Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex

The Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC or MTBC) is a genetically related group of Mycobacterium species that can cause tuberculosis in humans or other animals.

It includes:

In addition, two branches exist which have phylogenetic similarities but are not completely described: the dassie and oryx bacilli. Oryx bacilli has been recently reclassified into a separate subspecies, orygis.[1]

Phylogenetics

As MTBC diverged into different lineages, so did the expression of key and metabolic pathogenic genes, as a result of mutations introducing new TANNNT Pribnow boxes and mutations that impair the function of repressors Transcripcionales. This provides clear evidence that MTBC lineages probably reflect adaptation to different human populations. In fact, modifying gene expression could be a rapid mechanism for physiological adaptation to a new environment without the need to substantially change the genome.[3]

This can be seen reflected in the way that the different MTBC clades have their own transcriptomic signature. Even single-point mutations can completely change the transcriptional profile of a strain. An example is the N1177 strain, which carries a single mutation in the rpoB gene that confers resistance to rifampicin that modified transcription levels of multiple genes.[3]

The role of methylation is more elusive, the mutation inactivation pattern seems to confirm that methylases are not preserved throughout mtBC. Transcriptional adaptation can allow M. tuberculosis isolates to optimize their infectivity and transmission in subtly different environments provided by different human host populations.[3]

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See also

References
  1. van Ingen J, Rahim Z, Mulder A, Boeree MJ, Simeone R, Brosch R, van Soolingen D (April 2012). "Characterization of Mycobacterium orygis as M. tuberculosis complex subspecies". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 18 (4): 653–5. doi:10.3201/eid1804.110888. PMC 3309669. PMID 22469053.
  2. Vasconcellos SE, Huard RC, Niemann S, Kremer K, Santos AR, Suffys PN, Ho JL (March 2010). "Distinct genotypic profiles of the two major clades of Mycobacterium africanum". BMC Infectious Diseases. 10: 80. doi:10.1186/1471-2334-10-80. PMC 2859774. PMID 20350321.
  3. Chiner-Oms Á, Berney M, Boinett C, González-Candelas F, Young DB, Gagneux S, et al. (September 2019). "Genome-wide mutational biases fuel transcriptional diversity in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex". Nature Communications. 10 (1): 3994. Bibcode:2019NatCo..10.3994C. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11948-6. PMC 6728331. PMID 31488832. Material was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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