in Polish, Plongė in Samogitian, Plungyan (פלונגיאן) in Yiddish. It was also called Плунгяны (Plungyany) in Russian in the past.[11]

Main sights

Transport
Plungė Railway Station
Fountain at central square
Plungė Public Library

Important highways are built near the city:

Plungė also has railway station. Trains going by the route Vilnius–Klaipėda and Radviliškis–Klaipėda stop there.

Sports

Football club "FK Babrungas Plungė" plays in Lithuanian Football Federation's 2 League's Western Zone. Team plays in the Central Stadium of Plungė.

Basketball club "Olimpas Plungė" plays in National Basketball League. The team was established in 1989. In 1997, BC Olimpas played in the Lithuanian Basketball League finals, where they lost to BC Žalgiris Kaunas. Afterwards, the team didn't appear in national competitions until 2011. Olimpas Plungė started to play in Regional Basketball League and won gold medals in 2012 and qualified to National Basketball League. In 2012-2013 National Basketball League's regular season team finished 3rd amongst 18 teams, however it lost the Quarter-finals series 2-0 to BC Žalgiris Kaunas 2.[12] Team plays in "SS Žemaitijos Suvenyras" arena, which has a capacity of 200 people.

Twin towns — sister cities
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Lithuania

Plungė is twinned with:[13]

Famous residents
gollark: What could possibly go wrong.
gollark: I mean, really, all political sides or groups or whatever have infighting, but this is... particularly visible?
gollark: leftist_infighting_irl
gollark: Authleft is quite uncool.
gollark: "no, you can't improve things, that would make everyone else worse off by comparison!"

References
  1. The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933–1945, Geoffrey P. Megargee, Martin C. Dean, and Mel Hecker, Volume II, part B, pages 1105.
  2. „Die Mörder werden noch gebraucht“, Der Spiegel, Von Leonid Olschwang, 23 April 1984
  3. She thought her grandfather was a Lithuanian hero. Research leads her to ask, was he a patriot or a Nazi?, Chicago Tribune, Ron Grossman, 14 January 2019
  4. "Holocaust Atlas of Lithuania: MASS MURDER OF THE JEWS FROM PLUNGĖ". www.holocaustatlas.lt. Retrieved January 27, 2019.
  5. "Holocaust Atlas of Lithuania: MASS MURDER OF THE JEWS IN PLUNGĖ CEMETERY". www.holocaustatlas.lt. Retrieved January 27, 2019.
  6. "Holocaust Atlas of Lithuania: MASS MURDER OF THE JEWS NEAR JOVAIŠIŠKĖ". www.holocaustatlas.lt. Retrieved January 27, 2019.
  7. "PlungÄ—s rajono savivaldybÄ—". plunge.lt. Retrieved January 27, 2019.
  8. "1312 DÄ—l PlungÄ—s miesto herbo patvirtinimo". e-seimas.lrs.lt. Retrieved January 27, 2019.
  9. Domeikaitė, Audrė. "Lietuvos kultūros sostinė 2009 metais bus Plungė (video)". 15min.lt. Retrieved January 27, 2019.
  10. "Pradžia". Plungės žinios. Retrieved January 27, 2019.
  11. http://www.degruyter.com/dg/viewarticle.fullcontentlink:pdfeventlink/$002fj$002fwerk.2014.9.issue-2$002fwerk-2014-0008$002fwerk-2014-0008.pdf?t:ac=j$002fwerk.2014.9.issue-2$002fwerk-2014-0008$002fwerk-2014-0008.xml
  12. "Nacionalinė krepšinio lyga - NKL". www.nklyga.lt. Retrieved January 27, 2019.
  13. "Tarptautiniai ryšiai". plunge.lt (in Lithuanian). Plungė. Retrieved August 29, 2019.
  14. Toldot Anshei Shem. p. 9.
  15. Around the Jewish World Lone Jew in Lithuanian Town Spends Life Preserving the Past, Jewish Telegraphic Agency, 13 June 2002
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