Mohammad Isnaeni
Mohammad Isnaeni (April 19, 1919 – October 27, 2002) is an Indonesian politician from the Indonesian National Party (PNI) and Indonesian Democratic Party (PDI). He was appointed as the de facto chairman of the Indonesian National Party from 1971 until 1973, and continued his career as the chairman of the Indonesian Democratic Party from 1973 until 1975 after the fusion of PNI into PDI. He was also one of the longest deputy speakers of the People's Representative Council, serving for four consecutive terms from 1966 to 1982.
Mohammad Isnaeni | |
|---|---|
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| Deputy Speaker of the People's Representative Council Nationalist Faction/PNI/PDI | |
| In office 17 May 1966 – 28 January 1982 | |
| President | Soeharto |
| Speaker | Achmad Sjaichu Idham Chalid Adam Malik Daryatmo |
| Preceded by | Asmara Hadi |
| Succeeded by | Hardjantho Soemodisastro |
| 1st Chairman of the Indonesian Democratic Party | |
| In office 11 January 1973 – 20 February 1975 | |
| President | Soeharto |
| Preceded by | office created |
| Succeeded by | Sanusi Harjadinata |
| Personal details | |
| Born | April 19, 1919 Ponorogo, East Java, Dutch East Indies |
| Died | October 27, 2002 (aged 83) Jakarta, Indonesia |
| Nationality | Indonesian |
| Political party | Gerindo Indonesian National Party Indonesian Democratic Party |
| Spouse(s) | Juniati Isnaeni |
| Relations | Agus Widjojo (son-in-law) |
| Mother | Khasan Yahya |
| Father | Umiyati |
| Occupation | Politician |
| Awards | Satya Lencana Perang Kemerdekaan I and II (17 August 1958) Mahaputra Star Adipradana (19 May 1973) Order of Tudor Vladimirescu (29 March 1986)[1] |
Early life
Mohammad Isnaeni was born in Ponorogo, East Java, from the father Khasan Yahya, a religion teacher in Malo from an ulama family in Tegalsari, Ponorogo. Khasan's students were from Tegalsari and outside the region. His mother was Umiyati, which came from a pesantren family in Pacitan. Isnaeni also had three brothers, In Ngam, Isngat, and Istijab.[2]
Isnaeni was educated in the People's School, Ponorogo, from 1926-1933. After finishing his primary school, Isnaeni continued to study in the Ponorogo Junior High School from 1933-1936.[3]
Youth
Activism
Since 1936, Isnaeni had been active in the Indonesian Youth in Jogjakarta. In the same year, he was chosen as the chairman of the students' union of the Taman Siswa branch in Mataram, Jogjakarta. His further activity led him to become one of the precursors to the establishment of the Indonesian Democratic Youth. He was elected as the chairman of the Indonesian Democratic Youth twice, in its first and second congress in October 1947 and February 1948.[4] During his term, he established the National Youth Front, comprising the Indonesian Democratic Youth, Islamic Youth Movement of Indonesia, Christian Youth, Catholic Youth, and the Young Communist Force, rivaling the BKPRI, a similar organization which has been dominated by the Socialist Youth of Indonesia. He resigned from the post in 1954 due to his activity in the Indonesian National Party and his post as the Head of Information Office in the Indonesian Embassy in Peking.[5]
Scouting
Isnaeni was also active in the scouting activity of Indonesia. From 1936-1939, he had been active as a Class I Scout in the Indonesian Nation Scouting, together with Bung Tomo. After that, he seated the Madiun branch office of the Indonesian Nation Scouting from 1940-1942. During his time in the office, he met Siti Juniati Waltien, who later became his future wife.[6]
Political career
In the Gerindo
Isnaeni entered Gerindo in July 1940. Shortly after his entry, he was chosen as the branch secretary of Gerindo in Madiun. His position in Gerindo connected him with national political figures, such as Wilopo and Adam Malik. He knew Adam Malik deeper due to Malik's position as the chairman of the Agitprop Department of Gerindo, and also due to Malik's frequent travel to the area.[7]
He quit the party in 1942, after the invasion of the Dutch East Indies by the Japanese Empire.[8]
In the PNI
Entry
After the independence of Indonesia, Isnaeni became active in politics again. He joined the Indonesian National Party in February 1946, and became the delegation for the Madiun branch of the party in the 1947 PNI Congress, which was located on his branch.[9]
1955 elections
Since 1958, Isnaeni was seated as the leading member of the Central Executive Council of PNI. On 29 June 1960, at the 9th Congress of the Indonesian National Party in Solo, Isnaeni was re-chosen as the principal member of the Central Executive Council of PNI, and at the next congress of the party in Solo in 1963, he was elected as the vice general secretary, with Surachman seated as the general secretary position. His disagreements with Surachman made him get fired from the party, along with 10 other figures from PNI. These figures later formed the Osa-Usep faction of the party in October 1964, named after the chairman and general secretary of the faction, Osa Maliki and Usep Hadisubeno.[10] The faction was strictly anti-communist, as opposed to the communist Surachman.[11] Surachman later found to be an Indonesian Communist Party cadre that entered PNI to mess the party.[12]
After the 30 September incident, PNI was "cleaned" by the government. The Surachman faction (known as Asu faction) was eliminated from the party, making the Osa-Usep faction the legitimate form of the party.[13]
Family
Isnaeni was married to Juniati. Isnaeni met Juniati in the Indonesian Nation Scouting in Madiun. Both were married on 8 March 1942 at 9.00. At that time, the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service were bombarding the airfield in Maospati, Madiun, and the Imperial Japanese Army were invading Madiun, causing the disruption of the marriage.[14]
The marriage resulted in seven children:[15]
| Name | Born | Location |
|---|---|---|
| Hertina Eniyati | 7 July 1943 | Madiun |
| Herlina Hinayati | 22 April 1947 | Madiun |
| Hinayana | 18 May 1950 | Semarang |
| Hendrayana | 24 September 1953 | Jakarta |
| Hendrajaya | 29 April 1956 | Peking |
| Hendrasmara | 9 April 1960 | Jakarta |
| Herina Fitrianita | 25 February 1963 | Jakarta |
References
- Salam 1992, p. 138
- Salam 1992, pp. 3–4
- Salam 1992, p. 133
- Salam 1992, p. 5
- Salam 1992, pp. 6–7
- Salam 1992, p. 8
- Salam 1992, p. 57
- Salam 1992, p. 58
- Salam 1992, p. 61
- Salam 1992, p. 42
- Halawa 1993, p. 21
- Salam 1992, p. 43
- Salam 1992, p. 45
- Salam 1992, p. 13
- Salam 1992, pp. 15–16
Bibliography
- Salam, Solichin (1992), Hidup Adalah Pengabdian [Life is a Devotion] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Gema Salam
- Halawa, Ohiao (13 July 1993), id:Membangun Citra Partai : Profil Drs. Soerjadi : Ketua Umum DPP PDI Periode 1986-1993 [Constructing the Party's Image : Profile of Drs. Soerjadi : Chairman of PDI for the 1986-1993 Period] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Nyiur Indah Alam Sejati