National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council

The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC), formerly known as the National Disaster Coordinating Council (NDCC), is a working group of various government, non-government, civil sector and private sector organizations of the Government of the Republic of the Philippines established by Republic Act 10121 of 2010.[2] It is administered by the Office of Civil Defense (OCD) under the Department of National Defense (DND). The Council is responsible for ensuring the protection and welfare of the people during disasters or emergencies. The NDRRMC plans and leads the guiding activities in the field of communication, warning signals, emergency, transportation, evacuation, rescue, engineering, health and rehabilitation, public education and auxiliary services such as fire fighting and the police in the country. The Council utilizes the UN Cluster Approach in disaster management.[3] It is the country's focal for the ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response (AADMER) and many other related international commitments.

National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council
Pambansang Tanggapan para sa Pagtugon ng Sakuna
Agency overview
FormedMay 2010 (2010-05)
Preceding agency
  • National Disaster Coordinating Council
    (established October 19, 1970 (1970-10-19))
TypeStrategic Emergency Management
JurisdictionNational
HeadquartersCamp Aguinaldo, EDSA cor. Boni Serrano, Quezon City, Philippines
14°36′49″N 121°03′54″E
Agency executive
  • Usec. Ricardo Jalad, Executive Director[1]
Parent agencyDepartment of National Defense
Websitendrrmc.gov.ph

Council membership

In February 2010, the National Disaster Coordinating Council (NDCC) was renamed, reorganized, and subsequently expanded. The following heads of agencies compose the NDRRMC:[4]

  • Chairperson - Secretary of Department of National Defense
  • Vice Chairperson for Disaster Preparedness - Secretary of Interior and Local Government
  • Vice Chairperson for Disaster Response - Secretary of Department of Social Welfare and Development
  • Vice Chairperson for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation - Secretary of the Department of Science and Technology
  • Vice Chairperson for Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery - Director-General of the National Economic Development Authority
  • Members:
    • Secretary of the Department of Health
    • Secretary of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources
    • Secretary of the Department of Agriculture
    • Secretary of the Department of Education
    • Secretary of the Department of Energy
    • Secretary of the Department of Finance
    • Secretary of the Department of Trade and Industry
    • Secretary of the Department of Transportation
    • Secretary of the Department of Budget and Management
    • Secretary of the Department of Public Works and Highways
    • Secretary of the Department of Foreign Affairs
    • Secretary of the Department of Justice
    • Secretary of the Department of Labor and Employment
    • Secretary of the Department of Tourism
    • The Executive Secretary;
    • Secretary of the Office of the Presidential Adviser on the Peace Process
    • Chairman, Commission on Higher Education
    • Chief of Staff, Armed Forces of the Philippines
    • Chief, Philippine National Police
    • Commandant, Philippine Coast Guard
    • The Press Secretary
    • Secretary-General of the Philippine Red Cross
    • Commissioner of the National Anti-Poverty Commission - Victims of Disasters and Calamities Sector
    • Chairperson, National Commission on the Role of Filipino Women
    • Chairman, Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council
    • Executive-Director of the Climate Change Office of the Climate Change Commission
    • President, Government Service Insurance System
    • President, Social Security System
    • President, Philippine Health Insurance Corporation;
    • President of the Union of Local Authorities of the Philippines
    • President of the League of Provinces in the Philippines
    • President of the League of Municipalities in the Philippines
    • President of the League of Cities in the Philippines
    • President of the Liga ng Mga Barangay
    • Four representatives from the Civil Sector Organizations
    • One representative from the Private Sector
    • Administrator of the Office of Civil Defense

Local DRRM Offices

According of Republic Act 10121, various local governments throughout the country should establish Local DRRM Offices at the regional, provincial, municipal, city and barangay levels.[5] As functional arms of the local governments, these Offices are responsible to create a Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan according to the Framework of the NDRRMC covering 4 aspects including disaster preparedness, response, prevention and mitigation, and rehabilitation and recovery.[6]

Local Offices usually have a Chief DRRM Officer supported by Administrative and Training, Research and Planning, Operations and Warning Officers. Some of these Offices have advanced to organizing their own search and rescue and emergency medical services squads and command-control-and-communications centers.

