Noordwijk

Noordwijk (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈnoːrtʋɛik] (listen)) is a town and municipality in the west of the Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. The municipality covers an area of 51.45 km2 (19.86 sq mi) of which 15.97 km2 (6.17 sq mi) is water and had a population of 42,859 in 2019.

For other uses, see Noordwijk (disambiguation).
Noordwijk
Municipality
Aerial view over Noordwijk aan Zee
Flag
Coat of arms
Location in South Holland
Coordinates: 52°14′N 4°27′E
Country Netherlands
ProvinceSouth Holland
Government
 • BodyMunicipal council
 • MayorJon Hermans-Vloedbeld (VVD)
Area
 • Total51.45 km2 (19.86 sq mi)
 • Land35.48 km2 (13.70 sq mi)
 • Water15.97 km2 (6.17 sq mi)
Elevation3 m (10 ft)
Population
 (January 2019)[4]
 • Total42,859
 • Density1,208/km2 (3,130/sq mi)
Demonym(s)Noordwijker
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postcode
2200–2204
Area code071
Websitewww.noordwijk.nl
Dutch Topographic map of Noordwijk, June 2015

On January 1, 2019, the former municipality of Noordwijkerhout became part of Noordwijk.

Besides its beaches, Noordwijk is also known for its bulb flower fields. It is located in an area called the "Dune and Bulb Region" (Duin- en Bollenstreek).

Noordwijk is also the location of the headquarters for the European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), part of the European Space Agency (ESA). ESA's visitors' centre Space Expo is a permanent space exhibition.


Noordwijk facts
Aerial view of ESA's technical centre ESTEC
  • 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) coast line
  • 43 kilometres (27 mi) from Amsterdam
  • 25 kilometres (16 mi) from Schiphol airport
  • 27 kilometres (17 mi) from The Hague
  • 43 kilometres (27 mi) from Rotterdam Airport
  • 14 camp sites in the region
  • ± 1 million overnight stays per year
  • Number of hotels/B&B beds: ± 3,400
  • No. 2 congress destination in the Netherlands
  • ± 251 international congresses per year
  • Home to the ESA/ESTEC (European Space Research and Technology Centre)
  • In 2012 Noordwijk has received the QualityCoast Gold Award for its efforts to become a sustainable tourism destination. Because of this award Noordwijk has been selected for inclusion in the global atlas for sustainable tourism DestiNet.[5]

Communities

The municipality of Noordwijk consists of the communities Noordwijk aan Zee and Noordwijk-Binnen, separated by a narrow green belt, as well as Noordwijkerhout and De Zilk.

Noordwijk aan Zee
The Noordwijk Lighthouse landmark

Noordwijk aan Zee was founded around 1200 as a fishing village. Until the beginning of the 19th century, fishing remained its primary business, but then began to be replaced by the growing tourism industry. Nowadays because of its long sandy beaches, it is a popular resort town with 1,000,000 overnight stays per year. It has a lighthouse and a KNRM rescue station. Furthermore, it has a reformed church (1647) with a pulpit from the 17th century.

Noordwijk aan Zee is rated as the 12th richest location in the Netherlands. Beer magnate Freddy Heineken has built a villa there with the characteristic green roof.

A small part of the indigenous population of Noordwijk aan Zee speaks Noordwijks, a very original Dutch dialect, which sounds like Katwijks, but in Noordwijk the dialect is almost gone, compared to Katwijk, where more people speak in (partly) dialect.

Noordwijk-Binnen
View over Noordwijk-Binnen, with two church towers.

Because of the martyrdom of Priest Jeroen in 857, the Archbishop of Utrecht made Noordwijk-Binnen a pilgrimage location in 1429. Both the Catholic and Protestant churches here are named after this priest.

Noordwijk-Binnen has retained its historic character and is therefore protected by the Dutch Monument Law. An interesting historic view is shown by the picture of Gerard van der Laan with the view to the Jeroenskerk. In the foreground is a canal with two sailboats for inland waterways.

The area around Noordwijk-Binnen has long been an important part of the regional bulb flower industry. The dunes were dug out and transformed into fields for the cultivation of bulb flowers. The territory of Noordwijk still exists for a large part from spirit grounds. The bulb region is formed of Noordwijk together with surrounding municipalities.

Noordwijkerhout
Main article: Noordwijkerhout

Nature

North (and to a lesser extent south) of Noordwijk spreads a relatively vast dune area, in which a varied wild flora and fauna (with among others pine forests and deer) is observable for bikers, walkers and gallopers. North of Noordwijk, large areas of dunes are covered by the natura 2000 act. Part of which holds house to the Kennemer Zweefvlieg Club.

Personalities and public figures in Noordwijk
Max Liebermann (1906): Dune near Nordwijk with child.

Public figures who lived in Noordwijk or sought recovery were Thomas Mann, Maria Montessori (buried in Noordwijk) among others, the entrepreneur Alfred Heineken, ex-Empress Soraya,[6] the poet Henriette Roland Holst, the psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, the writer Stefan George, the pianist Pia Beck , the tenor Jacques Urlus, the writer Margriet de Moor as well as painters and artists such as Marinus Gidding, Gerard van der Laan, Max Liebermann,[7] Daniël Noteboom, Jan Hillebrand Wijsmuller[8] and known film actors.

