Oeyo
Oeyo (於江与), Gō (江), Ogō (小督) or Satoko (達子) : 1573 – September 15, 1626) was a prominently-placed female figure in late-Sengoku period. She was daughter of Oichi and the sister of Yodo-dono and Ohatsu. When she rose in higher political status during the Tokugawa shogunate, she took the title of "Ōmidaidokoro". Following the fall of the Council of Five Elders, Oeyo and her sisters were key figures in maintaining a diplomatic relationship between the two most powerful clans of their time, Toyotomi and Tokugawa. Due to her great contributions to politics at the beginning of the Edo period she was posthumously inducted into the Junior First Rank of the Imperial Court, the second highest honor that could be conferred by the Emperor of Japan.
於江与 Oeyo | |
---|---|
Portrait of Oeyo | |
Born | Ogo (小督) 1573 |
Died | October 26, 1626 (aged ~53 years) Edo Castle, Musashi, Japan |
Partner(s) | Saji Kazunari Toyotomi Hidekatsu Tokugawa Hidetada |
Parent(s) | Oichi Azai Nagamasa |
Relatives | |
Honours | Junior First Rank (従一位, 1626) |
Oeyo married three times, first to Saji Kazunari, her cousin, then to Toyotomi Hideyoshi's nephew, Toyotomi Hidekatsu. She had a daughter with Hidekatsu named Toyotomi Sadako later married Kujō Yukiie. Her third and last husband Tokugawa Hidetada became the second Tokugawa shōgun. She was also the mother of his successor Iemitsu, the third shōgun. She had Senhime, Tamahime, Katsuhime, Hatsuhime, Takechiyo (Iemitsu), and Tadanaga. Hatsuhime was adopted by Oeyo's sister Ohatsu, who is the wife of Kyōgoku Takatsugu.
Surviving record books from merchants of luxury goods provide insight into patterns of patronage and taste amongst the privileged class of women like Oeyo and her sisters.[1]
Genealogy
Oeyo, also known as Ogō, was the third and youngest daughter of the Sengoku-period daimyō Azai Nagamasa. Her mother, Oichi was the younger sister of Oda Nobunaga.[2] Toyotomi Hideyoshi became the adoptive father and protector of Oeyo in the period before her marriage.[3]
Oeyo's oldest sister, styled Yodo-dono, Cha-Cha in birth name, was a prominent concubine of Hideyoshi who gave birth to his heir, Toyotomi Hideyori.[2]
Oeyo's middle sister, Ohatsu was the wife of Kyōgoku Takatsugu and the mother of Kyōgoku Tadataka.[2]
Family
- Father: Azai Nagamasa
- Mother: Oichi
- Step-Father: Shibata Katsuie
- Foster Father: Toyotomi Hideyoshi
- Husbands:
- Saji Kazunari (m. 1583 div. 1584)
- Toyotomi Hidekatsu (m. 1591–1592)
- Tokugawa Hidetada
- Children:
by Hidekatsu
- Toyotomi Sadako (1592–1658), adopted by Toyotomi Hideyoshi and Yodo-dono later married Kujō Yukiie and later adopted by Tokugawa Hidetada
by Hidetada
- Senhime
- Tamahime
- Katsuhime
- Hatsuhime
- Tokugawa Iemitsu
- Tokugawa Tadanaga
- Tokugawa Masako
Timeline
- 1573: Born
- 1573: Azai Nagamasa and Manpukumaru committed suicide, Oichi and her daughters returned to Oda clan.
