Plug-in hybrid car energy efficiency

The following table compares EPA's estimated out-of-pocket fuel costs and fuel economy ratings of serial production plug-in hybrid electric vehicles rated by EPA as of January 2017 expressed in miles per gallon gasoline equivalent (mpg-e),[1][2] versus the most fuel efficient gasoline-electric hybrid car, the 2016 Toyota Prius Eco (fourth generation), rated 56 mpg_‑US (4.2 L/100 km; 67 mpg_‑imp), and EPA's average new 2016 vehicle, which has a fuel economy of 25 mpg_‑US (9.4 L/100 km; 30 mpg_‑imp).[2][3][4] The table also shows the fuel efficiency for plug-in hybrids in all-electric mode expressed as KWh/100 mile, the metric used by EPA to rate electric cars before November 2010.[5]

Comparison of out-of-pocket fuel costs and fuel economy for plug-in hybrid electric cars rated by EPA as of January 2017 with MPGe and conventional MPG⁽¹⁾ (as displayed in the Monroney label and the US DoE fueleconomy.gov website)
Vehicle	Year model	Operating mode (EV range)	EPA rated Combined fuel economy	EPA rated city/highway fuel economy	Fuel cost to drive 25 miles	Annual fuel cost⁽¹⁾ (15,000 mi)	Notes
Toyota Prius Prime[1][6]	2017	Electricity (25 mi)	133 mpg-e (25 kWh/100 mi)	-	$0.82	$550	The Prius Prime is the most energy-efficient vehicle with a gasoline engine in EV mode.[7] During the first 25 mi might use some gasoline.[6] The 2017 Prime has a combined gasoline/electricity rating of 78 mpg-e (city 83 mpg-e/hwy 73 mpg-e).[8]
Toyota Prius Prime[1][6]	2017	Gasoline only	54 mpg	55 mpg/ 53 mpg	$1.08	$550
BMW i3 REx (60 A·h)[9][10]	2014 2015 2016	Electricity only (72 mi)	117 mpg-e (29 kWh/100 mi)	97 mpg‑e (35 kW⋅h/100 mi)/ 79 mpg‑e (44 kW⋅h/100 mi)	$0.94	$650	The EPA classifies the i3 REx as a series plug-in hybrid while CARB as a range-extended battery-electric vehicle (BEVx). The 2014/16 i3 REx is the most fuel efficient EPA-certified current year vehicle with a gasoline engine with a combined gasoline/electricity rating of 88 mpg-e (city 97 mpg-e/hwy 79 mpg-e).[11][8]
BMW i3 REx (60 A·h)[9][10]	2014 2015 2016	Gasoline only (78 mi)	39 mpg	41 mpg/ 37 mpg	$1.79	$650
Honda Accord Plug-in Hybrid[12]	2014	Electricity and gasoline (13 mi)	115mpg-e (29 kWh/100 mi)	-	$1.03	$650	The 2014 Accord is the most fuel efficient plug-in hybrid in blended EV mode with a rating of 115 mpg-e. The Accord has a rating for combined EV/hybrid operation of 57 mpg-e.[13]
Honda Accord Plug-in Hybrid[12]	2014	Gasoline only	46 mpg	47 mpg/ 46 mpg	$1.11	$650
BMW i3 REx (94 A·h)[1][14]	2017	Electricity only (97 mi)	111 mpg-e (30 kWh/100 mi)	-	$0.98	$650	The EPA classifies the i3 REx as a series plug-in hybrid while CARB as a range-extended battery-electric vehicle (BEVx). The 2017 i3 REx (94 A·h) has a combined gasoline/electricity rating of 88 mpg-e (city 95 mpg-e/hwy 81 mpg-e), the highest rating among 2017 MY plug-in hybrids.[8]
BMW i3 REx (94 A·h)[1][14]	2017	Gasoline only (83 mi)	35 mpg	36 mpg/ 33 mpg	$1.99	$650
Chevrolet Volt (2nd gen)[15][16]	2016 2017	Electricity only (53 mi)	106 mpg-e (31 kWh/100 mi)	113 mpg-e (29 kWh/100 mi)/ 99 mpg-e (34 kWh/100 mi)	$1.01	$650	The 2016/17 Volt has a combined gasoline/electricity rating of 77 mpg-e (city 82 mpg-e/hwy 72 mpg-e).[8] Regular gasoline.
