Mirafra

Mirafra is a genus of lark in the family Alaudidae. Some Mirafra species are called "larks", while others are called "bush larks". They are found from Africa through South Asia to Australia.

Mirafra
Bengal bush lark (Mirafra assamica)
in Kolkata (West Bengal, India)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Alaudidae
Genus: Mirafra
Horsfield, 1821
Diversity
24 species (but see text)
     global range of genus[1]
Synonyms
  • Geocoraphus
  • Megalophonus
  • Spilocorydon

Taxonomy and systematics

The phylogeny of larks (Alaudidae) was reviewed by Alström et al. (2013) who found that the following species form a well supported monophyletic group, which is the sister lineage to Heteromirafra.[2]

Extant species

The genus contains twenty-four species:[3]

ImageScientific nameCommon NameDistribution
Mirafra fasciolataEastern clapper larksouthern Africa in Zambia, Namibia, Botswana, Lesotho and South Africa.
Mirafra apiataCape clapper larksouthern Africa
Mirafra hypermetraRed-winged larkEthiopia, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda
Mirafra africanaRufous-naped larksub-Saharan Africa
Mirafra rufocinnamomeaFlappet larkCentral Africa
Mirafra angolensisAngolan larksouthern and central Africa
Mirafra williamsiWilliams's larknorthern Kenya
Mirafra passerinaMonotonous larksouthern Africa.
Mirafra chenianaMelodious larkSouth Africa (Eastern Cape, the Free State, Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, and North West Province), Botswana and Zimbabwe
Mirafra javanicaHorsfield's bush larkAustralia and much of Southeast Asia.
Mirafra cantillansSinging bush larkAfrica, the Middle East, and South Asia
Mirafra micropteraBurmese bush larkcentral Myanmar
Mirafra assamicaBengal bush larkBangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar and Nepal
Mirafra erythrocephalaIndochinese bush larksoutheast Asia.
Mirafra erythropteraIndian bush larkPakistan and northwestern, central and south-central India.
Mirafra affinisJerdon's bush larksoutheast India and Sri Lanka
Mirafra gillettiGillett's larkEthiopia, Kenya, and Somalia
Mirafra rufaRusty bush larkSahel region of north-central Africa.
Mirafra collarisCollared larkeastern Ethiopia and Somalia to central Kenya
Mirafra ashiAsh's larkSomalia.
Mirafra somalicaSomali larkSomalia
Mirafra pulpaFriedmann's larkEast Africa.
Mirafra cordofanicaKordofan larkMauritania and Senegal to Niger, eastern Chad, southern Sudan and northern South Sudan
Mirafra albicaudaWhite-tailed larkwestern Chad, eastern Sudan, northeastern South Sudan, south-central Ethiopia, and from Uganda and western Kenya to central Tanzania

Former species

Some authorities, either presently or formerly, recognize several additional species as belonging to the genus Mirafra, including:

gollark: Also Dirty Doctor Dan, apparently.
gollark: Okay, yes, theists believe that you were designed or something, but that's not evolution.
gollark: It's not some sort of actual agent with goals.
gollark: > we wasnt made to be gay, it wasnt the intention of any species. period.We weren't made to be anything. There's no intention in evolution.
gollark: There's no *reason* animals exist, they just do and happen to be reasonably good at surviving our current conditions. I mean, mostly.

References
  1. Based on maps in the Handbook of the Birds of the World and the BirdLife Datazone
  2. Alström, Per; Barnes, Keith N.; Olsson, Urban; Barker, F. Keith; Bloomer, Paulette; Khan, Aleem Ahmed; Qureshi, Masood Ahmed; Guillaumet, Alban; Crochet, Pierre-Andre; Ryan, Peter G. (2013). "Multilocus phylogeny of the avian family Alaudidae (larks) reveals complex morphological evolution, non-monophyletic genera and hidden species diversity" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 69 (3): 1043–1056. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.06.005. PMID 23792153.
  3. Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2018). "Nicators, reedling, larks". World Bird List Version 8.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
  4. "Certhilauda chuana - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-11.
  5. "Pinarocorys nigricans - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-11.
  6. "Pinarocorys erythropygia - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-11.
  7. "Ammomanes deserti phoenicuroides - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-16.
  8. "Ammomanes phoenicura - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-17.
  9. "Eremopterix hova - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-14.
  10. "Calendulauda sabota - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-17.
  11. "Calendulauda naevia - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-17.
  12. "Calendulauda poecilosterna - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-17.
  13. "Calendulauda alopex - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-17.
  14. "Calendulauda intercedens - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-17.
  15. "Calendulauda africanoides - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-17.
  16. "Calendulauda albescens - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-18.
  17. "Calendulauda burra - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-19.
  18. "Calendulauda erythrochlamys - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-19.
  19. "Calendulauda barlowi - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-19.
  20. "Heteromirafra ruddi - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-21.
  21. "Heteromirafra archeri - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-21.
  22. "Heteromirafra sidamoensis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-21.
  23. "Galerida modesta struempelli - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-06.
  24. "Galerida modesta bucolica - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-06.


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