- 1579: Moved to Azuchi Castle from Ise-Ueno Castle
- 1582: Oda Nobunaga was betrayed
- 1582: Oichi married to Shibata Katsuie
- 1583: Shibata Katsuie and Oichi committed suicide
- 1583: Married Saji Kazunari
- 1584: Divorced with Saji Kazunari
- 1587: Ohatsu married Kyōgoku Takatsugu
- 1589: Yodo-dono gave birth to Toyotomi Tsurumatsu
- 1591: Yodo-dono's son, Toyotomi Tsurumatsu died
- 1591: Married with Toyotomi Hidekatsu and moved to Jurakudai
- 1592: Toyotomi Hidekatsu died
- 1592: Gave birth to Toyotomi Sadako
- 1593: Yodo-dono gave birth to Toyotomi Hideyori
- 1595: Toyotomi Hidetsugu committed suicide and Jurakudai was dismantled
- 1595: Married Tokugawa Hidetada.[3]
- 1597: May 26: Gave birth to Sen-hime
- 1599: Aug. 1: Gave birth to Tama-hime (died 9 August 1622)
- 1601: June 12: Gave birth to Katsu-hime (died 20 March 1672)
- 1601: Tamahime married Maeda Toshitsune
- 1602: Aug. 25: Gave birth to Hatsu-hime (died 16 April 1630)
- 1603: Senhime married to Toyotomi Hideyori
- 1603: June 3: Toyotomi Sadako married Kujō Yukiie
- 1604: Aug. 12: Gave birth to Iemitsu
- 1605: Hidetada becomes shogun
- 1606: June 12: Gave birth to Tadanaga
- 1607: Nov. 23: Gave birth to Matsu-hime Tokugawa Masako
- 1607: Sadahime gave birth to Nijō Yasumichi
- 1607: Hatsu-hime married Kyōgoku Tadataka
- 1609: Sadahime gave birth to Kujō Michifusa
- 1611: Katsuhime married Matsudaira Tadanao
- 1613: Tamahime give birth to Kametsuru-hime
- 1615: Toyotomi Hideyori and his mother Yodo-dono committed suicide, Osaka Castle burned and Senhime returned to Tokugawa Family.
- 1615: Sadahime gave birth to Matsudono Michimoto
- 1615: Tamahime gave birth to Maeda Mitsutaka
- 1616: Tamahime gave birth to Eihime
- 1616: Senhime married to Honda Tadatoki
- 1616: Katsuhime gave birth to Matsudaira Mitsunaga
- 1617: Tamahime's daughter, Eihime died
- 1617: Tamahime gave birth to Maeda Toshitsugu
- 1617: Katsuhime gave birth to Kamehime
- 1618: Senhime gave birth to (Honda) Katsuhime
- 1618: Tamahime gave birth to Maeda Toshiharu
- 1618: (Tokugawa) Katsuhime gave birth to Tsuruhime
- 1619: Senhime gave birth to Kochiyo
- 1619: Tamahime gave birth to Mitsuhime
- 1620: Masako married Emperor Go-Mizunoo
- 1621: Senhime's son, Kochiyo died
- 1621: Tamahime gave birth to Tomihime
- 1622: Katsuhime divorced Matsudaira Tadanao and went back to Tokugawa clan with her children.
- 1622: Tamahime gave birth to Natsuhime and died during childbirth
- 1623: daughter of Tamahime, Natsuhime died
- 1623: Iemitsu becomes shogun
- 1623: Iemitsu married Takaatsukasa Takako
- 1624: Tokugawa Masako gave birth to Empress Meishō
- 1625: Masako gave birth to Onna-ni-no-Miya
- 1626: Honda Tadatoki died, Senhime went back to Tokugawa Family with her daughter
- 1626: Died while Hidetada and Iemitsu were in Kyoto
- 1626: Received the posthumous court rank of Jūichi-i
Burial
After Hidetada resigned the government to his eldest son in 1623, Oeyo took a Buddhist name, Sūgen'in (崇源院) or Sogenin. Her mausoleum can be found at Zōjō-ji in the Shiba neighborhood of Tokyo.[4]
Honours
- Junior First Rank (November 28, 1626; posthumous)
Taiga drama
NHK's 2011 Taiga drama, Gō: Himetachi no Sengoku, is based on the life of Oeyo who is played by the actress Juri Ueno.[5][6]
Notable Descendants
Together with Odai no Kata (Ieyasu's mother) and Lady Saigo (mother of Hidetada), Oeyo was the matriarch who stabilized the Tokugawa shogunate. Her descendants became shoguns, aristocrats and other prominent political figures. It is speculated that her son, Iemitsu, was the last direct male descendant of Tokugawa Ieyasu, thus ending the patrilineality of the shogunate for the third generation.
