Order of merit

An order of merit is an honorific order that is conferred by a state, government, royal family, or other sovereign entity to an individual in recognition of military or civil merit. The historical background of the modern honours system of orders of merit may be traced to the emergence of orders of chivalry in the Middle Ages.

The cross of the Order pro Merito Melitensi, an order of merit established in 1920 by the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, an independent, Catholic order of chivalry and sovereign entity.

Orders of merit may be bestowed as official awards by states or as dynastic orders by royal families. In the case of modern republics, an order of merit may constitute the highest award conferred by the state authority.

National orders of merit

Order of Merit of the Bavarian Crown, established in 1808
Indian Order of Merit, established in 1837
National Order of Merit (Paraguay), established in 1865[1]
Order of Agricultural Merit, established in 1883
Order of Merit, a Commonwealth order established in 1902 by King Edward VII
Order pro Merito Melitensi, established in 1920 as a state decoration by the Sovereign Military Order of Malta
Order of Merit (Lebanon), established in 1922 as the highest honour of the Republic of Lebanon
Order of Civil Merit, Spain, established in 1926
National Order of Honour and Merit (Haiti), established in 1926
Order of Merit (Portugal), established in 1927, known by its current name since 1976
Order of Merit (Chile), established in 1929
Ordre du Mérite Maritime, established in 1930
Order of Merit of the Principality of Liechtenstein, established in 1937
Military Order of Merit (Iran), established in 1937
National Order of Merit (Brazil), established in 1946
Order of Civic Merit of Laos, established in 1950
Order of Merit of the Italian Republic, established in 1951 as the highest honour of the Italian Republic
Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany, established in 1951 as the highest honour of the Federal Republic of Germany
Order of Merit of the Austrian Republic, established in 1952 as the highest honour of the Austrian Republic
Order of Civil Merit of the Syrian Arab Republic, established in 1953
Order of Merit (Egypt), established in 1953
Ordre des Palmes Académiques, established in 1955
Order of Central African Merit, established in 1959 as the highest civil decoration of the Central African Republic
Order of Merit of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, established in 1961
National Order of Merit (Mauritania), established in 1961
Ordre national du Mérite (France), established in 1963
Order of Merit (Jamaica), established in 1968
Order of Ivory Merit, established in 1970
Order of Merit (Cameroon), established in 1972
Order of Merit (Malaysia), established in 1975 as the highest honour of Malaysia
Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland, established in 1974
National Order of Merit (Algeria), established in 1984
Royal Norwegian Order of Merit, established in 1985
National Order of Merit (Malta), established in 1990 as the highest honour of the Republic of Malta
Order of Merit and Management, established in 1990
Order of Merit of the Republic of Turkey, established in 1990
Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary, established in 1991
Order of Work Glory, established in 1992
Order "For Merit to the Fatherland", established in 1994
Order of Merit (Ukraine), established in 1996
Order of Merit of the Bahamas, established in 1996
New Zealand Order of Merit, established in 1996
Order of Merit (Antigua and Barbuda), established in 1998
Order For Merit (Romania), a Romanian order, established in 2000
Order of Merit of the Police Forces, established in 2000
Order for Merits to Lithuania, established in 2002
National Order of Merit (Bhutan), established in 2008
Tuvalu Order of Merit was founded 2016 as the highest honour of Tuvalu

Dynastic orders of merit

Order of Merit of Savoy, established in 1988 by the House of Savoy
Order of Merit of the Portuguese Royal House, established in 1993 by the House of Braganza

Defunct

Pour le Mérite (1740-1918), the highest order of merit of Kingdom of Prussia founded in 1740 by King Frederick II of Prussia
Order of Saint Michael (Bavaria) (1693–1918), founded in 1693 by Archbishop-Elector Joseph Clemens of Bavaria of Cologne, as a military order 1693–1803 and as an order of merit open to the Catholic nobility 1803-1918
Indian Order of Merit (1837–1947), a military and civilian decoration of British India

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References

Gillingham, Harrold E. (1970). South American Decorations and War Medals. Lenard L. Babin (Reprint ed.). New York: The American Numismatic Society. pp. 136–137 – via Internet Archive.

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[:0-1] Gillingham, Harrold E. (1970). South American Decorations and War Medals. Lenard L. Babin (Reprint ed.). New York: The American Numismatic Society. pp. 136–137 – via Internet Archive.

Order of merit

National orders of merit

Dynastic orders of merit

Defunct

See also

References