Military education in the Soviet Union

There existed an evolved system of military education in the Soviet Union that covered a wide range of ages. The Soviet Armed Forces had many tri-service educational opportunities as well as educational institutions for the Ground Forces, the Air Forces, and the Navy. The Soviet Border Troops, the KGB and the Internal Troops also maintained service academies.

The Gretchko Naval Academy, led by Captain Anatoliy Karpenko, during a parade on Leningrad's Palace Square in 1983.

Overview

Higher education

Soviet military academies provided higher education to higher officers and officers of specialized kinds of armed force (engineering, medical, etc.). All able-bodied male students of universities and many other institutions of higher education were subject to training at the Military Faculties (voyennnaya kafedra) to become reservist officers. Soviet professional military education was also available for persons from the Soviet satellite states and from the perceived Soviet sphere of influence among the Third World countries.[1]

Enlisted training

All able-bodied males obtained basic and specialized military training during obligatory 2-3 year male draft. There also existed schools for under-officers and sergeants, often part of the draft service for distinguished soldiers, as a step towards the professional military career. Reservists were subject to periodic training exercises of duration 2-6 weeks once in several years.

Other educational/training services

Suvorov Military Schools for boys of 14-17 (established in 1943) delivered education in military subjects. Nakhimov Naval Schools were similar to the Suvorov ones, specializing in Navy subjects. Civilians could receive military-related training in military-support organizations DOSAAF and OSOAVIAKHIM.

Under the Ministry of Defense

General Staff of the Armed Forces

Academies
  • Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (Moscow)
  • Military Diplomatic Academy (Moscow)

Institutes
  • Military Institute of the Ministry of Defense

Engineering

Special communications
  • Shtemenko Krasnodar Military Institute

Specialists
  • 8th Central Officer Refresher Courses for Officers of Mobilization Bodies of the Armed Forces (Saratov)

Main Directorate of International Military Cooperation
  • Krasnodar Higher Military Aviation School of Pilots
  • Odessa Higher Military Combined Command Engineering School of Air Defense
  • Odessa Higher United Military School
  • Simferopol United Military School (Perevalnoye)
  • 5th Central Courses for the Training and Improvement of Aviation Personnel (Kant)

Office of the Chief of Space Facilities

Main Political Directorate of the Soviet Army and Navy

Academies

Military-Political

Under other departments

Rear of the Soviet Army

Academies

Command
  • Moscow Higher Command School of Road and Engineering Troops (Balashikha)

Rear
  • Volsky Higher Military School of Logistics
  • Gorky Higher Military School of Logistics named after Ivan Bagramyan

Engineering

Under the Soviet Army
The Baku Higher Combined Arms Command School during a parade in Baku in 1970.

Combined Arms Institutions

Academies

Command

Tank Forces

Academies

Command
  • Tashkent Higher Tank Command School
  • Blagoveshchenskoye Higher Tank Command School
  • Kazan Higher Tank Command School
  • Ulyanovsk Guards Higher Tank Command School
  • Kharkiv Guards Higher Tank Command School
  • Chelyabinsk Higher Tank Command School

Engineering
  • Kiev Higher Tank Engineering School
  • Omsk Higher Tank Engineering School

Rocket and Artillery Forces (GRAU)

Academies
  • Kalinin Military Artillery Academy (Leningrad)

Command
  • Kolomensky High Artillery Command School
  • Leningrad Higher Artillery Command School
  • Odessa Higher Artillery Command School
  • Sumy Higher Artillery Command School
  • Tbilisi Higher Artillery Command School
  • Khmelnytsky Higher Artillery Command School

Command-Engineering
  • Kazan Higher Military Command-Engineering School
  • Saratov Higher Military Command-Engineering School

Signal Troops

Academies

Command
  • Kemerovo Higher Military Command Liaison School
  • Novocherkassk Higher Military Command School of Communications
  • Poltava Higher Military Command School
  • Ryazan Higher Military Command School of Communications
  • Tomsk Higher Military Command School of Communications
  • Ulyanovsk Higher Military Command School of Communications

Engineering
  • Kiev Higher Military Engineering School of Communications
  • Leningrad Higher Military Engineering School

Engineering Forces

Academies
  • Kuybyshev Military Engineering Academy named

Command
  • Kamenets-Podolsk Higher Military Engineering Command School
  • Tyumen Higher Military Engineering Command School

Engineering
  • Kaliningrad Higher School of Engineering

Chemical Troops

Academies

Command
  • Kostroma Higher Military Command School of Chemical Defense
  • Tambov Higher Military Command School of Chemical Defense

Engineering
  • Saratov Higher Military Engineering School of Chemical Defense

Air Defence Troops of the Ground Forces

Academies
  • Vasilevsky Military Academy of Army Air Defence Forces

Command
  • Leningrad Higher Anti-Aircraft Missile Command School
  • Orenburg Higher Anti-Aircraft Missile Command School
  • Poltava Higher Anti-Aircraft Missile Command School

Engineering
  • Kiev Higher Anti-Aircraft Missile Engineering School
  • Smolensk Higher Anti-Aircraft Missile Engineering School