- Toyotomi Sadako
- Matsudono Michiaki (1616–1646)
- Nijō Yasumichi
- Kujō Michifusa
- a daughter married Kujō Kaneharu
- Kujō Sukezane
- Kujō Morotaka
- Zuisho-in married Tokugawa Yoshimichi
- Kujō Yukinori
- Kujō Naozane
- Kujō Michisaki
- Nijō Munemoto
- Nijō Shigeyori (1751–1768)
- Nijō Harutaka
- Nijō Narimichi (1781–1798)
- Kujō Suketsugu
- Saionji
- a daughter married Tokugawa Nariatsu
- a daughter married Matsudaira Yoritsugu of Hitachi-Fuchū Domain
- Kujō Hisatada
- Kujō Asako (女御 (nyōgo)) to Emperor Kōmei
- Imperial Princess Junko Naishinnō
- Imperial Princess Fuku
- Michitaka
- Matsuzono Hisayoshi
- Tsurudono Tadayoshi
- Takatsukasa Hiromichi
- Nobusuke Takatsukasa
- Takatsukasa Nobuhiro (1892–1981)
- Nijō Motohiro
- Kujō Asako (女御 (nyōgo)) to Emperor Kōmei
- Nijō Narinobu
- Nijō Nariyuki
- Nijō Masamaro
- Nijō Toyomoto (1909–1944)
- Nijō Tamemoto (1911–1985)
- Nijō Masamaro
- Nijō Nariyuki
- Nijō Suiko married Nabeshima Naotomo
- Kujō Sukezane
- a daughter married Kujō Kaneharu
- Tokugawa Masako, married Emperor Go-Mizunoo
- Empress Meishō
- Imperial Prince Takahito Shinno (1626–1628)
- Imperial Princess On'nani no Miya Naishinno (1625–1651)
- Wakamiya
- Kikumiya
- Imperial Princess Akiko no Miya Naishinno (1629–1675)
- Imperial Princess Noriko no Miya Naishinno (1632–1696)
- Katsuhime, married Matsudaira Tadanao
- Matsudaira Mitsunaga (1616–1707) of Takada Domain
- Matsudaira Tsunakata (1633–1674)
- Kamehime (1617–1681) married Takamatsu no Miya Yoshihito-Shinno, son of Emperor Go-Yōzei
- Tsuruhime (1618–1671) married Kujō Michifusa
- Third daughter married Asano Tsunaakira
- Fifth daughter married Asano Tsunaakira
- First daughter married Kujō Kaneharu
- Kujō Sukezane
- Zuisho-in married Tokugawa Yoshimichi
- Tokugawa Gorota
- Kujō Morotaka
- Kujō Yukinori
- Kujō Tanemoto
- Nijō Munemoto
- Nijō Shigeyori (1751–1768)
- Nijō Harutaka
- Kujō Hisatada
- Matsuzono Hisayoshi
- Tsurudono Tadayoshi
- Takatsukasa Hiromichi
- Takatsukasa Nobuhiro
- Nobusuke Takatsukasa
- Nijō Motohiro
- Empress Eishō
- Imperial Princess Junko Nai-shinno
- Imperial Princess Fuko
- Kujo Michitaka
- Empress Teimei
- Nobuhito, Prince Takamatsu
- Yasuhito, Prince Chichibu
- Takahito, Prince Mikasa
- Prince Tomohito of Mikasa
- Princess Yoko of Mikasa
- Princess Akiko of Mikasa
- Princess Yasuko of Mikasa
- Tadahiro Konoe (b. 1970)
- Yoshihito, Prince Katsura
- Norihito, Prince Takamado
- Princess Tsuguko of Takamado
- Princess Noriko of Takamado
- Princess Ayako of Takamado
- Princess Masako of Mikasa
- Akifumi Sen
- Makiko Sen
- Takafumi Sen
- Prince Tomohito of Mikasa
- Hirohito, Emperor Showa
- Akihito, Emperor of Japan
- Sayako, Princess Nori
- Fumihito, Prince Akishino
- Naruhito, Crown Prince of Japan
- Takako, Princess Suga