Chevrolet Volt (2nd gen)[15][16]	2016 2017	Gasoline only	42 mpg	43 mpg/ 42 mpg	$1.39	$650
Hyundai Sonata PHEV[17]	2016	Electricity and gasoline (27 mi)	99mpg-e (34 kWh/100 mi)	-	$1.19	$700	During the first 27 mi uses some gasoline. The actual all-electric range is between 0 to 27 mi.[17]
Hyundai Sonata PHEV[17]	2016	Gasoline only	40 mpg	-	$1.28	$700
Chevrolet Volt (1st gen)[18][19]	2013 2014 2015	Electricity only (38 mi)	98 mpg-e (35 kWh/100 mi)	-	$1.01	$650	The 2013/15 Volt has a combined gasoline/electricity rating of 62 mpg-e (city 63 mpg-e/hwy 61 mpg-e).[11] Premium gasoline.
Chevrolet Volt (1st gen)[18][19]	2013 2014 2015	Gasoline only	37 mpg	35 mpg/ 40 mpg	$1.21	$650
Ford Fusion Energi[20]	2017	Electricity and gasoline (22 mi)	97 mpg-e (35 kW-h/100 mi)	-	$1.14	$700	The actual all-electric range is between 0 to 21 mi.[20]
Ford Fusion Energi[20]	2017	Gasoline only	42 mpg	-	$1.21	$700	The actual all-electric range is between 0 to 21 mi.[20]
Toyota Prius PHV[21]	2012 2013 2014 2015	Electricity and gasoline (11 mi)	95 mpg-e (29 kWh/100 mi plus 0.2 gallons/100 mi)	-	$1.03	$600	After the first 11 miles the car functions like a regular Prius hybrid The 2012/15 Prius has a combined gasoline/electricity rating of 58 mpg-e (city 59 mpg-e/hwy 56 mpg-e).[11]
Toyota Prius PHV[21]	2012 2013 2014 2015	Gasoline only	50 mpg	51 mpg/ 49 mpg	$1.02	$600
Chevrolet Volt[22]	2011 2012	Electricity only	94 mpg-e (36 kWh/100 mi)	95 mpg-e (36 kWh/100 mi)/ 93 mpg-e (37 kWh/100 mi)	$1.17	$800	Premium gasoline.
Chevrolet Volt[22]	2011 2012	Gasoline only	37 mpg	35 mpg/ 40 mpg	$1.70	$800	Premium gasoline.
Ford C-Max Energi[23] Ford Fusion Energi[23]	2013 2014 2015 2016	Electricity and gasoline (20 mi)	88 mpg-e (37 kWh/100 mi)	95 mpg‑e (36 kW⋅h/100 mi)/ 81 mpg‑e (42 kW⋅h/100 mi)	$1.25	$750	The Energi did not use any gasoline for the first 20 miles in EPA tests, but depending on the driving style, the car may use both gasoline and electricity during EV mode. The Energi models have a combined EV/hybrid operation rating of 51 mpg-e (city 55 mpg-e/hwy 46 mpg-e).[11]
Ford C-Max Energi[23] Ford Fusion Energi[23]	2013 2014 2015 2016	Gasoline only	38 mpg	40 mpg/ 36 mpg	$1.34	$750
Audi A3 e-tron ultra[24]	2016	Electricity only (17 mi)	86 mpg-e (38 kWh/100 mi)	-	$1.37	$900	During the first 17 mi uses some gasoline. The actual all-electric range is between 0 to 17 mi.[24]
Audi A3 e-tron ultra[24]	2016	Gasoline only	39 mpg	-	$1.61	$900
Cadillac ELR[25]	2014 2015	Electricity only (37 mi)	82 mpg-e (41 kWh/100 mi)	-	$1.33	$900	The 2014/15 ELR has a combined gasoline/electricity rating of 54 mpg-e (city 54 mpg-e/hwy 55 mpg-e).[11]
Cadillac ELR[25]	2014 2015	Gasoline only	33 mpg	31 mpg/ 35 mpg	$1.90	$900
Chrysler Pacifica Hybrid[26]	2017	Electricity only (33 mi)	84 mpg-e (40 kWh/100 mi)	-	$1.73	$900	During the first 33 mi uses some gasoline. The actual all-electric range is between 0 to 33 mi.[26]
Chrysler Pacifica Hybrid[26]	2017	Gasoline only	32 mpg	-	$1.83	$900
Audi A3 e-tron[24]	2016	Electricity only (16 mi)	83 mpg-e (40 kWh/100 mi)	-	$1.49	$950	During the first 16 mi uses some gasoline. The actual all-electric range is between 0 to 16 mi.[24]
Audi A3 e-tron[24]	2016	Gasoline only	35 mpg	-	$1.79	$950
