Platform exclusivity

Platform exclusivity (also known as console exclusivity) refers to the status of a video game being developed for and released only on certain platforms. Most commonly, it refers to only being released on a specific video game console or through a specific vendor's platforms—either permanently, or for a definite period of time.

Exclusivity is a topic used in discussions of the advantages and disadvantages of rival vendors in the video game market, and one which is used for marketing by vendors involved. Industry analysts generally agree that there is a correlation between availability of exclusive titles, and hardware sales.

Usage in the video game industry

A video game's exclusivity to specific hardware may either be permanent, or timed—the latter case allowing a game to be released on different console platforms and/or PCs after a specific timeframe lapses. Permanent exclusives are often developed (first-party title), published or heavily-funded by the console manufacturer. In some cases, the exclusivity may only apply to a game's console release, either for games being ported from PC to console (such as PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds, whose console release was a timed Xbox One exclusive), or games being released on PC along with a single console.[1]

Games may also include features and content that are exclusive to specific consoles, such as features that leverage a specific platform's distinguishing features, or appearances by characters from the platform's first-party franchises (such as Banjo and Kazooie being playable characters on the Xbox 360 version of Sonic & Sega All-Stars Racing, and Fox McCloud from Nintendo's Star Fox series being playable in special content on the Nintendo Switch version of Starlink: Battle for Atlas).[2][3][4] Timed exclusivity may also apply to downloadable content for an otherwise multi-platform game, such as Activision's exclusivity agreements with Sony Interactive Entertainment (which cover the Call of Duty franchise).[5][6]

Exclusives are typically at the forefront of promotional efforts during gaming conferences such as E3, in order to help drive sales of hardware, as a consumer choosing between options may be swayed by the different range of games available on each different console. Analysts have stated that sales figures in the past have indicated that there is a relation between hardware sales, and the release of software specifically for that hardware.[7] They state that there is also data which shows that during holiday periods, when consumer spending is generally higher, hardware with a list of exclusive releases generally outsell those with a smaller selection.[8] Correlations have also been drawn between the sales of software, and the sales of relevant hardware, as in late 2009 the Wii dominated both the hardware and software charts.[9]

A console manufacturer may invest in or acquire other video game developers so that their expertise can be leveraged for first-party titles, such as Microsoft's acquisitions of Lionhead Studios (Fable) and Rare (which, up until then, had been strongly-aligned with, and minority-owned by Nintendo), and Sony's acquisitions of Naughty Dog (which had already been strongly-aligned with PlayStation for existing titles),[10][11][12] and Insomniac Games (which had also been strongly-aligned with PlayStation, and had worked on Sony-published games such as the Ratchet & Clank franchise and Spider-Man).[13]

There have begun to be exceptions to the practice: Microsoft Studios-published exclusive Ori and the Blind Forest was given a Nintendo Switch port in 2019 (although this was part of a larger pattern of collaboration with the company, including cross-platform multiplayer support between the Switch and Xbox versions of Minecraft, and inclusion of the title duo from the Rare-developed Nintendo 64 game Banjo-Kazooie as a downloadable character for Super Smash Bros. Ultimate). Microsoft stated that it would honor the multi-platform release plans for games from several studios that it had recently acquired (including Obsidian Entertainment's The Outer Worlds, whose publishing rights had already been sold to Take-Two Interactive prior to Microsoft's purchase of the studio),[14] but that they would focus on Xbox platform exclusives in the future.[15][16] In December 2019, Sony announced plans to transition its first-party MLB: The Show franchise to multi-platform releases "as early as 2021".[17]