- Yoshihisa Shimazu (b. 1962)
- Masahito, Prince Hitachi
- Atsuko, Princess Yori
- Kazuko, Princess Taka
- Sachiko, Princess Hisa
- Shigeko, Princess Teru
- Mibu Motohiro (b. 1949)
- Princess Fumiko of Higashikuni (b. 1946)
- Princess Yuko of Higashikuni (b. 1954)
- Prince Naohiko Higashikuni
- Prince Teruhiko Higashikuni
- Prince Mutsuhiko Higashikuni
- Prince Nobuhiko Higashikuni (b. 1945)
- Prince Yukihiko Higashikuni (b. 1974)
- Akihito, Emperor of Japan
- Empress Teimei
- Nijō Narimichi (1781–1798)
- Sainjo
- Kujō Suketsugu
- Nijō Suiko married Nabeshima Naotomo
- Nijō Narinobu
- Nijō Nariyuki
- Nijō Masamaro
- Nijo Toyomoto (1909–1944)
- Nijo Tamemoto (1911–1985)
- Nijō Masamaro
- Nijō Nariyuki
- Kujō Hisatada
- Kujō Naozane
- Zuisho-in married Tokugawa Yoshimichi
- Kujō Sukezane
- Matsudaira Mitsunaga (1616–1707) of Takada Domain
- Senhime – Daughter, married Toyotomi Hideyori and later married Honda Tadatoki
- Kochiyo (1619–1621)
- Katsuhime (1618–1678) married Ikeda Mitsumasa
- Tsuhime (1636–1717) married Ichijō Norisuke
- Ikeda Tsunamasa
- Ikeda Tsugumasa
- Ikeda Munemasa
- Ikeda Harumasa (1750–1819)
- Ikeda Narimasa (1779–1833)
- Sagara Nagahiro (1752–1813)
- Sagara Yorinori (1774–1856)
- Sagara Yoriyuki (1798–1850)
- Ikeda Akimasa (1836–1903)
- Ikeda Narimasa (1865–1909)
- Ikeda Tadamasa (1895–1902)
- Ikeda Nobumasa (1904–1988)
- Ikeda Takamasa (1926–2012) married Atsuko Ikeda
- Ikeda Narimasa (1865–1909)
- Ikeda Akimasa (1836–1903)
- Sagara Yoriyuki (1798–1850)
- Sagara Yorinori (1774–1856)
- Ikeda Harumasa (1750–1819)
- Ikeda Munemasa
- Ikeda Tsugumasa
- Tama-hime married Maeda Toshitsune
- Maeda Toshitsugu
- Maeda Masatoshi (1649–1706)
- Manhime (1618–1700) married Asano Mitsuakira
- Asano Naganao (1644–1666)
- Asano Nagateru (1652–1702)
- Asano Tsunaakira
- Asano Tsunanaga
- Asano Yoshinaga
- Asano Munetsune
- Asano Shigeakira
- Asano Narikata
- Asano Nagatoshi
- Asano Nagamichi
- Asano Toshitsugu
- Asano Nagayuki
- Asano Nagatake
- Asano Nagayoshi
- Asano Nagataka (b. 1956)
- Asano Nagayoshi
- Asano Nagatake
- Asano Nagayuki
- Asano Toshiteru
- Asano Shigeakira
- Asano Munetsune
- Asano Yoshinaga
- Asano Tsunanaga
- Maeda Toshitsugu
- Komatsuruhime (1613–1630) married Mōri Tadahiro
- Tomi-hime (1621–1662)
- Maeda Mitsutaka
- Maeda Tsunanori
- Maeda Toshiaki (1691–1737)
- Maeda Toshimichi (1737–1781)
- Maeda Toshitoyo (1771–1836)
- Maeda Toshihiro (1823–1877)
- Maeda Toshiaki (1850–1896)
- Toshinari Maeda
- Maeda Toshitatsu (1908–1989)
- Maeda Toshihiri (b. 1935)
- Maeda Toshitaka (b. 1963)
- Maeda Toshikyo (b. 1993)
- Maeda Toshitaka (b. 1963)
- Maeda Toshihiri (b. 1935)
- Maeda Toshitatsu (1908–1989)
- Toshinari Maeda
- Maeda Toshiaki (1850–1896)
- Maeda Toshihiro (1823–1877)
- Maeda Toshitoyo (1771–1836)