BMW i8[9][27]	2014 2015 2016	Electricity and gasoline (15 mi)	76 mpg-e (43 kWh/100 mi)	-	$1.77	$1,150	The i8 does not run on 100% electricity as it consumes 0.1 gallons per 100 mi in EV mode (all-electric range = 0 mi) The i8 has a rating for combined EV/hybrid operation of 37 mpg-e.[13]
BMW i8[9][27]	2014 2015 2016	Gasoline only	28 mpg	28 mpg/ 29 mpg	$2.24	$1,150
BMW 330e[28]	2016	Electricity and gasoline (14 mi)	72 mpg-e (47 kWh/100 mi)	-	$1.74	$1,050	During the first 14 mi uses some gasoline. The actual all-electric range is between 0 to 14 mi.[28] Premium gasoline.
BMW 330e[28]	2016	Gasoline only	31 mpg	-	$2.02	$1,050
Porsche 918 Spyder[9][29]	2015	Electricity only (12 mi)	67 mpg-e (50 kWh/100 mi)	-	$1.62	$1,500	Premium gasoline.
Porsche 918 Spyder[9][29]	2015	Gasoline only	22 mpg	20 mpg/ 24 mpg	$2.85	$1,500	Premium gasoline.
BMW 740e iPerformance[30]	2017	Electricity only (14 mi)	64 mpg-e (52 kWh/100 mi)	-	$2.03	$1,350	During the first 14 mi uses some gasoline. The actual all-electric range is between 0 to 14 mi.[30]
BMW 740e iPerformance[30]	2017	Gasoline only	27 mpg	-	$2.48	$1,350
BMW X5 xDrive40e[31]	2016	Electricity only (14 mi)	56 mpg-e (59 kWh/100 mi)	-	$2.23	$1,450	During the first 14 mi uses some gasoline. The actual all-electric range is between 0 to 14 mi.[31]
BMW X5 xDrive40e[31]	2016	Gasoline only	24 mpg	-	$2.61	$1,450
Mercedes-Benz S 500 e[32]	2015	Electricity and gasoline (14 mi)	58 mpg-e (59 kWh/100 mi)	-	$2.13	$1,350	During the first 14 mi uses some gasoline. The actual all-electric range is between 0 to 12 mi.[32] Premium gasoline.
Mercedes-Benz S 500 e[32]	2015	Gasoline only	26 mpg	-	$2.41	$1,350
Fisker Karma[33]	2012	Electricity only (33 mi)	54 mpg-e (62 kWh/100 mi)	-	$2.02	$1,450	Premium gasoline.
Fisker Karma[33]	2012	Gasoline only	20 mpg	20 mpg/ 21 mpg	$3.14	$1,450	Premium gasoline.
Volvo XC90 T8[34]	2016	Electricity and gasoline (14 mi)	53 mpg-e (58 kWh/100 mi)	-	$2.19	$1,400	During the first 14 mi uses some gasoline. The actual all-electric range is between 0 to 13 mi.[34] Premium gasoline.
Volvo XC90 T8[34]	2016	Gasoline only	25 mpg	-	$2.51	$1,400
Porsche Panamera S E-Hybrid[35]	2016	Electricity and gasoline (16 mi)	51 mpg-e (51 kWh/100 mi)	-	$2.15	$1,350	The all-electric range is between 0 to 15 mi Premium gasoline.
Porsche Panamera S E-Hybrid[35]	2016	Gasoline only	25 mpg	23 mpg/ 29 mpg	$2.51	$1,350
Porsche Panamera S E-Hybrid[35]	2014 2015	Electricity and gasoline (16 mi)	50 mpg-e (52 kWh/100 mi)	-	$2.18	$1,400	The all-electric range is between 0 to 15 mi The S E-Hybrid has a rating for combined EV/hybrid operation of 31 mpg-e.[13]
Porsche Panamera S E-Hybrid[35]	2014 2015	Gasoline only	25 mpg	23 mpg/ 29 mpg	$2.51	$1,400
Porsche Cayenne S E-Hybrid[9][36]	2015 2016	Electricity and gasoline (14 mi)	47 mpg-e (69 kWh/100 mi)	-	$2.24	$1,550	Premium gasoline.
Porsche Cayenne S E-Hybrid[9][36]	2015 2016	Gasoline only	22 mpg	21 mpg/ 24 mpg	$2.85	$1,550	Premium gasoline.
McLaren P1[9][37]	2014 2015	Electricity and gasoline (19 mi)	18 mpg-e (25 kWh/100 mi)	-	$3.79	$2,200	The P1 does not run on 100% electricity as it consumes 4.8 gallons per 100 mi in EV mode (all-electric range = 0 mi)[37] The P1 has a rating for combined EV/hybrid operation of 17 mpg-e.[13]
McLaren P1[9][37]	2014 2015	Gasoline only	17 mpg	16 mpg/ 20 mpg	$3.69	$2,200