Disaster response

Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda)
Main article: Typhoon Haiyan

The NDRRMC was in charge of gathering and reporting data in the wake of Typhoon Haiyan. On November 15, 2014, the agency reported 5,632 deaths, 1,140 people missing and 12,166 injured.[7] The agency has reported the rose of death toll to 6,190 deaths, 1,785 missing and 28, 626 injured. They also estimated that the typhoon cost ₱36.6 billion damage to the infrastructure and agriculture of the Visayan Region.[8] As of April 17, 2015, the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council confirmed total of 6,300 deaths including 5,877 of those taking place in the Eastern Visayas.[9]

Mount Pinatubo Eruption

When the population was put into a state of alert during the first phases of the Pinatubo crisis, authorities from the NDCC showed indisputable efficiency in managing the people.[10]

Precautionary Measures Before Sensing an Eruption

Prior the eruption, no precautionary measures were taken until signs of activity were observed in 1991. This could be attributed to the absence of any oral or written records of volcanic activity for the past 400 years in the surrounding areas.[11]

Precautionary Measures After Sensing an Eruption

By April 3, 1991, PHIVOLCS, after having concluded that the volcano was reawakening, decided to evacuate Aetas villages that were lying within a radius of 10 km around the summit. On May 13, 1991, a 5-level warning and evacuation system was constituted. This system included a concentric danger zone surrounding the volcano, continuously fixing four radii of evacuation from 10 to 40 kilometers between June 7 and 18, which mostly depended on the evolution of the threat. On the day of June 26, 1991, orders of evacuation were conveyed to local authorities or Coordination Councils (DCC). During those times, the entire zone located within the 10 km radius around the crater of Pinatubo has been decreed as permanent high risk sector by PHIVOLCS prohibiting all human occupation of the zone.[12]

In the time of Pinatubo’s eruptive phase in June 1991, most of the population reacted favorably to the evacuation orders due to the early preparation and coordination efforts the authorities on the field have demonstrated. However, there were still some Aetas that changed their minds and decided to return to the mountains seeking refuge in caves and spiritual comfort from their God. There were also others that refused to leave, having been convinced that the expected eruption would not be extreme enough to reach their homes, and having been scared at the thought of having to abandon their belongings and crops. By the time the second warning was given out in July 1992, the population, having been more aware of previous events, were much more prepared. Despite the PHIVOLCS frequent pleas and the population’s positive response to it though, a total of 300 Aetas families still refused to evacuate.

Post-disaster Recovery

Under the DRRM Act, the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) is designated as the lead agency for the recovery. NEDA is mandated to coordinate the recovery support functions of national government agencies, local governments, and civil society organizations (CSOs). However, during the recovery from super typhoon Haiyan, NDRRMC was caught unprepared due to the typhoon’s overwhelming impacts. It was in this context that the government, through the President’s Memorandum Order 62 of December 2013, created the Office of the Presidential Assistant for Rehabilitation and Recovery (OPARR) to focus exclusively on coordinating the recovery process. OPARR aims to unify efforts of the government and other institutions involved in recovery. It has special power to mobilize the full resources of the country and to expedite the decision-making process under the direct authority of the President. OPARR was dissolved after two years.

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See also

References
  1. Andolong, Ina (1 June 2016). "Duterte names more Cabinet members, agency heads". CNN Philippines News. CNN Philippines. Nine Media Corp. Cable News Network. Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. Retrieved 30 June 2016.
  2. "Republic Act No. 10121". Official Gazette. Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office. PREGINET. 2010. Retrieved 2 January 2019.
  3. Shaw, Rajib (6 March 2012). Community-Based Disaster Risk Reduction. Emerald Group Publishing. p. 212. ISBN 9780857248671.
  4. "FAST FACTS: The NDRRMC". Rappler. 11 July 2014 [16 November 2013]. Retrieved 2014-08-22.
  5. "The role of LGUs, local councils during disasters". Rappler. 11 July 2014 [21 November 2013]. Retrieved 2014-08-22.
  6. NDRRMC Framework
  7. "US sends 1000 more troops as Philippines typhoon aid faces challenges". Fox News. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
  8. "NDRRMC : Yolanda death toll rises to 6,190". Philippine Star. 9 January 2014. Retrieved 2014-08-22.
  9. "US sends 1000 more troops as Philippines typhoon aid faces challenges" (PDF). National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council. 17 April 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 2014-08-22.
  10. Frédéric, Leone, and Gaillard Jean-Christophe. "Analysis of the institutional and social responses to the eruption and the lahars of Mount Pinatubo volcano from 1991 to 1998 (Central Luzon, Philippines)." GeoJournal no. 2 (1999): 223. JSTOR Journals, EBSCOhost.
  11. Newhall, Christopher G., James W. Hendley, and Peter H. Stauffer. The cataclysmic 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo, Philippines. Vancouver, WA?: U.S. Geological Survey, 1997.
  12. Frédéric, Leone, and Gaillard Jean-Christophe. "Analysis of the institutional and social responses to the eruption and the lahars of Mount Pinatubo volcano from 1991 to 1998 (Central Luzon, Philippines)." GeoJournal no. 2 (1999): 223. JSTOR Journals, EBSCOhost.
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