- Maeda Toshimichi (1737–1781)
- Maeda Yoshinori
- Maeda Munetoki
- Maeda Shigehiro
- Maeda Shigenobu
- Maeda Harunaga
- Maeda Shigemichi
- Maeda Narinaga
- Maeda Nariyasu
- Maeda Yoshiyasu
- Yoshitsugu Maeda (1858–1900)
- Maeda Yoshiyasu
- Maeda Nariyasu
- Maeda Narinaga
- Maeda Toshiaki (1691–1737)
- Maeda Tsunanori
- Tokugawa Iemitsu
- Chiyohime- daughter married Tokugawa Mitsutomo
- Tokugawa Tsunanari
- Matsudaira Yoshitaka
- Tokugawa Tsugutomo
- Matsuhime, married Maeda Yoshinori
- Tokugawa Muneharu
- Tokugawa Yoshimichi
- Tokugawa Gorōta
- Shinjuin (1706–1757) married Kujō Yukinori
- Kujō Tanemoto
- Nijō Munemoto
- Nijō Shigeyoshi (1751–1768)
- Nijō Harutaka
- Nijō Suiko married Nabeshima Naotomo
- Nijo Narimichi
- Saionji
- Kujō Suketsugu
- Nijō Narinobu
- Nijō Nariyuki
- Nijō Masamaro
- Nijō Tamemoto (1911–1985)
- Nijō Toyomoto (1909–1944)
- Kujo Hisatada
- Empress Eishō
- Imperial Princess Junko Naishinno
- Imperial Princess Fuko
- Kujō Michitaka
- Takatsukasa Hiromichi
- Nobusuke Takatsukasa
- Takatsukasa Nobuhiro (1892–1981)
- Nijō Motohiro
- Tsurudono Tadayoshi
- Matsuzono Hisayoshi
- Empress Eishō
- Tokugawa Tsunanari
- Chiyohime- daughter married Tokugawa Mitsutomo
- Tokugawa Ietsuna
- Moyohime (1659–1660)
- Tokugawa Tsunayoshi (1659–1660)
- Tokugawa Tsunayoshi
- Tokugawa Tokumatsu (1679–1683)
- Tokugawa Chomatsu (1683–1686)
- Tsuruhime (1677–1704)
- Tokugawa Tsunashige
- Matsudaira Kiyotake (1663–1724)
- Matsudaira Kiyokata (1697-1724)
- Tokugawa Ienobu
- Tokugawa Ietsugu
- Tokugawa Daigoro (1709–1710)
- Tokugawa Iechiyo (1707–1707)
- Tokugawa Torakichi (1711–1712)
- Toyo-hime (1681–1681)
- Tokugawa Mugetsuin (1699–1699)
- Matsudaira Kiyotake (1663–1724)
Notes
- Hickman, Money L. et al. (2002). Japan's Golden Age: Momoyama, p. 283.
- "The silk coloured portrait of wife of Takatsugu Kyogoku," Archived 2011-05-06 at the Wayback Machine Digital Cultural Properties of Wakasa Obama; Oichinokata Archived 2012-09-08 at Archive.today, Gifu prefecture website.
- Wilson, Richard L. (1985). Ogata Kenzan (1663–1743), p. 40.
- Tanabe Yasushi. "On the Sogenin's Mansoleum at Zojoji Temple" (崇源院靈牌所造營考). Transactions of the Institute of Japanese Architects (建築学会論文集). No. 19360331, pp.317-323.
- 大河ドラマ 第50作 江(ごう) 姫たちの戦国 Archived 2009-07-11 at the Wayback Machine; "Atsuhime"-Autorin für NHKs 2011er Taiga-Drama gewählt (citing Tokyograph), Archived 2011-05-06 at the Wayback Machine
- J-Dorama.
References
- Hickman, Money L., John T. Carpenter and Bruce A. Coats. (2002). Japan's Golden Age: Momoyama. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-09407-7; OCLC 34564921
- Wilson, Richard L. (1985). Ogata Kenzan (1663–1743) (PhD thesis/dissertation). Lawrence, Kansas: University of Kansas. OCLC 19111312