The landscape painter Ludolph Berkemeier (buried in Noordwijk) moved in 1896 to Noordwijk. His paintings are in the style of the Hague School.

Noordwijk is also home of football coach Louis van Gaal.

In March 2014, the US President Barack Obama and President of the People's Republic of China Xi Jinping stayed in Noordwijk[9]

Part of Martin Ritt's adaptation of John le Carre's The Spy Who Came in from the Cold (1965), starring Richard Burton, was filmed at Koningin Astrid Boulevard in Noordwijk. This is where Burton's character Alec Leamas is taken for initial interrogation after appearing to defect to the East.[10]

Henriëtte Roland Holst, Lindenplein, Noordwijk, 2011

Notable people

World War II bunker complex
Scale model of main fire command bunker in museum

Just north of Noordwijk, buried in the North Sea dunes, lies one of the biggest and most extensive bunker complexes in the Netherlands of the World War II Atlantic Wall defenses, constructed under Nazi Germany occupation. Some 80 bunkers and underground structures housed 180 soldiers, and were connected by 400 metres (a quarter mile) of tunnels, equipped with narrow rail-tracks for moving heavy ammunition. The central, S414 design, fire command bunker alone counts three man-high stories deep, and with walls up to 3 metres (10 feet) thick, it consists of more than 1,800 m³ of concrete – the equivalent content of some 300 modern cement trucks. Four heavy gun bunkers housed 155mm cannons and doubled as living quarters. Two other large bunkers stored ammunition.[14]

The fire control bunker offered an excellent view of the coastal sea, used for observation and ballistic trajectory calculation, to control the entire gun battery. In 2001, the central command bunker was reopened as a museum, refitted with mostly original equipment.[15] Because the Germans kept the men busy building further bunkers, pill-boxes, etc., by war's end the complex counted almost one underground structure for every two men.[14]

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gollark: Well, I'm going into sixth form.
gollark: I'm meant to be returning physically to school soon™, although I sent in a request to do part-time remote learning by email.
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See also
  • Church: de Oude Jeroenskerk
  • Church: de Sint Jeroenskerk
  • View to a street: Heilige Geestweg-Raadhuisstraat
  • One of the many sculptures in Noordwijk.
  • Noordwijk beach on a non-summers day, when kitesurfers have all the room there

References
  1. "J.P.J. Lokker (Burgemeester)" [J.P.J. Lokker (Mayor)] (in Dutch). Gemeente Noordwijk. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
  2. "Kerncijfers wijken en buurten" [Key figures for neighbourhoods]. CBS Statline (in Dutch). CBS. 2 July 2013. Retrieved 12 March 2014.
  3. "Postcodetool for 2201HW". Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland (in Dutch). Het Waterschapshuis. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
  4. "Bevolkingsontwikkeling; regio per maand" [Population growth; regions per month]. CBS Statline (in Dutch). CBS. 1 January 2019. Retrieved 1 January 2019.
  5. "Sustainable Tourism Destination EUCC" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 September 2016. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
  6. Ex-Empress Soraya in Noordwijk (Dutch)
  7. Max Liebermann was the leading exponent of the German Impressionism.
  8. Jan Hillebrand Wijsmuller is attributed by his oeuvre both of the Hague School and the Amsterdam Impressionism.
  9. http:// www. .leidschdagblad.nl / regionaal / duinenbollen / article27082862.ece
  10. Ritt, Martin (16 December 1965), The Spy Who Came in from the Cold, retrieved 17 August 2016
  11. "Dousa, Janus" . Encyclopædia Britannica. 08 (11th ed.). 1911.
  12. IMDb Database retrieved 17 November 2019
  13. IMDb Database retrieved 17 November 2019
  14. [https://atlantikwall.nl/en/history-of-batterie/ Batterie Noordwijk – Atlantikwall
  15. "Op ontdekkingstocht in de bunkers" [Discovery Hiking in the Bunkers] (in Dutch). De Noordwijker. Retrieved 13 October 2019.

Bibliography
  • Noordwijk: Webster's Timeline History, 1398 - 2007, by Icon Group International, 2010, ASIN B0062YIAYR.
  • E.W. Petrejus: De Bomschuit, een verdwenen scheepstype, 1954, Museum voor Land- en Volkerkunde enhet Maritiern Museum "Prins Hendrik", Nr. 2.
  • Norma Broude (1990): World Impressionism: The International Movement — 1860-1920, Harry N. Abrams, inc. ISBN 9780810917743.
  • Ronald de Leeuw, John Sillevis, Charles Dumas (1983): The Hague School, Dutch Masters of the 19th Century. — Exhibition-Catalogue, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, ISBN 9780297780694.
  • Terry van Druten, Maite van Dijk, John Silveris: De aquarel - Nederlandse meesters van de negentiende eeuw. THOT, Teylers Museum und De Mesdag Collectie, Bussum 2015, ISBN 978-90-6868-673-9.
  • Willem Bastian Tholen: Hollandsche Teekenmaatschappij. Den Haag 1914.

Further reading
  • Stichting Geschiedsschrijving Noordwijk: Noordwijk. Aan Zee en op de geest. En nieuwe geschiedenis van Noordwijk. Noordwijk 2011

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