2016 Toyota Prius Eco (4th gen)[4]	2016	Gasoline-electric hybrid	56 mpg	58 mpg/ 53 mpg	$0.91	$550	Most fuel efficient hybrid electric car.[2]
Ford Fusion AWD 2.0L[2][38] (Average new vehicle)	2016	Gasoline only	25 mpg	22 mpg/ 31 mpg	$2.04	$1,200	Other 2016 MY cars achieving 25 mpg combined city/hwy include the Honda Accord 3.5L, Toyota Camry 3.5L and Toyota RAV4 2.5L.[2][38]
Notes: (1) Based on 45% highway and 55% city driving. Electricity cost of US$0.13/kWh, premium gasoline price of US$2.51 per gallon (used by the 2015 Volt, i3 REx, ELR, i8, Mercedes S500e, Karma and all Porsche models), and regular gasoline price of US$2.04 per gallon (as of 18 December 2015). Conversion 1 gallon of gasoline=33.7 kWh.

References

United States Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2017-01-11). "Model Year 2017 Fuel Economy Guide - Electric vehicles & Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles" (PDF). fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2017-01-16. See pp. 34 - 38 for all-electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles.
United States Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-18). "Model Year 2016 Fuel Economy Guide - Electric vehicles & Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles" (PDF). fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-18. See pp. 27-28 for all-electric vehicles and pp. 30-31 for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. The average 2016 vehicle gets 25 mpg
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-08-14). "2015 Best and Worst Fuel Economy Vehicles - (excluding electric vehicles)". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-08-17. See the tab "Cars excl. EVs" - The Prius c is the most fuel efficient in the compact class and the conventional Prius is the most fuel efficient in the midsize class, and both rank ahead of the most fuel efficient in any other clars.
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-18). "Compare Side-by-Side - 2015 Toyota Prius, 2016 Toyota Prius and 2016 Toyota Prius Eco". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-18. The average 2016 vehicle gets 25 mpg.
"Why are the VOLT and LEAF EVs measured in Miles Per Gallon". Electric Vehicle News. 2009-08-15. Retrieved 2011-02-21.
United States Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2017-01-16). "Compare Side-by-Side - 2017 Prius Prime". fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2017-01-16.
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2017-01-16). "Compare Side-by-Side - 2017 Toyota Prius Prime - 2016 BMW i3 REX - 2017 BMW i3 REX (94 Amp-hour battery) - 2017 Chevrolet Volt". fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2017-01-16. The Prius Prime is the most energy-efficient vehicle with a gasoline engine in EV mode (133 MPG-e).
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2017-01-16). "Top Fuel Sippers (EPA Ratings, 2017 Model Year) Excludes EVs". fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2017-01-16. Current Model Year excludes all-electric vehicles. The 2017 BMW i3 REX (94 Amp-hour battery) has a combined gas/electricity fuel economy rating of 88 mpg-e (95/81 city/hwy), the 2017 Prius Prime has a combined gas/electricity rating of 78 mpg-e (83/73 city/hwy), and the 2017 Chevrolet Volt has a combined gas/electricity rating of 77 mpg-e (82/72 city/hwy).
United States Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-08-12). "Model Year 2015 Fuel Economy Guide - Electric vehicles & Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles" (PDF). fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-08-17. pp. 31-34
United States Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2016-09-16). "Compare Side-by-Side - 2014/2015/2016 BMW i3 REx". fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2016-09-19.
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "Fueleconomy.gov's Top Fuel Sippers (EPA Ratings, All Years)". fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-05. Excludes all-electric vehicles. Click on the tab "Top Fuel Sippers (EPA Ratings, All Years)" - The 2013-2014 Chevrolet Volt has a combined fuel economy of 62 mpg-e, while 2016 Volt has a combined fuel economy of 77 mpg-e. The BMW i3 REx has a combined fuel economy of 88 mpg-e
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-18). "Compare Side-by-Side - 2014 Honda Accord Plug-in Hybrid". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-18.
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U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-18). "Compare Side-by-Side - 2012 Fisker Karma". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-19.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2016-03-18). "2016 Volvo XC90 AWD PHEV". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2016-03-18.
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This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[EPAFEG2017MY-1] United States Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2017-01-11). "Model Year 2017 Fuel Economy Guide - Electric vehicles & Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles" (PDF). fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2017-01-16. See pp. 34 - 38 for all-electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles.

