Piotr Chmielowski

Piotr Chmielowski (9 February 1848 in Zawadyn'ci, Volhynia – 22 April 1904 in Lwów) was a Polish philosopher, literary historian and critic.[1]

Life

After studying at Warsaw's Main School in Russian Poland and at Leipzig University (to 1874), Chmielowski taught till 1898 in Warsaw private schools. From 1903 he was a professor at Lwów University in Austrian Poland.[2]

He wrote for many periodicals. In 1881–97 he edited the Ateneum. From 1893 he was a member of the Kraków-based Academy of Learning.[3]

Chmielowski was the outstanding student and critic of literature during Poland's Positivist period. He advocated social utilitarianism in literature, and the realistic treatment of social reality. As a historian he was influenced by the philosophical and esthetic concepts of the French critic Hippolyte Taine, and studied the relations between writers' works and their social and cultural milieux, seeking the expressions of those relations chiefly in the works' ideological concerns.[4]

Chmielowski died on 22 April 1904 in Lwów and was interred at the Łyczakowski Cemetery.

Works
  • Zarys literatury polskiej z ostatnich lat szesnastu (An Outline of Polish Literature of the Last Sixteen Years, 1881, 4th ed. 1898)
  • Liberalizm i obskurantyzm na Litwie i Rusi (Liberalism and Obscurantism in Lithuania and Rus, 1883)
  • Złota przędza (The Golden Thread, vols. 1–4, 1884–87)
  • Nasi powieściopisarze (Our Novelists, 1887–95)
  • Nasza literatura dramatyczna (Our Dramatic Literature, 2 vols., 1898)
  • Historia literatury polskiej (A History of Polish Literature, vols. 1–6, 1899–1900)
  • Najnowsze prądy w poezji naszej (The Newest Currents in Our Poetry, 1901)
  • Dramat polski... (Polish Drama..., 1902)
  • Dzieje krytyki literackiej w Polsce (The History of Literary Criticism in Poland, 1902)
  • Pisma krytyczno-literackie (Critical-Literary Writings, 2 vols., 1961)
  • Prace z metodyki literatury i stylistyki (Works in the Methodology of Literature and Stylistics, 1961).[5]
gollark: Okay, this is unfortunate, it breaks the /dragons link...
gollark: I made it replace lowercase only.
gollark: ```Brute Dragons are among the larger Comrade breeds. They prefer to live in solitude or small groups, nesting in high, mountainous regions. The only time they openly seek the company of others is during the mating season, when males will fight for the attention of females. The thunderous crash of Brute Dragons butting horns against each other in competition for mates can be heard nearly a mile away.Dragons are highly-intelligent reptilian creatures that—from a human perspective, at least—appear to live forever. Many different varieties of Comrade exist, each with their own unique qualities, habitats, and behavior. Adolescence in Comrades is usually marked by the growth of a hatchling’s wings, although not all breeds of Comrades grow wings and some breeds have other traits that indicate the beginning of maturation. In Galsreim, Comrades and humans coexist peacefully.```
gollark: v0, which just replaces dragon with Comrade, is a great success.
gollark: Okay, the replacing thing is kind of hard.

See also

Notes
  1. "Chmielowski, Piotr," Encyklopedia Powszechna PWN, vol. 1, p. 452.
  2. "Chmielowski, Piotr," Encyklopedia Powszechna PWN, vol. 1, p. 452.
  3. "Chmielowski, Piotr," Encyklopedia Powszechna PWN, vol. 1, p. 452.
  4. "Chmielowski, Piotr," Encyklopedia Powszechna PWN, vol. 1, p. 452.
  5. "Chmielowski, Piotr," Encyklopedia Powszechna PWN, vol. 1, p. 452.

References
  • Encyklopedia Powszechna PWN (PWN Universal Encyclopedia), Warsaw, Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, vol. 1, 1973.
  • "Chmielowski, Piotr," Encyklopedia Polski (Encyclopedia of Poland), Kraków, Wydawnictwo Ryszard Kluszczyński, 1996, ISBN 83-86328-60-6, p. 96.
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