Nauclerus

Nauclerus was a genus of birds of prey, containing the African and American swallow-tailed kites. Though similar, the two species are not closely related, belonging to separate subfamilies Elaninae and Perninae.

Nauclerus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Accipitriformes
Family: Accipitridae
Genus: †Nauclerus
Vigors, 1825
Species

N. riocourii (Chelictinia riocourii)
N. furcatus (Elanoides forficatus)

The term is preserved in the modern French common names "élanion naucler" and "naucler à queue fourchue".

Taxonomy

The name Nauclerus was published by Nicholas Aylward Vigors in 1825,[1] and used by other authors in the 19th century.

Vigors' original description contained both the swallow-tailed kite (N. furcatus, also called the Carolina kite[note 1] or forked-tail hawk) and the then-recently discovered scissor-tailed kite (Riocour's kite,[note 1] N. Riocourii), separating them from the Elanus of Savigny.

In contrast, Vieillot had earlier published the genus Elanoïdes in 1818, containing E. furcatus and E. (f.) yetapa.[2] Falco riocourii was not known until a few years later: illustrated in 1821 for a work by Temminck,[note 2] and described in 1822 by Vieillot. In 1823, Vieillot grouped all of the known elanine kites in Elanoïdes: E. furcatus (forficatus), E. leucurus, E. yetapa, E. cæsius (cæruleus), and E. riocourii.[3]

Lesson split the scissor-tailed kite into a separate genus as Chelictinia Riocourii in 1843,[4] leaving N. furcatus as a junior synonym of Elanoïdes furcatus Vieillot, 1818.[5][2]

An alternative approach is to consider N. riocourii the type species of Nauclerus, giving Nauclerus Vieillot 1825 precedence over Chelictinia Lesson 1843. The effect would be to keep riocourii in Nauclerus, and move furcatus to Elanoides.[6]

Description

Both species have deeply forked tails with slender bodies and long, pointed wings. The scales on their lower legs are reticulated, and the nails of their talons are not rounded underneath.

They spend much time on the wing, taking insects, amphibians and small reptiles from tree branches, and insects from the air.

In C. riocourii, the second primary flight feather is the longest. It is the smaller of the two, with light grey plumage and black patches under the bends of its wings. E. forficatus has the third feather longest; it is notably larger; and its coloration is strikingly pied, being charcoal above and white below.

Notes
  1. The French ornithologists called them milans (kites): the American specimens were milan de la Carolines and milan du Paraguay, and the African species was milan Riocour (in honour of the Comte du Riocour). Elanus was called the couhyer, from its Egyptian name, kouhyeh.
  2. Temminck's accompanying text was not published until 1824, but the illustrations were issued earlier in separate groups.
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References
  1. Vigors, Nicholas Aylward (October 1825). "On a new genus of Falconidæ". Sketches in Ornithology. The Zoological Journal. 2 (7): 385–386.
  2. Vieillot (1818). "Ornithologie". Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, tome 24. Elanoïdes is described at page 101. "Nota. Les Milans de la Caroline et du Paraguay doivent être retirés du genre Milan, et faire une section de celui - ci. Cette réunion m'a forcé de changer les noms génériques qui, pour ce groupe, étoient auparavant Couhyer , Elanus." (The kites of Carolina and Paraguay should be removed from Milvus and made a section of it. The joining forced me to change the generic names for this group that were previously Couhyer, Elanus.)
  3. Bonnaterre, Pierre Joseph; Vieillot, Louis-Pierre (1823). "Élanoïde". Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois regnes de la nature, part. 3. Paris. p. 1204.
  4. Lesson, René Primevère (12 January 1843). "Index Ornithologique par Lesson". l'Echo du Monde Savant. Year 10, no. 3, column 60–63. Nauclerus is listed in column 62, with synonyms, Chelictinia following in column 63.
  5. Boyd gives the genus authority for Elanoides as Vieillot 1818, Nouveau Dictionnaire d'Histoire Naturelle 24 p. 101, and for Chelictinia as Lesson 1843 Echo. Monde Sav. 10 no.3 col.63
    Boyd, John H. III (2016). "Accipitrimorphae". Taxonomy in Flux Checklist (3.05 ed.). Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 14 April 2016.
  6. For example, Sharpe in Catalogue of Birds in the British Museum lists E. furcatus as the type of Vieillot's Elanoides and N. riocouri as the type of Vigors' Nauclerus. Sections "56. Elanoides" and "57. Nauclerus" in Vol. 1 pp. 317–318
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