Occitan Valleys

The Occitan Valleys (Occitan: Valadas Occitanas, Italian: Valli Occitane, French: Vallées Occitanes) are the part of Occitania (the territory of the Occitan language) within the borders of Italy. It is a mountainous region in the southern Alps. Most of its valleys are oriented eastward and descend toward the plains of Piedmont.

Map of the Occitan Valleys.
A. Communes that declared to be Occitan-speaking according to the Italian law 482/99[1]
B. Communes that declared to be partly Occitan-speaking according to the Italian law 482/99
C. Communes of the valleys that did not declare to be Occitan-speaking according to the Italian law 482/99
D. Communes that declared to be Francoprovençal-speaking according to the Italian law 482/99[2]
E. Communes that declared to be French-speaking according to the Italian law 482/99[3]
Other boundaries
F. Italian communes of the Marquisate of Dolceacqua and other dependencies of the County of Nice[4]
G. Approximative boundary of the Occitan valleys[5]
H. Boundary of Occitan language according to IRES of Piedmont, where it differs from G[6]
I. Boundary of the Occitan-language according to the IEO, where it differs from G[7]
J. Northern boundary of the brigasc-royasc area
K. Approximative boundary of the Occitan language
L. Approximative boundary of the Old Occitan[8]
M. Eastern boundary of the county of Nice
N. Eastern boundary of the department of Alpes-Maritimes (1793-1814)
O. Eastern boundary of the province of Nice (1859-1860)]
P. Eastern boundary of non diphtongation [9]
Q. Eastern boundary of /bew/ vs /biw/ [10]

The area has a population of 174,476 inhabitants (July, 2013). Its major towns are Lo Borg Sant Dalmatz (Borgo San Dalmazzo), Buscha (Busca), Boves (Bueves) and Draonier (Dronero).

The Occitan linguistic enclave of La Gàrdia (Guardia Piemontese) in Calabria does not belong to the Occitan Valleys.

A 1999 Italian law ("Law 482") provides for the protection of linguistic minorities, including Occitan.[11]

Communities with clear Occitan presence before the 482/99 Act

These are the villages where an autochthonous Provençal-speaking community has surely settled and may still speak the language. Around 35% of the population (stats by Enrico Allasino, IRES 2005 and IRES Piemonte no.113/2007) declared to be able to speak or understand the local Provençal language, with various levels of proficiency. Italian and Piedmontese are spoken by the majority of the people in the area, and the patois is much influenced by both the other two languages.

Val d'OrsUpper Susa Valley
BardoneschaBardonecchia
CesanaCesana Torinese
ChaumontChiomonte
Las ClavierasClaviere
ExilhasExilles
Ols or OrsOulx
SalbertrandSalbertrand
Lo Grand SauzeSauze di Cesana
Lo Sauze (d'Ors)Sauze d'Oulx
La SestrieraSestriere
Val ClusonAlta Val Chisone
FinoistrèlasFenestrelle
PraamòlPramollo
PrajalatsPragelato
Lo RoreRoure
UsseausUsseaux
Val Sant Martin
Val Sopata		Val Germanasca
PomaretPomaretto
MassèlMassello
Lo PerierPerrero
PraalPrali
SalsaSalza di Pinerolo
Val Pèlis Val Pellice
AngrònhaAngrogna
BuèbiBobbio Pellice
La TorTorre Pellice
Lo VialarVillar Pellice
Val PòAlta Valle Po
OstanaOstana
Val VarachaVal Varaita
BlinsBellino
ChastèldalfinCasteldelfino
FraisseFrassino
Lo MèlMelle
Pont e la ChanalPontechianale
Sant PèireSampeyre
ValmalaValmala
VenaschaVenasca
Val MairaVal Maira
AcelhAcceglio
"Cartinhan"Cartignano
ChanuelhasCanosio
CèlasCelle di Macra
ElvaElva
L'ArmaMacra
La MàrmolMarmora
PratsPrazzo
San DumianSan Damiano Macra
EstròpStroppo
Val GranaValle Grana
ChastèlmanhCastelmagno
MontrósMonterosso Grana
PradieviPradleves
Val d'EsturaValle Stura
AisonAisone
L'ArgentieraArgentera
DemontDemonte
PèirapuercPietraporzio
La RòcaRoccasparvera
SambucSambuco
VinaiVinadio
Val GesValle Gesso
EntraigasEntracque
RoaschaRoaschia
VaudierValdieri
Val VermenanhaVal Vermenagna
LimonLimone Piemonte
RobilantRobilante
Lou VernantVernante

Communities whose patois community is extinct

In these communities, apart of Italian, the most spoken language is Piedmontese. In the past, in the lower Val Chisone, Waldensian communities were the major part of the population. Chisone, Pellice and Germanasca Valleys were referred as "Waldensian Valleys" and the local Provençal speech was called "Waldesian language", and it was opposed to the language of the Catholic population which was Piedmontese. The Lower Chisone Valley in the 20th century had a rapid industrial growth, and since then the Waldensian was replaced by Piedmontese in the most bustled villages. In Oncino and Crissolo the local patois disappeared after a dramatic depopulation.

