Parnassiinae

The Parnassiinae or snow Apollos are a subfamily of the swallowtail butterfly family, Papilionidae. The subfamily includes about 50 medium-sized, white or yellow species.[1] The snow Apollos are high-altitude butterflies and are distributed across Asia, Europe and North America.[2]

Parnassiinae
Small Apollo (Parnassius phoebus)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Papilionidae
Subfamily: Parnassiinae
Tribes

See text

Tribes
Parnassinae
Parnassiini
 

Hypermnestra

 
 

Parnassius

 
 
Luehdorfiini
 
 

Archon

 
 

Doritites bosniackii

 
 
 

Luehdorfia

 
 
Zerythiini
 

Sericinus

 
 
 

Bhutanitis

 
 
 

Zerynthia

 
 

Allancastria

 
 
 
 
 

? Thaites

 
 
A proposed phylogeny of the Parnassius and related groups.[3]

This subfamily consists of the following tribes:

gollark: =tex Apioform
gollark: == print("Bees")
gollark: == println("Bees")
gollark: oh bees oh no.
gollark: =tex `\sum_{\sum_{\sum_{\sum}^{\sum}}^{\sum_{\sum}^{\sum}}}^{\sum_{\sum_{\sum}^{\sum}}^{\sum_{\sum}^{\sum}}}`

References
  1. The Butterflies of North America, James A. Scott, ISBN 0-8047-1205-0, 1986
  2. Ackery PR (1975) A guide to the genera and species of Parnassiinae (Lepidoptera:Papilionidae). Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 31, 4 pdf
  3. Nazari, V., Zakharov, E.V., and Sperling, F.A.H., 2007. Phylogeny, historical biogeography, and taxonomic ranking of Parnassiinae (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae) based on morphology and seven genes. Molecular phylogenetics and Evolution, 42: 131-156. pdf Archived June 6, 2011, at the Wayback Machine

Further reading
  • Glassberg, Jeffrey Butterflies through Binoculars, The West (2001)
  • Guppy, Crispin S. and Shepard, Jon H. Butterflies of British Columbia (2001)
  • James, David G. and Nunnallee, David Life Histories of Cascadia Butterflies (2011)
  • Pelham, Jonathan Catalogue of the Butterflies of the United States and Canada (2008)
  • Pyle, Robert Michael The Butterflies of Cascadia (2002)
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