Exclusivity in PC gaming

In the PC gaming market, a form of platform exclusivity has emerged involving digital distribution, whereby an online retailer acquires exclusive rights to distribute a game by means of either vertical integration between a publisher and a co-owned distribution platform, or through a financial arrangement between a publisher and a third-party distributor. Microsoft Studios employed this strategy on certain first-party releases by making them exclusive to Microsoft Store (formerly Windows Store), including cross-buy support with Xbox One. This also made the games, such as Quantum Break, exclusive to the Windows 10 operating system, due to the use of Universal Windows Platform (UWP). Games on the UWP architecture also included technical and compatibility limitations that critics and consumers considered unfavorable and contrary to norms (such as locked frame rates and incompatibility with third-party tools).[18] However, Microsoft would later re-release Quantum Break on Steam with support for Windows 7 and newer,[19][20] and announced in May 2019 that it would begin to offer more of its flagship first-party titles on third-party platforms such as Steam to widen their availability, and in Win32 architecture to remove the limitations of UWP.[21][22][23]

Epic Games Store has faced criticism for employing this strategy. One prominent case was that of Metro: Exodus, which was abruptly announced as being an Epic Games Store exclusive only shortly before its release, even after taking pre-orders on Steam. Its owner Valve criticized the move as being unfair to consumers, but stated that it would still fulfill and support the game for those who had purchased it prior to the exclusivity deal.[24][25] Justification for these complaints have included allegations that the store client is spyware, sinophobia (due to minority shares in the company being owned by Chinese conglomerate Tencent, allegedly subjecting it to Chinese government influence and possible espionage), lacking features in comparison to the market-leading Steam (such as per-game communities and cloud saves), and subjection of the PC gaming industry to exclusivity deals reminiscent of those seen on consoles.[26]

Epic Games states that its store is more favorable to publishers by taking only a 12% share of revenue in comparison to Steam (30%). Epic Games Store also waives the separate 5% royalty on games that license Unreal Engine. In response to the criticism, Epic Games stated that it would be less aggressive in seeking exclusivity deals if Valve reduced its revenue cut, and that it would try to avoid repeating the "pushback" associated with the Metro controversy.[27][26]

Impact of exclusivity on sales

In addition to sales data supporting the relation of hardware sales to software titles,[7][8] CNET stated that "one of the biggest decisions when choosing a video game system has to be the exclusive games".[28] The focus of E3 on exclusive titles at each manufacturer's press event also reflects the marketing power of exclusive titles, in addition to exclusive hardware.[29][30]

Many media reports include exclusive hardware and software as points of consideration for consumers.[31] They also draw attention to the relevance of such exclusive titles for the developer, as there may be a potential for greater sales volume when releasing on multiple platforms.[32] Console makers such as Microsoft, Sony and Nintendo also use exclusive titles to their advantage in order to create marketing strategies. Microsoft claimed that the Halo series, specifically Halo 3, was a key "payoff" in their strategy when entering the console market with the Xbox and Xbox 360.[33][34]

The Wii's dominance during the seventh generation of consoles was credited primarily to Nintendo's focus on targeting a wider audience, rather than competing with PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 on hardware fidelity and the core market. The console distinguished itself on-launch with its innovative Wii Remote motion controller, as well as family-friendly games that were intuitive and accessible to audiences not typically associated with video gaming. These goals were exemplified by Wii Sports—an exclusive title which was bundled with the console, as well as other Wii series games designed with a similar positioning.[35][36] By July 2007, it was reported that the Wii had outsold the PlayStation 3 six-to-one, with analysts citing a lack of "killer" exclusives for the platform as affecting market share.[9][37]

By contrast, its eighth generation successor, the Wii U, was hampered by a weak lineup of launch titles, an unclear vision for its Wii U GamePad peripheral, and a resulting lack of third-party support. Nintendo relied primarily on exclusives from its first-party franchises—such as Mario Kart 8, Super Smash Bros. for Wii U, and the new IP Splatoon—in order to grow the fledgling console's market share. The Wii U never reached the same market share as its competitors, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One, and manufacturing was discontinued in 2017.[38][39][40][41] Some writers did note that in terms of critical reception, the Wii U did have a stronger library of exclusive titles than its competitors at the time. As of March 2016, the Wii U had more exclusive titles with aggregate scores on Metacritic within the "Good" (75-89) and "Amazing" (89-100) ranking tiers than PS4 and Xbox One combined, and the most within the "Amazing" category (Bayonetta 2, Super Mario 3D World, and Super Smash Bros.; the PS4 only had one "Amazing"-ranked game, Bloodborne, and Xbox One had none).[42][43][44][45]

