People's Party (Montenegro, 1906)
The People's Party (Montenegrin: Народна странка, Narodna stranka, NS), known as klubaši or narodnjaci, was a political party formed in 1906, active in the Principality of Montenegro and later Kingdom of Montenegro, led by Šako Petrović, which represented the opposition to Prince/King Nikola of Montenegro. The parties political credo was the unification of Montenegro and Serbia, and dethroning of the Petrović-Njegoš dynasty.[1]
People's Party Народна странка Narodna stranka | |
|---|---|
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| Leader | Andrija Radović Marko Radulović Mihailo Ivanović |
| Founder | Šako Petrović-Njegoš |
| Founded | 1905 |
| Dissolved | 1919 |
| Merged into | People's Radical Party Yugoslav Democratic Party |
| Headquarters | Cetinje |
| Newspaper | Narodna misao |
| Military wing | Montenegrin Whites |
| Ideology | National conservatism Conservative liberalism Serbian-Montenegrin unionism Yugoslav unionism |
| Political position | Centre-right to right-wing |
| Colours | Red, light blue and white (Pan-Slavic tricolor) |
As a response to the formation of the People's Party, in 1907 loyalists organised themselves into the True People's Party.
Background
The Assembly of Montenegro was formed by the 1905 Constitution. The People's Party was first formed in 1906, when 27 deputies of the Assembly of Montenegro (out of 60, elected in 1905 election for the Constitutional Assembly) decided to form a club which would oppose the absolutist rule of Prince (later King) Nikola I Petrović-Njegoš. The parliament had only limited oversight authority, with Nikola I ruling almost single-handedly. Following the 1905 Constitution of the Princedom of Montenegro; this was challenged by the Parliament, which established the Club of People's Deputies (Klub narodnih poslanika), which resulted in the nickname klubaši (club members).
History
The Club was transformed into the People's Party in the beginning of 1907.[2] The party entered parliamentary life when the mandate to the crown became the representative of the parliament majority.[3] Mihailo Ivanović, the leader of the party, succeeded the government after Lazar Mijušković, upon which he governed the so-called "Klubaši government" (klubaška vlada) under the presidency of Marko Radulović on 24 November 1906.[3] The programme and statute were made by Mihailo Ivanović, Milosav Raičević, Mitar Vukčević and Ljubomir Bakić, all members of parliament.[4] The party printed Narodni misao.
The party followed the "Serbian Idea" (Pan-Serbism), and parallel support for the "Yugoslav Idea" (Yugoslavism), which they saw as being of perspective and should result in the establishment of South Slavic states.[2] The Party's goals were establishing democracy in Montenegro by transferring rule from the Monarch to the people, unification with Serbia and liberation of the rest of the Serb and South Slavic-populated lands under the Ottoman Empire and the Habsburg Monarchy. Their other aims were education and enlightenment of the people.
In September 1907 the People's Party decided to boycott the elections as a mark of protest against Nicholas' bad relations with Serbia. The party was suppressed by Prince Nikola, who dissolved the Montenegrin assembly in 1907 and then formed the True People's Party for his supporters.[5] The True People's Party (pravaši) was the sole option on the elections and was thus elected to the Parliament.[6] The pravaši supported Nicholas' rule and proclaimed him King in 1910.
At the 1914 election, the People's Party, which had been banned for more than seven years, won the absolute majority of votes and 25 MPs with the platform of unification of Montenegro with Serbia, whilst the governing True People's Party won just four elected seats. Shortly after the election Party formed a parliamentary majority of 44 seats in alliance with the group rallied around a former True People's Party leader Lazar Mijušković, which won 17 seats.
The party played a key role in the November 1918 Podgorica Assembly voting the abolition of the Montenegrin state, dethroning of the Petrović-Njegoš dynasty and declaring unconditionally annexation Montenegro to Kingdom of Serbia.
Legacy
It was the first party in Montenegro.[4] It was the only civil party in Montenegro until 1918.[2] The new party named after the historical People's Party was established in 1990, after fall of communist regime and the introducion of multi-party system, regarded itself as the moral and spiritual heir of the historical party.[7]
Election results
| Election | Seats | Change | Government | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1905 | 27 / 60 |
 |
Club of People's Deputies, formally independents. | |
| 1906 | 51 / 76 |
|
People's Party + aligned independents. | |
| 1907 | 0 / 76 |
 |
Boycotted, Party banned shortly after the election. | |
| 1911 | 9 / 62 |
|
Party members, formally independents.[8] | |
| 1914 | 25 / 62 |
|
People's Party dissolved in 1919. |
Sources
- Jelavich, Barbara (1983). History of the Balkans:. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-27459-3.
- Pavlovic, Srdja (2008). Balkan Anschluss: The Annexation of Montenegro and the Creation of the Common South Slavic State. Purdue University Press. ISBN 978-1-55753-465-1.
- Mihailo Maletić (1976). Crna Gora. Književne novine.
- Vasilije Krestić; Radoš Ljušić (1991). Programi i statuti srpskih političkih stranaka do 1918. godine. Izdavačka kuća Književne novine.
References
- Srđa Pavlović (2008). Balkan Anschluss: Annexation of Montenegro and the creation of the Common South Slavic State. Purdue University Press. p. 43.
- Mijat Šuković (1999). Jugoslavija na razmeđu epoha: radovi na naučnog skupa, Podgorica, 29-30. septembar 1998. Crnogorska akademija nauka i umjetnosti. p. 402.
- Glasnik Srpskog istorijsko-kulturnog društva "Njegoš". Njegoš. 1958. p. 18.
- Krestić & Ljušić 1991.
- Jelavich 1983, p. 36.
- "Montenegro", The Times, 15 October 1907
- Jubilej Narodne stranke, najstarije političke organizacije u Crnoj Gori IN4S
- "Prilog počecima parlamentarizma u Crnoj Gori", Jovan B. Markuš