Picovirinae

Picovirinae is a subfamily of viruses in the order Caudovirales, in the family Podoviridae. Bacteria serve as natural hosts. There are currently nine species in this subfamily, divided among 3 genera, with two of the species being unassigned to a genus.[3][4]

Picovirinae
Virus classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Duplodnaviria
Kingdom: Heunggongvirae
Phylum: Uroviricota
Class: Caudoviricetes
Order: Caudovirales
Family: Podoviridae
Subfamily: Picovirinae
Genera[1]
Synonyms[2]
  • Nanovirinae

Taxonomy

The following genera are recognized:[4]

The following species are unassigned to a genus:[4]

  • Actinomyces virus Av1
  • Mycoplasma virus P1

Two bacteriophages in this family have been found to infect and lyse Clostridium perfringens.[5] Another virus (Weissella phage phiYS61) that has been isolated is so unlike the known members that it may belong to a new genus.[6]

Structure

Viruses in Picovirinae are non-enveloped, with icosahedral or prolate heads of about 50–55 nm in diameter, and short tails. Genomes are linear, double stranded DNA, and are relatively small (between 16–20 kbp)-hence the term pico-virinae. Picoviruses package linear, monomeric genomes with a terminal protein covalently attached to each end.[3]

Life cycle

Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by adsorption into the host cell. Replication follows the DNA strand displacement model. DNA-templated transcription is the method of transcription. Bacteria serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are passive diffusion.[3] They also use a typical protein primed DNA polymerase for replication, a property shared with the Tectiviridae family.

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References
  1. "International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses". ictvonline.org. Virology Division of IUMS. 2014. Retrieved August 14, 2014.
  2. Lavigne, R.; Seto, D.; Mahadevan, P.; Ackermann, H. W.; Kropinki, A. M. (2008). "Unifying classical and molecular taxonomic classification: analysis of the Podoviridae using BLASTP-based tools". Research in Microbiology. 159 (5): 406–14. doi:10.1016/j.resmic.2008.03.005. PMID 18555669.
  3. "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
  4. "Virus Taxonomy: 2019 Release". talk.ictvonline.org. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
  5. Volozhantsev NV, Oakley BB, Morales CA, Verevkin VV, Bannov VA, Krasilnikova VM, Popova AV, Zhilenkov EL, Garrish JK, Schegg KM, Woolsey R, Quilici DR, Line JE, Hiett KL, Siragusa GR, Svetoch EA, Seal BS (2012). "Molecular characterization of podoviral bacteriophages virulent for Clostridium perfringens and their comparison with members of the Picovirinae". PLOS One. 7 (5): e38283. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...738283V. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0038283. PMC 3362512. PMID 22666499.
  6. Kleppen HP, Holo H, Jeon SR, Nes IF, Yoon SS (2012). "Novel Podoviridae family bacteriophage infecting Weissella cibaria isolated from Kimchi". Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 78 (20): 7299–308. doi:10.1128/AEM.00031-12. PMC 3457107. PMID 22885743.
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