[EPAFEG2016MY-2] United States Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-18). "Model Year 2016 Fuel Economy Guide - Electric vehicles & Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles" (PDF). fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-18. See pp. 27-28 for all-electric vehicles and pp. 30-31 for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. The average 2016 vehicle gets 25 mpg

[EPA2015Best-3] U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-08-14). "2015 Best and Worst Fuel Economy Vehicles - (excluding electric vehicles)". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-08-17. See the tab "Cars excl. EVs" - The Prius c is the most fuel efficient in the compact class and the conventional Prius is the most fuel efficient in the midsize class, and both rank ahead of the most fuel efficient in any other clars.

[EPA2015_16Prius-4] U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-18). "Compare Side-by-Side - 2015 Toyota Prius, 2016 Toyota Prius and 2016 Toyota Prius Eco". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-18. The average 2016 vehicle gets 25 mpg.

[EVN2009-5] "Why are the VOLT and LEAF EVs measured in Miles Per Gallon". Electric Vehicle News. 2009-08-15. Retrieved 2011-02-21.

[2017Prime-6] United States Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2017-01-16). "Compare Side-by-Side - 2017 Prius Prime". fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2017-01-16.

[TopMPGe2017-7] U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2017-01-16). "Compare Side-by-Side - 2017 Toyota Prius Prime - 2016 BMW i3 REX - 2017 BMW i3 REX (94 Amp-hour battery) - 2017 Chevrolet Volt". fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2017-01-16. The Prius Prime is the most energy-efficient vehicle with a gasoline engine in EV mode (133 MPG-e).

[EPAMost2017-8] U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2017-01-16). "Top Fuel Sippers (EPA Ratings, 2017 Model Year) Excludes EVs". fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2017-01-16. Current Model Year excludes all-electric vehicles. The 2017 BMW i3 REX (94 Amp-hour battery) has a combined gas/electricity fuel economy rating of 88 mpg-e (95/81 city/hwy), the 2017 Prius Prime has a combined gas/electricity rating of 78 mpg-e (83/73 city/hwy), and the 2017 Chevrolet Volt has a combined gas/electricity rating of 77 mpg-e (82/72 city/hwy).

[EPA2015-9] United States Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-08-12). "Model Year 2015 Fuel Economy Guide - Electric vehicles & Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles" (PDF). fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-08-17. pp. 31-34

[EPAi3REx-10] United States Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2016-09-16). "Compare Side-by-Side - 2014/2015/2016 BMW i3 REx". fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2016-09-19.

[EPAtop10-11] U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "Fueleconomy.gov's Top Fuel Sippers (EPA Ratings, All Years)". fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-05. Excludes all-electric vehicles. Click on the tab "Top Fuel Sippers (EPA Ratings, All Years)" - The 2013-2014 Chevrolet Volt has a combined fuel economy of 62 mpg-e, while 2016 Volt has a combined fuel economy of 77 mpg-e. The BMW i3 REx has a combined fuel economy of 88 mpg-e

[12] U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-18). "Compare Side-by-Side - 2014 Honda Accord Plug-in Hybrid". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-18.

[EPA1975_2014-13] U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (October 2014). "Light-Duty Automotive Technology, Carbon Dioxide Emissions, and Fuel Economy Trends: 1975 Through 2014" (PDF). EPA. Retrieved 2014-10-12. See table 7.3 - Overall fuel economy (mpg-e), pp. 100.

[EPAi3A94-14] United States Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2016-09-29). "Compare Side-by-Side: 2015 BMW i3 REX, 2016 BMW i3 REX, 2017 BMW i3 REX (94 Amp-hour battery), and 2017 BMW i3 BEV (94 Amp-hour battery)". fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2016-09-30.

[Volt2016_2017-15] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2016-03-18). "Compare Side-by-Side - 2017/2016 Chevrolet Volt". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2016-03-20.

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