Nikolay Turbin

Nikolay Matveyevich Turbin (June 16 (June 4 O.S.), 1832 – after January 3, 1906) was an infantry general (1902), Russian archaeologist. He was a full member of the Moscow Archaeological Society (1878) and the organizer and first chairman of the Moscow Numismatic Society (1888).

Nikolay Matveyevich Turbin
BornJune 16 (June 4 O.S.), 1832
Yelets, Lipetsk Oblast, Russian Empire
Died19??
AllegianceRussian Empire
Service/branchImperial Russian Army
RankGeneral
Unit29th Infantry Division (Russian Empire)

Biography

Came from the nobles of the Oryol province. Turbin was born on June 4 (16), 1832 in Yelets. At the age of 9, he was transferred to the St. Petersburg Pavlovsk Cadet Corps, from which he was graduated on August 13, 1852, having been appointed to the Jaegersky E. I. V. Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolayevich Regiment. Already in 1853 the Grenadier Regiment was transferred as ensign in the Life Guards and in 1854 he began to study at the Nikolayev Academy of the General Staff, which he graduated in 1856. He was assigned to the General Staff and appointed to the service of the Governor-General and Commander of the troops of Eastern Siberia. In January 1858 he was promoted to headquarters captain with transfer to the General Staff. He was sent to inspect the Chinese border and compile a systematic description of the Irkutsk province. In 1859 he was the head of the convoy of the imperial spiritual mission to Beijing.

In 1862 he returned to the European part of Russia: the division quartermaster of the 2nd Infantry Division (Russian Empire) (March-July 1862), the chief of staff of the 29th Infantry Division (August 1863 - January 1865), the chief of staff of the 30th Infantry Division (Russian Empire) (1865). During the Polish uprising, he was part of the forces of the Vilna Military District (Russian Empire); August 30, 1865 promoted to colonel.

From May 30, 1867, he was commander of the 61st Vladimir Infantry Regiment (until January 1877); in 1870 he was approved as a director of the Mogilev Prison Guardianship Committee. From January 1877 to March 1889, he was Assistant Chief of Staff of the Moscow Military District. The entire campaign of 1877–1878. was a member of the Commission for the preliminary censorship of telegrams received from the theater of war and placed in Moscow newspapers. On January 1, 1878, he was promoted to Major General.

He was the head of the Moscow military hospital (from April 29, 1887 to March 13, 1889), then - the commandant of the Vyborg Castle (March 1889 – June 1891); on August 30, 1889 he was promoted to lieutenant general.

Head of the 25th Infantry Division (Russian Empire) (June 1891 – March 1896), assistant to the commander of the Priamursky Military District troops with the rank of chairman of the Provisional Administrative Commission for the construction of defensive and barracks premises in the Amur Region (March 1896 – July 1898), assistant commander of the Finland Military District ( May 1902 - April 1905), Member of the Military Council (from April 1905), Acting Finnish Governor-General, Member of the Military Council (July 1905 – January 1906). Dismissed by the general from infantry, with uniform and pension (January 1906).

He was fond of archaeology, numismatics. After the death of his wife, he raised two children.

Archaeological surveys

Serving in the Mogilev Governorate and Minsk Governorate and carried away by archaeology, Turbin participated in these sites in the excavation of barrows. Together with K.P. Tyszkiewicz in the 1860s, he undertook excavations in the Minsk and Igumen districts of the Minsk province, in 1870-1872. in Borisov district.[1][2]

In 1877, when he learned about the silver coin of Kiev Prince Vladimir Svyatoslavich found in Bykhovsky County (of which there are 5 known), Turbin began active excavations at the village of Obidovichi, but found nothing.[3][4] Subsequently, Turbin successfully engaged in the excavation of mounds near the village of Dymovo of the Senno district on the border of the Dregovichi and Polotsk Krivichi.[5] He discovered several burials, described them.[6] He also undertook excavations in Turbines in Zaslavl, and was interested in brickwork in Pskov.[7]

Its archaeological materials have not been fully published, they are stored in the State Historical Museum.

In 1866, Turbin petitioned the Ministry of Education for approval of the society of lovers of numismatics, and he became the first chairman of the Moscow Numismatic Society (1888), which was engaged in the study of coins, publication of works and the exchange of information about finds. He collected numismatic and other collections, in 1912 he participated in the International Archaeological Congress (Athens).[8]

Works
  • Tips uncle // Russian invalid, 1902, No. 217
  • A new device for checking the aiming and descent of the drummer // Russian invalid, 1881, No. 153
  • The device device for checking aiming and descent // Russian invalid, 1881, No. 242
  • A simple and cheap machine for training aiming at moving and popping targets // Russian invalid, 1895, No. 87
  • About fireworks in artillery // Russian invalid, 1902, No. 235
  • Schedule with young artillery soldiers // Russian invalid, 1902, No. 271
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References
  1. Алексеев Л. В. (1996). "Николай Матвеевич Turbin" (Археология и краеведение Беларуси. XVI–30-е годы XX в. ed.). Мн.: Беларуская навука: 119–121. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  2. Turbin Н. М. (1867). "Раскопки курганов в Минской губернии" (20) (Виленский Вестник ed.). Вильно. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  3. Богомольников В. В., Равдина Т. В. (1979). "О находках монет из Вотни (верхний Днепр)" (2) (Советская археология ed.). М.: 207–213. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  4. Turbin Н. М. (1874). "Раскопки шести курганов у д. Обидовичи Могилёвского уезда". IV (Труды Московского археологического общества ed.). М. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  5. Алексеев Л. В. (1966). Полоцкая земля (очерки истории Северной Белоруссии в IX-XIII вв.). М.: Наука. pp. 46, 47.
  6. Спицын А. А. (1898). "Обозрение некоторых губерний и областей России в археологическом отношении, Могилевская и Черниговская губернии". VIII (ЗОРСА ed.). СПб.: 117. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  7. Turbin N. М. (1886). "Городская стена в Пскове". XI (Древности. Труды Московского археологического общества ed.). М.: 227. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  8. ИМАО в первое 50-летие своего существования. М. 1915.

Literature
  • Turbin, Nikolai Matveyevich // Century of the War Ministry. 1802-1902. The memory of the members of the military council. - St. Petersburg: Printing house of M.O. Wolf, 1907. - 858 p.
  • Turbin Nikolai Matveyevich // List of seniority generals: Compiled on May 1, 1901. - S. 179.
  • Turbin Nikolay Matveevich // List to the generals by seniority: Compiled on September 1, 1891 - P. 360.
  • Turbin Nikolai Matveevich // List to the generals by seniority: Compiled on January 1, 1891. - S. 386.
  • Alekseev L.V., Bogdanov V.P. Western lands of pre-Mongol Rus in historical and archaeological interpretation. - RAS, Institute of Archeology, Moscow. state un-t them. M.V. Lomonosov, East. Fak. - M.: Nauka, 2009 .-- 336 p. - ISBN 978-5-02-036754-8
  • Kakhanoўskі G. A. Archeology and History of Belarus ў XVI — XIX centuries - Mn., 1984
  • Shchavelov S. Archeology, history and archival affairs of Russia in the correspondence of D. Ya. Samokvasov (1849-1911). M., Flint Science. S. 514. S. 221-222. 978-5-9765-1143-9
  • Shilov D.N., Kuzmin Yu.A. Members of the State Council of the Russian Empire. 1801-1906: A Bibliographic Reference. - SPb., 2007. - ISBN 5-86007-515-4
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