Airborne Forces

Command

Under the Soviet Air Defence Forces

Academies

Command
  • Gorky Higher Anti-Aircraft Missile Command School
  • Dnepropetrovsk Higher Anti-Aircraft Missile Command School
  • Ordzhonikidze Higher Anti-Aircraft Missile Command School
  • Engels Higher Anti-Aircraft Missile Command School of Air Defense
  • Yaroslavl Higher Anti-Aircraft Missile Defence School
  • Vilnius Higher Command School of Radio Electronics
  • Krasnodar Higher Military Aviation School

Command and engineering
  • Zhytomyr Higher School of Radio Electronics
  • Pushkin Higher School of Air Defense

Engineering
  • Minsk Higher Engineering Anti-aircraft Missile School
  • Kiev Higher Engineering Radio Engineering School

Pilots
  • Armavir Higher Military Aviation School of Pilots
  • Stavropol Higher Military Aviation School of Pilots

Under the Soviet Air Force

Academies

Aviation/Air Assault

Engineering

Medium Technical Aviation

Under the Soviet Navy

Academies

Command

Engineering
  • Dzerzhinsky Higher Naval Engineering School (Leningrad)
  • Leningrad Higher Naval Engineering School named after Lenin (Pushkin)
  • Sevastopol Higher Naval Engineering School
  • Higher Naval School of Radio Electronics named after Alexander Stepanovich Popov (Petrodvorets)

Secondary and primary vocational education
  • Auxiliary Fleet (civilian specialists)
  • Lomonosov Naval School[2]

Under of the Strategic Missile Forces

Academies

Engineering
  • Serpukhov Higher Military Command and Engineering School of Rocket Forces named after the Lenin Komsomol
  • Krasnodar Higher Military Command and Engineering School of the Missile Forces
  • Perm Higher Military Command and Engineering Red Banner School of Missile Forces
  • Rostov Higher Military Command and Engineering School of Missile Forces
  • Kharkov Higher Military Command and Engineering School of Missile Forces
  • Stavropol Higher Military Engineering School of Communications named after the "60th anniversary of Great October"

Under the Ministry of Internal Affairs

Internal Troops

Command
  • Novosibirsk Higher Military Command School of the Internal
  • Ordzhonikidze Higher Military Command School of the Internal Troops named after S.M. Kirov
  • Perm Higher Military Command School of the Internal Troops
  • Saratov Higher Military Command School of the Internal Troops named after Dzerzhinsky

Rear
  • Kharkov Higher Military School of Logistics of the Internal Troops

Military-political
  • Leningrad Higher Political-School of Internal Troops named after the 60th anniversary of the Komsomol

Under the KGB
Cadets of the Moscow Border Military School of the KGB under the Council of Ministers during the 1972 October Revolution Parade.
  • Dzerzhinsky Higher School of the KGB (Moscow)
  • Higher Courses of the KGB (Alma-Ata)
  • Higher Courses of the KGB (Gorky)
  • Higher Courses of the KGB (Kiev)
  • Higher Courses of the KGB (Leningrad)
  • Higher Courses of the KGB (Minsk)
  • Higher Courses of the KGB of the USSR (Sverdlovsk)
  • Higher Courses of the KGB of the USSR (Tashkent)
  • Higher Courses of the KGB of the USSR (Tbilisi)

First Chief Directorate

Third Chief Directorate

Soviet Border Troops
  • Higher Border Command Courses (Moscow)

Command

Military-political
  • Voroshilov Higher Border Military-Political School of the KGB (Golitsyno)

Government Liaison Troops

Command
  • Oryol "Mikhail Kalinin" Higher Military Command School of Communications of the KGB

Under the Ministry of Medium Machine Building
  • Volga Higher Military Construction Command School (Dubna)

Under the Ministry of Construction in the Eastern Regions

Secondary Schools under the Ministry of Defense

Secondary schools under the Ministry of Higher Education
The Moscow Military Music College during the 1977 October Revolution Parade.

The task of these schools were to train future officers from among the Soviet nationalities.[3][4]

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See also

References
  1. "Warsaw Pact Reserve Systems: A White Paper", by Rudolf Woller (1978) ISBN 3-7637-5205-6
  2. "Из истории колледжа". Ломоносовской морской колледж ВМФ России. Retrieved 2017-05-21.
  3. https://xn--2018-43da1a0csli.xn--p1ai/ordena/roo-moskovskie-suvorovcy.html
  4. https://xn--b1ac1aqnee.xn--p1ai/voennaya-sluzhba/moskovskie-suvorovcy-2.html
  5. https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=g9fOhqL4yV0
  6. Administrator. "Кыргызский государственный национальный военный лицей - ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ КОМИТЕТ ПО ДЕЛАМ ОБОРОНЫ КЫРГЫЗСКОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКИ". www.mil.gov.kg (in Russian). Retrieved 2017-11-22.
  7. https://www.caravan.kz/articles/vooruzhennye-sily-tadzhikistana-vchera-i-segodnya-372452/amp/

Further reading
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