Montserrat Rack Railway

The Montserrat Rack Railway (Catalan: Cremallera de Montserrat, IPA: [kɾəməˈʎeɾə ðə munsəˈrat]) is a mountain railway line north-west of Barcelona in Catalonia, Spain. The line runs from Monistrol de Montserrat to the mountain-top monastery of Montserrat.[1][2]

Cremallera de Montserrat
The Pont del Centenari bridge.
Overview
LocaleMonistrol de Montserrat, Barcelona
Operation
Opened1892, reopen 6 June 2003
Closed12 May 1957
OwnerFerrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya
Operator(s)Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya
Technical
Track gauge1,000 mm (3 ft 3 3⁄8 in) metre gauge
Electrification1500 V DC Overhead line
Operating speed30 km/h (18.6 mph) on rack 45 km/h (28.0 mph) adhesion
Maximum incline15.6 %
Rack systemAbt
The rack railway upper terminus, with the platforms below the car park. The stations of the two funiculars can also be seen.
Trains in the underground platforms at the upper terminus.

The line is 5 km (3.1 mi) long and has a rail gauge of 1,000 mm (3 ft 3 3⁄8 in). The first 1 km (0.6 mi) of the line, between Monistrol and the only intermediate station at Monistrol Vila, is operated by conventional adhesion. The remainder of the line is operated as a rack railway using the Abt system, overcoming a height difference of 550 m (1,804 ft) with a maximum gradient of 15.6 %. The line is electrified with an overhead supply at 1500 V DC.[1]

The line is operated by the Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya (FGC).[1]

History

A line on this route was originally opened in 1892. Competition arrived in 1930, in the form of the Aeri de Montserrat, an aerial cable car that also carries passengers to the monastery. A narrow road also reaches the monastery. After poor financial results and an accident in 1953, the rack railway line was closed on 12 May 1957.[1]

However over time the Aeri and road became unable to handle the increasing number of visitors to the monastery. After many years of planning, a program began to rebuild the rack railway in 2001, and the line re-opened in its modern form on 6 June 2003. In its first 12 months of operation, the Montserrat Rack Railway carried 462,964 passengers.[1]

The heaviest traffic was in August 2003 with 63,692 passengers, and the lightest in February 2004 with 22,996 passengers.

Equipment

The line's most significant engineering work is the Pont del Centenari bridge, which is 480 m (1,575 ft) long and 5 m (16 ft 4.9 in) wide, crossing the River Llobregat. Its nine sections are between 35 m (115 ft) and 55 m (180 ft) long and it was designed as a lattice of steel tubes to give it a light appearance and minimise its visual impact. It is supported by eight pillars with maximum height of 37 m (121 ft).[1][3]

The line is operated by six low-floor electric motor coaches of type Stadler GTW, built by Stadler Rail in Switzerland. The cars are numbered AM1-AM5 (Originally built for Montserrat) and A10 (Originally built for Núria Rack Railway. Transferred to Montserrat in June 2020) and named after local peaks. These cars are equipped for adhesion and rack propulsion and can each carry up to 200 passengers. They are air-conditioned and have panorama windows offering a good view over the environment. Trains run at up to 30 km/h (18.6 mph) on the rack section and 45 km/h (28.0 mph) on the adhesion section. The line also has a 1930 built electric locomotive, E4, transferred from the Vall de Núria Rack Railway for use on works trains.[1]

Operation

Both the rack railway and the Aeri connect with the FGC's Llobregat–Anoia line railway from Barcelona Plaça d'Espanya station to Manresa. The rack railway connects at Monistrol de Montserrat, also known as Monistrol Central. A track connection is provided at Monistrol to allow rack railway cars to run to and from their depot, which is in nearby Martorell.[1]

An hourly service is operated between Monistrol-Enllaç and the summit, connecting with FGC trains to and from Barcelona and Manresa. Additional trains operate between Monistrol Vila, where the line has a car park with 1000 spaces, and the summit.[1]

The FGC also operates two funicular railways from near the summit station of the rack railway. The Funicular de Sant Joan ascends to the mountain top, whilst the Funicular de Santa Cova descends to a shrine lower down the mountain.[1]

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References
  1. Green, Richard (September 2010). "The railways of Barcelona". Today's Railways Europe. Platform 5 Publishing Ltd. pp. 31–33.
  2. "Montserrat Rack Railway". Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya. Retrieved 2010-08-28.
  3. "Ponts i túnels". trenscat.com (in Catalan). Bernat Borràs. Archived from the original on 2010-09-10. Retrieved 2010-08-28.

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