Pagėgiai
Pagėgiai (
Pagėgiai | |
|---|---|
City | |
 | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Pagėgiai Location of Pagėgiai | |
| Coordinates: 55°8′0″N 21°55′0″E | |
| Country |  |
| Ethnographic region | Lithuania Minor |
| County | Tauragė County |
| Municipality | Pagėgiai municipality |
| Eldership | Pagėgiai eldership |
| Capital of | Pagėgiai eldership |
| Granted city rights | 1923 |
| Population (2005) | |
| • Total | 2,321 |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
| Website | http://www.pagegiai.lt |
Name
The name of the town literally means "at Gėgė" (gegis: grove of alders, hay meadows, fields) and it is believed that the Gėgė river (also Gäge, Jäge) once flowed through the town.
History
Interwar period
When the Treaty of Versailles came in effect in January 1920, Memelland and the city, located north of the Niemen River were detached from East Prussia and placed under a League of Nations protectorate. In early 1921 attempts for a Customs Union between Memel and Lithuania were adjourned, mainly due to the de facto position of both State and government of Lithuania at that point in the eyes of the Western Allies.[1]
The northern trans-Niemen parts of the East Prussian Kreis Ragnit and both Landkreis and Stadtkreis Tilsit, which had been established in 1818, as well as Gutsbezirk Perwallkischken were combined on 27 January 1920 into a new Kreis Pogegen, with Pogenen as the county town.
Achieving formal State recognition, Lithuania, on January 10, 1923, imitating the Polish seizure of Vilna, made a surprise attack upon the Memel territory and city, still under League protection, forcing, with some street fighting, the League's French High Commissioner and his troops there to surrender and evacuate. The Allies and the League of Nations confronted with another fait accompli were forced to accept another humiliation.[2]
Lithuania renamed the Memeland region Pagėgiai Apskritis.
The majority German population in Memel never ceased agitating for a return to Germany of both city and the Memeland, and after conferences between the German & Lithuanian Government representatives in March 1939, an Agreement was reached and signed on March 23 transferring Memel and her territory back to German sovereignty.[3] The former name "Landkreis Pogegen" was resumed. It consisted of 164 Landgemeinden with less than 2,000 inhabitants, and 34 Gutsbezirke. The largest community was Schmalleningken with a pop. of 1,700. Pogegen and the community of Wischwill had 1,400 each.
Landkreis Pogegen was dissolved on 1 October 1939 in order to re-unite the area with the larger cities south of Niemen river, and structures similar to pre-1920 were established.
After World War II
When Lithuania was occupied by the Soviet Union for the second time in 1944 and the Subdivisions of Lithuania were changed into that of districts, Pagėgiai became one of only a few towns that were interwar apskritis capitals which did not become district capitals. When the municipality reform took place in independent Lithuania in 2000, Pagėgiai municipality was carved out of Šilutė district and thus Pagėgiai became the capital of an administrative unit again.
The coat of arms of the town and the municipality depicts a bird with a key, which symbolises the border nature of the area (now with Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia). A Lithuanian border guard unit is stationed in Pagėgiai.
References
- Butler/Bury/Lambert, editors, Documents on British Foreign Policy 1919-1939, First Series, vol.xi, HMSO, London, 1961, p.732, telegram 696 where Lord Curzon points out to Lord Harding (Paris) that both the state and the government of Lithuania were at present de facto only.
- Powell, E.Alexander, Embattled Borders, London, 1928, p.313-4.
- Watt, Donald Cameron, How War Came, London, 1989, p.156-7. ISBN 0-434-84216-8