The eighth generation of consoles has been dominated primarily by the PlayStation 4 and Nintendo Switch. Microsoft's Xbox One console has faced criticism for not having as many "compelling" exclusives, with critics citing Microsoft's weaker array of first-party studios as a factor.[5][6][46] Microsoft has also increasingly preferred dual releases on Microsoft Windows and Xbox One (often exclusive to Microsoft Store) over full Xbox console exclusivity, and deals for console ports of existing PC games to be timed exclusives to Xbox One.[47][48][49]

gollark: And what do you mean "bisected by a crime"?
gollark: What time zone?
gollark: ... fine.
gollark: Also one channel where a bot appears to be bruteforcing invite links?
gollark: There really is not much on there other than *many*, *many* bots.

See also

References
  1. Hamilton, Kirk. "What A Video Game 'Exclusive' Means In 2017". Kotaku. Retrieved 30 August 2018.
  2. Sinclair, Brendan (17 October 2008). "Vader, Yoda DLC Force-d onto Soulcalibur IV". GameSpot. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
  3. Brudvig, Erik (18 December 2009). "Banjo and Avatars Join SEGA All-Stars". IGN. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
  4. Kane, Alex; Kane, Alex (11 June 2018). "'Star Fox' Announced for Inclusion in Ubisoft's 'Starlink'". Variety. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
  5. "The Xbox One is struggling because video game exclusives still matter". The Verge. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  6. "Xbox's lack of compelling games won't be fixed next year". Engadget. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  7. Magrino, Tom (18 July 2008). "PS3 sales spike on Metal Gear Solid 4 release". GameSpot. Archived from the original on 24 January 2013. Retrieved 16 November 2009.
  8. Leyton, Chris (24 July 2009). "7th Generation Feature: Lifetime sales of consoles". totalvideogames.com. Archived from the original on 27 July 2009. Retrieved 16 November 2009.
  9. "Nintendo dominates UK games chart". BBC News. 14 August 2007. Retrieved 16 November 2009.
  10. "Microsoft snaps up UK games guru". BBC News. 6 April 2006. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
  11. "'Great Decision' to Sell Naughty Dog to Sony, Says Co-Founder". IGN. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
  12. Parkin, Simon (8 February 2012). "Who Killed Rare?". Eurogamer. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
  13. Gartenberg, Chaim (19 August 2019). "Sony acquires Spider-Man and Ratchet & Clank developer Insomniac Games". The Verge. Retrieved 21 August 2019.
  14. Hall, Charlie (7 December 2018). "The Outer Worlds isn't a Microsoft game, even though it's buying Obsidian". Polygon. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
  15. "Microsoft has "no plans" to release more Xbox exclusives on PS4 or Nintendo Switch". GamesIndustry.biz. Retrieved 24 December 2019.
  16. Warren, Tom (21 June 2018). "Nintendo and Microsoft team up to promote cross-play, while Sony remains silent". The Verge. Retrieved 24 December 2019.
  17. Welch, Chris (9 December 2019). "Sony's MLB The Show is coming to other game consoles "as early as 2021"". The Verge. Retrieved 24 December 2019.
  18. Walton, Mark (29 February 2016). "Microsoft needs to stop forcing console-like restrictions on Windows Store PC games". Ars Technica. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
  19. Pereira, Chris (10 August 2016). "Quantum Break's Steam Release Won't Force You to Use Windows 10". GameSpot. Retrieved 12 August 2016.
  20. Grant, Christopher (10 August 2016). "Quantum Break PC getting Steam and retail release, new $40 price today". Polygon. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
  21. Warren, Tom (30 May 2019). "Microsoft's Universal Windows Platform app dream is dead and buried". The Verge. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
  22. Statt, Nick (30 May 2019). "Microsoft will distribute more Xbox titles through Steam and finally support Win32 games". The Verge. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
