Naphtali

According to the Book of Genesis, Naphtali (/ˈnæftəlaɪ/; Hebrew: נַפְתָּלִי‎, Modern: Naftali, Tiberian: Nap̄tālî, "my struggle") was the sixth son of Jacob and second son with Bilhah. He was the founder of the Israelite Tribe of Naphtali.

This article is about the Biblical figure. For people named Naphtali, Naftali or Naftoli, see Naphtali (name). For Israelite Tribe of Naphtali, see Tribe of Naphtali.
Naphtali
נַפְתָּלִי
Painting by Francisco de Zurbarán (from Jacob and his twelve sons, c. 1640–45)
PronunciationNaftali
ChildrenJahziel (son)

Guni (son)
Jezer (son)
Shillem (son)

[1]
Parents
RelativesReuben (half brother)

Simeon (half brother)
Levi (half brother)
Judah (half brother)
Issachar (half brother)
Zebulun (half brother)
Dan (brother)
Gad (half brother)
Asher (half brother)
Joseph (half brother)
Benjamin (half brother)

Dinah (half sister)

Some biblical commentators have suggested that the name Naphtali may refer to the struggle between Rachel and Leah for the favours of Jacob; Bilhah was the handmaid of Rachel, who was infertile at the time, and had persuaded Jacob to have a child with Bilhah as a proxy for having one with herself.

Biblical references

According to the Targum Pseudo-Jonathan, Naphtali was a swift runner, though this appears to have been inferred from the Blessing of Jacob, which equates Naphtali to a hind. However, Biblical scholars believe this to actually be a description of the tribe of Naphtali.

Naphtali is listed in Deuteronomy 34.2 when God takes Moses up to the mountain of Nebo and shows him the extent of the land which he had promised to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. See article on Tribe of Simeon for a map of the twelve tribes of Israel.

Family

According to Genesis 46:24, Naphtali had four sons: Jahzeel, Guni, Jezer, and Shillem. The name of his wife/wives are not given. He and his family migrated to Egypt,[2] with the rest of the clan, where they remained until the Exodus.

According to the apocryphal Testament of the Twelve Patriarchs, he died at 137 and was buried in Egypt.[3]

Testament of Naphtali
Main article: Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs

In this apocryphal material, Naphtali gave his sons no commandment except regarding the fear of God, that they should serve Him and follow after Him, also admonished them not to join themselves unto the sons of Joseph but join the sons of Levi and Judah. He also had a vision about the division of tribes of Israel and told to them that Abraham was chosen by God for his faith.[4]

Family tree
Terah
Sarah[5]AbrahamHagarHaran
Nahor
IshmaelMilcahLotIscah
Ishmaelites7 sons[6]Bethuel1st daughter2nd daughter
IsaacRebeccaLabanMoabitesAmmonites
EsauJacobRachel
Bilhah
EdomitesZilpah
Leah
1. Reuben
2. Simeon
3. Levi
4. Judah
9. Issachar
10. Zebulun
Dinah (daughter)		7. Gad
8. Asher		5. Dan
6. Naphtali		11. Joseph
12. Benjamin

Notes
  1. Genesis 46:24
  2. Genesis 46:24
  3. Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Nephtali" . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  4. The Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs, R. H. Charles
  5. Genesis 20:12: Sarah was the half–sister of Abraham.
  6. Genesis 22:21-22: Uz, Buz, Kemuel, Chesed, Hazo, Pildash, and Jidlaph
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References
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