Naphtali

According to the Book of Genesis, Naphtali (/ˈnæftəlaɪ/; Hebrew: נַפְתָּלִי‎, Modern: Naftali, Tiberian: Nap̄tālî, "my struggle") was the sixth son of Jacob and second son with Bilhah. He was the founder of the Israelite Tribe of Naphtali.

This article is about the Biblical figure. For people named Naphtali, Naftali or Naftoli, see Naphtali (name). For Israelite Tribe of Naphtali, see Tribe of Naphtali.

Naphtali
נַפְתָּלִי
Painting by Francisco de Zurbarán (from Jacob and his twelve sons, c. 1640–45)
Pronunciation	Naftali
Children	Jahziel (son) Guni (son) Jezer (son) Shillem (son) [1]
Parents	Jacob (father) Bilhah (mother)
Relatives	Reuben (half brother) Simeon (half brother) Levi (half brother) Judah (half brother) Issachar (half brother) Zebulun (half brother) Dan (brother) Gad (half brother) Asher (half brother) Joseph (half brother) Benjamin (half brother) Dinah (half sister)

Some biblical commentators have suggested that the name Naphtali may refer to the struggle between Rachel and Leah for the favours of Jacob; Bilhah was the handmaid of Rachel, who was infertile at the time, and had persuaded Jacob to have a child with Bilhah as a proxy for having one with herself.

Biblical references

According to the Targum Pseudo-Jonathan, Naphtali was a swift runner, though this appears to have been inferred from the Blessing of Jacob, which equates Naphtali to a hind. However, Biblical scholars believe this to actually be a description of the tribe of Naphtali.

Naphtali is listed in Deuteronomy 34.2 when God takes Moses up to the mountain of Nebo and shows him the extent of the land which he had promised to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. See article on Tribe of Simeon for a map of the twelve tribes of Israel.

Family

According to Genesis 46:24, Naphtali had four sons: Jahzeel, Guni, Jezer, and Shillem. The name of his wife/wives are not given. He and his family migrated to Egypt,[2] with the rest of the clan, where they remained until the Exodus.

According to the apocryphal Testament of the Twelve Patriarchs, he died at 137 and was buried in Egypt.[3]

Testament of Naphtali

Main article: Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs

In this apocryphal material, Naphtali gave his sons no commandment except regarding the fear of God, that they should serve Him and follow after Him, also admonished them not to join themselves unto the sons of Joseph but join the sons of Levi and Judah. He also had a vision about the division of tribes of Israel and told to them that Abraham was chosen by God for his faith.[4]

Family tree

Terah

Sarah[5]

Abraham

Hagar

Haran

Nahor

Ishmael

Milcah

Lot

Iscah

Ishmaelites

7 sons[6]

Bethuel

1st daughter

2nd daughter

Isaac

Rebecca

Laban

Moabites

Ammonites

Esau

Jacob

Rachel

Bilhah

Edomites

Zilpah

Leah

1. Reuben 2. Simeon 3. Levi 4. Judah 9. Issachar 10. Zebulun Dinah (daughter)

7. Gad 8. Asher

5. Dan 6. Naphtali

11. Joseph 12. Benjamin

Notes

1. Genesis 46:24
2. Genesis 46:24
3. Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Nephtali" . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
4. The Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs, R. H. Charles
5. Genesis 20:12: Sarah was the half–sister of Abraham.
6. Genesis 22:21-22: Uz, Buz, Kemuel, Chesed, Hazo, Pildash, and Jidlaph

References

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Easton, Matthew George (1897). "^{article name needed}". Easton's Bible Dictionary (New and revised ed.). T. Nelson and Sons.