  23. Makuch, Eddie (10 June 2019). "Halo: The Master Chief Collection PC Pricing Announced At E3". GameSpot. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
  24. Statt, Nick (21 March 2019). "Epic Games Store chief says they'll eventually stop paying for exclusive PC games". The Verge. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
  25. Chalk, Andy (30 January 2019). "Players protest Epic's Metro Exodus exclusive by review-bombing the series on Steam". PC Gamer. Archived from the original on 5 February 2019. Retrieved 5 February 2019.
  26. Hall, Charlie (5 April 2019). "The fury over the Epic Games Store, explained". Polygon. Retrieved 5 April 2019.
  27. Statt, Nick (21 March 2019). "Epic Games Store chief says they'll eventually stop paying for exclusive PC games". The Verge. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
  28. Bakalar, Jeff (18 June 2009). "Xbox 360 exclusive gaming". CNET News. Retrieved 16 November 2009.
  29. Beaumont, Claudine (2 June 2009). "E3 2009: Is Microsoft's Natel system the future of gaming?". London: Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 16 November 2009.
  30. "E3 2009: Xbox 360 exclusives slideshow". London: Daily Telegraph. 1 June 2009. Retrieved 16 November 2009.
  31. Emery, Daniel (25 September 2009). "Video game console wars reignite". news.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 16 November 2009.
  32. Emery, Daniel (2 June 2009). "Exclusive games go multi-platform". news.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 16 November 2009.
  33. Ward, Mark (27 June 2008). "Hits and misses of Microsoft". news.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 16 November 2009.
  34. Joyce, Julian (26 September 2007). "Halo 3 central to Microsoft's strategy". BBC News. Retrieved 16 November 2009.
  35. Poeter, Damon (22 October 2013). "Nintendo Ends Production of Wii Console in Japan". PCMAG. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
  36. "The Most Influential Games Of The 21st Century: Wii Sports". GameSpot. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
  37. "Wii outsells PS3 "six to one"". BBC News. 3 July 2007. Retrieved 16 November 2009.
  38. Kuchera, Ben (5 August 2014). "The Wii U name is still hurting Nintendo". Polygon. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
  39. Ivan, Tom (2 June 2014). "Mario Kart 8 boosts UK Wii U hardware sales 666%". Computer and Video Games. Retrieved 2 June 2014.
  40. Tom Ivan (25 November 2014). "Super Smash Bros becomes fastest-selling Wii U game in the US". Computer and Video Games. Archived from the original on 28 November 2014. Retrieved 25 November 2014.
  41. Tach, Dave (29 July 2015). "Wii U sales surpass 10 million as Splatoon hits 1.6 million sold in its first month". Polygon. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
  42. "Analysis: Wii U has twice as many top-rated exclusive games as PS4 and Xbox One combined". GeekWire. 15 March 2016. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
  43. Cunningham, Andrew (3 March 2017). "A Wii U owner's send-off to a deeply flawed but essential Nintendo console". Ars Technica. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
  44. "Nintendo's Wii U has the best exclusive games of this generation". Geek.com. 23 March 2015. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
  45. Stuart, Keith (3 February 2017). "RIP Wii U: Nintendo's glorious, quirky failure". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
  46. "The Xbox One has a serious exclusive games problem". Polygon. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  47. "You won't need an Xbox to play Microsoft's next generation of games". CNET. 1 March 2016. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  48. Crecente, Brian (1 July 2016). "Xbox Play Anywhere launches Sept. 13". Polygon. Retrieved 28 September 2016.
  49. Newhouse, Alex (13 June 2017). "E3 2017: Xbox Boss Clarifies What "Console Launch Exclusive" Means". GameSpot. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.