Pertechnetate

The pertechnetate ion is an oxoanion with the chemical formula TcO⁻
₄. It is often used as a convenient water-soluble source of isotopes of the radioactive element technetium (Tc). In particular it is used to carry the ^99mTc isotope (half-life 6 hours) which is commonly used in nuclear medicine in several nuclear scanning procedures.

The structure of the technetate(VII) ion.

A technetate(VII) salt is a compound containing this ion. Pertechnetate compounds are salts of technetic(VII) acid. Pertechnetate is analogous to permanganate but it has little oxidizing power. Pertechnetate has higher oxidation power than perrhenate.[1]

Understanding pertechnate is important in understanding technetium contamination in the environment and in nuclear waste management.[1]

Compounds

Formula	name	crystal structure	cell dimensions Å	unit cell volume Å³	remarks	references
LiTcO₄	lithium pertechnate					[1]
LiTcO₄·2H₂O	lithium pertechnate monohydrate					[1]
LiTcO₄·3H₂O	lithium pertechnate trihydrate			Pt₃/mc		[1]
NaTcO₄	sodium pertechnate	tetragonal	a=5.342 c=1.874	338.91	absorbs water from atmosphere	[1]
NaTcO₄·H₂O	sodium pertechnate monohydrate					[1]
NaTcO₄·2H₂O	sodium pertechnate dihydrate					[1]
NaTcO₄·4H₂O	sodium pertechnate tetrahydrate					[1]
KTcO₄	potassium pertechnate	tetragonal	a=5.647 c=12.91	411.73	used to prepare radiopharmaceuticals	[1]
RbTcO₄	rubidium pertechnate	tetragonal	a=5.762 c=13.543	449.65		[1]
CsTcO₄	caesium pertechnate β	orthorhombic	a=5.737 b=5.92 c=14.341	486.38		[1]
CsTcO₄	caesium pertechnate α	tetragonal	a=5.898 c=14.38		high temperature >470K; volatile at high temperatures	[1]
TlTcO₄	thallium pertechnate	orthorhombic				[1]
TlTcO₄	thallium pertechnate	tetragonal			at high temperatures	[1]
NH₄TcO₄	ammonium pertechnate	tetragonal			technetium may be supplied in this form	[1]
AgTcO₄	silver pertechnate	tetragonal				[1]

Use of pertechnetate to carry technetium-99m

A technetium-99m generator provides the pertechnetate containing the short-lived isotope ^99mTc for medical uses. This compound is generated directly from molybdate held on alumina within the generator (see this topic for detail).

Uses in nuclear medicine

Pertechnetate has a wide variety of uses in diagnostic nuclear medicine. Since technetate(VII) can substitute for iodine in the Na/I symporter (NIS) channel in follicular cells of the thyroid gland, inhibiting uptake of iodine into the follicular cells, ^99mTc-pertechnetate can be used as an alternative to ¹²³I in imaging of the thyroid, although it specifically measures uptake and not organification.[2] It has also been used historically to evaluate for testicular torsion, although ultrasound is more commonly used in current practice, as it does not deliver a radiation dose to the testes. It is also used in labeling of autologus red blood cells for MUGA scans to evaluate left ventricular cardiac function, localization of gastrointestinal bleeding prior to embolization or surgical management, and in damaged red blood cells to detect ectopic splenic tissue.

It is actively accumulated and secreted by the mucoid cells of the gastric mucosa,[3] and therefore, technetate(VII) radiolabeled with Tc99m is injected into the body when looking for ectopic gastric tissue as is found in a Meckel's diverticulum with Meckel's scans.[4]

Uses of pertechnetate which do not rely on its radioactivity

All technetium salts are mildly radioactive, but some of them have explored use of the element for its chemical properties. In these uses, its radioactivity is incidental, and generally the least radioactive (longest-lived) isotopes of Tc are used. In particular, ⁹⁹Tc (half-life 211,000 years) is used in corrosion research, because it is the decay product of the easily obtained commercial ^99mTc isotope,[1] which is its nuclear isomer. In theory, the longest-lived technetium isotope, ⁹⁸Tc (half-life 4.2 million years), would be the optimal isotope for this use.

Solutions of technetate(VII) react with the surface of iron to form technetium dioxide, in this way it is able to act as an anodic corrosion inhibitor.[5]

gollark: Instead of using something something backpropagation to optimise the match between the text and VQGAN output image a neural network is used to approximate that.

gollark: There's "feedforward CLIP VQGAN" or something which is *much* faster but worse.

gollark: Anyway, excluding the tensor cores and VRAM, standard colab's T4s are worse than a 1080 Ti. The K80 is worse than most recent things and you often get those now.

gollark: If you use it heavily you may as well just buy a P100 on eBay, they're "just" £600 or so now.

gollark: It's worse now! There's a Pro+ for 5 times as much and Pro people mostly get T4s.

References

Weaver, Jamie; Soderquist, Chuck Z.; Washton, Nancy M.; Lipton, Andrew S.; Gassman, Paul L.; Lukens, Wayne W.; Kruger, Albert A.; Wall, Nathalie A.; McCloy, John S. (21 February 2017). "Chemical Trends in Solid Alkali Pertechnetates". Inorganic Chemistry. 56 (5): 2533–2544. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02694. PMID 28221786.
Ryo, U.Y.; Vaidya, P.V.; Schneider, A.B.; Bekerman, C; Pinsky, S.M. (1983). "Thyroid imaging agents: a comparison of I-123 and Tc-99m pertechnetate". Radiology. 148 (3): 819–822. doi:10.1148/radiology.148.3.6308711. PMID 6308711.
Nuclear Imaging of Meckel's Diverticulum: A Pictorial Essay of Pitfalls Archived 2012-01-17 at the Wayback Machine S. Huynh, M.D., R. Amin, M.D., B. Barron, M.D., R. Dhekne, M.D., P. Nikolaidis, M.D., L. Lamki, M.D.. University of Texas Houston Medical School and Memorial Hermann - Texas Medical Center (TMC), St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital and Texas Children Hospital, Houston, Texas. Last Modified September 5, 2007
Diamond, Robert; Rothstein, Robin; Alavi, Abass (1991). "The Role of Cimetidine-Enhanced Technetium 99m-Pertechnetate Imaging for Visualizing Meckel's Diverticulum" (PDF). The Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 32 (7): 1422–1424.
Cartledge, G. H. (1973). "Twenty-Year Inhibition of Corrosion by the Pertechnetate Ion". Corrosion. 29 (9): 361–362. doi:10.5006/0010-9312-29.9.361.