Val ClusonVal Chisone
L'Envèrs de PinaschaInverso Pinasca
PeirosaPerosa Argentina
PinaschaPinasca
PrustinPrarostino
San GemanSan Germano Chisone
Lis VialarsVillar Perosa
Val PoValle Po
CriçòlCrissolo
OncinOncino

Communities claimed to be Occitan since the 482/99 Act

These are the communities which are referred as "Occitan" in the text of the 482/99 Act, and by the agency of linguistic safeguard Chambra d'Oc, even if there was no previous source which supported this appellation. All these villages and towns lack the historical rootedness of the linguistic minority, because no linguist noticed any Occitan presence before the law. In these cases the Provençal translation of the place name doesn't exist, or it's an exonym used by the patoisants of the upper valleys to indicate the lower valley settlements, or it is the transliteration in Occitan orthography of the Piedmontese/Ligurian toponym.

Val ClusonAlta Val Chisone
Las PòrtasPorte
-Pinerolese
Campilhon e FenilCampiglione-Fenile
CantalobaCantalupa
FrussascFrossasco
PinairòlPinerolo
RoletRoletto
'Sant Pière San Pietro Val Lemina
San SegondSan Secondo di Pinerolo
Val PèlisVal Pellice
Bibiana -Bibiana
Bricairàs -Bricherasio
Luserna e San JanLuserna San Giovanni
LusernètaLusernetta
Val Infernòt e Plana PadanaValle Infernotto e Pianura Padana
BargeBarge
BanhòlBagnolo Piemonte
EnvieEnvie
RevèlRevello
Val PòValle Po
BrondèlBrondello
CastelarCastellar
GambascaGambasca
MartinhanaMartiniana Po
PaisanaPaesana
PanhPagno
RifredRifreddo
Sant FròntSanfront
Val VarachaVal Varaita
BrossascBrossasco
IsaschaIsasca
PeascPiasco
RossanaRossana
Val MairaVal Maira
BuscaBusca
DraonierDronero
La RòcaRoccabruna
Lo VilarVillar San Costanzo
Val GranaValle Grana
BernèsBernezzo
CaralhCaraglio
CervascaCervasca
MontomalMontemale di Cuneo
ValgranaValgrana
Val d'EsturaValle Stura
Lo BorgBorgo San Dalmazzo
GaiòlaGaiola
MoiòlaMoiola
RitanaRittana
ValàuriaValloriate
VinhòlVignolo
Val GesValle Gesso
RocavionRoccavione
Region de MondòviMondovì neighbourhood
Frabosa SobranaFrabosa Soprana
Frabosa SotanaFrabosa Sottana
RoburentRoburent
RòcafòrtRoccaforte Mondovì
VilanòvaVillanova Mondovì
Val PesValle Pesio
Bueves -Boves
La Clusa -Chiusa di Pesio
PoranhPeveragno
Tèrra BrigascaUpper Tanaro Valley
Ra Briga AutaBriga Alta
ViosènaViozene di Ormea
ReaudRealdo di Triora
VerdejaVerdeggia di Triora
Val RòiaRoja Valley
AurivetaOlivetta San Michele
gollark: Summarizing things is hard so I might as well point you to this reddit thread: https://www.reddit.com/r/slatestarcodex/comments/hef5es/hi_what_was_slate_star_codex/
gollark: ... was.
gollark: It's a somewhat popular blog on the internet.
gollark: https://slatestarcodex.com/2020/06/22/nyt-is-threatening-my-safety-by-revealing-my-real-name-so-i-am-deleting-the-blog/
gollark: Especially given that the NYT does seem to have *not* insisted on real names on some other stuff.

See also

References
  1. "La minoranza linguistica occitana" Archived 2015-08-22 at the Wayback Machine, site of the Region of Piedmont.
  2. "La minoranza linguistica francoprovenzale" Archived 2018-05-13 at the Wayback Machine, site of the Region of Piedmont.
  3. "La minoranza linguistica francese" Archived 2018-05-14 at the Wayback Machine, site of the Region of Piedmont.
  4. Girolamo Rossi. Storia del marchesato di Dolceacqua e dei comuni di Pigna e Castelfranco. Oneglia: Tipografia di Giovanni Grilini. 1862. Read online.
  5. According to the Atlante delle Minoranze Linguistiche del Piemonte e della Provincia di Imperia.
  6. Enrico Allasino, Consuelo Ferrier, Sergio Scamuzzi, Tullio Telmon. Le lingue del Piemonte.
  7. Institut d'études occitanes. "Comunas occitanas d'Itàlia", site luòcs.
  8. Ernst Hirsch. Provenzalische Mundarttexte aus Piemont. Tübingen: Niemeyer Max Verlag GmbH, 1978.
  9. Franco Bronzat. "Lingua “valdese” e occitano alpino: parentele morfo-fonetiche e lessicali". Bolletino della Società di Studi Valdesi. N°197. Dicembre 2005. pp 69-112.
  10. Franco Bronzat. "Lingua “valdese” e occitano alpino: parentele morfo-fonetiche e lessicali". Bolletino della Società di Studi Valdesi. N°197. Dicembre 2005. pp 69-112.
  11. Loi du 15 décembre 1999, no 482 en italien et en français

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