Microcotyle pomatomi

Microcotyle pomatomi is a species of monogenean that is parasitic on the gills of a marine fish. It belongs to the family Microcotylidae.[4]

Microcotyle pomatomi
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Platyhelminthes
Class: Monogenea
Order: Mazocraeidea
Family: Microcotylidae
Genus: Microcotyle
Species:
M. pomatomi
Binomial name
Microcotyle pomatomi
Goto, 1899
Synonyms
  • Paramicrocotyle pomatomi (Goto, 1899) Caballero & Bravo-Hollis, 1972[1]
  • Microcotyle (Microcotyle) pomatomi (Goto, 1899) Unnithan1971[2]
  • Microcotyle australiensis MacCallum, 1921[3]
  • Microcotyle debueni Mané-Garzón, 1959[3]
  • Microcotyle temnodontis Sandars, 1945[3]
The bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix is the type host of Microcotyle pomatomi
The deepwater longtail red snapper Etelis coruscans is also a host of Microcotyle pomatomi

Taxonomy

Microcotyle pomatomi was described by Goto in 1899 from the gills of the bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix (Pomatomidae) collected at Newport off Rhode Island, United States.[4] It was redescribed by Lebedev et al., (1969) from Pomatomus saltatrix off south-western Africa [5] and by Williams (1991) on the base of 7 specimens from the gills of Pomatomus saltatrix off western Australia.[3]

Williams (1991) compared Microcotyle collected from Pomatomus saltatrix off Western Australia with M. pomotomi, M. australiensis, M. temnodontis and M. debueni from the same host and noted important problems with the parasite taxonomy. The only significant morphological difference detected in the material examined by William was the distribution of spines of the genital atrium in specimens from Western Australia vs specimens from South Africa . However, this differences was considered insufficient to separate these specimens as different species.[3] William (1991) concluded that M. australiensis, M. temnodontis, and M. debueni were erroneously described as distinct species, and considered all of them junior synonyms of M. pomatomi due to the overall similarity in morphology and overlap in measurements, not to mention that those species were described from the same host without any comparison with M. pomatomi.[3]

In 1972, Caballero y Caballero and Bravo-Hollis erected the genus Paramicrocotyle to describe Paramicrocotyle tampicensis and Paramicrocotyle atriobursata off Mexico; they placed within this genus 16 species previously assigned to the genus Microcotyle.[6] including M. temnodontis and M. pomatomi.[1] Unnithan (1971) placed M. pomatomi in the nominal subgenus Microcotyle as Microcotyle (Microcotyle) pomatomi and M. australiensis in the new genus and subgenus Caenomicrocotyle and Notaster as Caenomicrocotyle (Notaster) australiensis.[2] However, these two species were returned to the genus Microcotyle by Mamaev who considered Paramicrocotyle a junior subjective synonym of Microcotyle.[7]

Due to the confusion of the nomenclature surrounding the validity of Caenomicrocotyle-Notasterand Paramicrocotyle, these species were also synonymised with M. pomatomi and retained in the genus Microcotyle until a detailed revision of the Microcotylidae.[3]

The specific epithet pomatomi is derived from the generic name of the type host Pomatomus saltatrix (Pomatomidae).[4]

Description

Microcotyle pomatomi has the general morphology of all species of Microcotyle, with a flat syn1metrical elongated body comprising an anterior part which contains most organs and a posterior part called the haptor. The haptor is symmetrical and bears 70 pairs of clamps, arranged as two rows, one on each side. The clamps of the haptor attach the animal to the gill of the fish. There are also two small buccal suckers at the anterior extremity. The digestive organs include an anterior, terminal mouth, a muscular pharynx, a moderate length oesophagus ending a little behind the genital atriuml pore,and a posterior intestine with two branches provided with numerous lateral diverticula on the inner and outer sides except for the terminal portion of the branche. Each adult contains male and female reproductive organs. The reproductive organs include an anterior genital atrium opening a little in front of the hind end of the oesophagus and armed with slightly recurved conical spines, a dorsal vagina opening much behind the posterior end of the oesophagus as the common genital opening is before it, a single irregularly S-shaped ovary, and 50 small testeswhich are posterior to the ovary, extending from the hind end of the ovary to near the hind end of the body proper.[4]

The sequence of the species' ITS2 rDNA gene has been published.[8]

Pathology

The species has been reported as causing mortality in the bluefish and the striped bass.[9]

Hosts and localities

The type host of Microcotyle pomatomi is the bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix (Pomatomidae). It was also reported on the Smooth weakfish Cynoscion leiarchus (Sciaenidae),[10] the deepwater longtail red snapper Etelis coruscans (Lutjanidae),[11] the Striped bass Morone saxatilis(Moronidae),[9] and from the gills of mulloway Argyrosomus japonicus.[8] The type-locality is off Rhode Island, United States.[4] Microcotyle pomatomi was recorded off western Australia,[3][8] Egypt,[12] Brazil,[13][14][15][10][16] Japan,[11] Turkey,[17] New York,[9] and off south-western Africa.[5]

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References
  1. Caballero y Caballero, E., & Bravo-Hollis, M. (1972). Monogenea (van Beneden, 1858) Carus, 1863 de peces marinos del litoral Mexicano del Golfo de Mexico y del Mar Caribe. V. Revista de Biología Tropical, 20, 151–165.
  2. Unnithan, R. V. (1971). On the functional morphology of a new fauna of Monogenoidea on fishes from Trivandrum and environs. Part IV. Microcotylidae sensu stricto and its repartition into subsidiary taxa. American Midland Naturalist, 366–398.
  3. Williams, Alan (1991). "Monogeneans of the families Microcotylidae Taschenberg, 1879 and Heteraxinidae Price, 1962 from Western Australia, including the description of Polylabris sandarsae n. sp. (Microcotylidae)". Systematic Parasitology. 18 (1): 17–43. doi:10.1007/BF00012221. ISSN 0165-5752.
  4. Goto, S. (1899). Notes on some exotic species of ectoparasitic trematodes (Vol. 12). Imperial University of Tokyo.
  5. Lebedev, B. I., & Parukhin, A. M. (1969). Monogenea of some fish from Walvis Bay (south-western Africa). Gidrobiologicheskii Zhurnal, 5(6), 70–81.
  6. Mendoza-Franco, Edgar F.; Rosado Tun, Mariela del Carmen; Duarte Anchevida, Allan de Jesús; del Rio Rodríguez, Rodolfo E. (2018). "Morphological and molecular (28S rRNA) data of monogeneans (Platyhelminthes) infecting the gill lamellae of marine fishes in the Campeche Bank, southwest Gulf of Mexico". ZooKeys (783): 125–161. doi:10.3897/zookeys.783.26218. ISSN 1313-2970. PMC 6160863. PMID 30275730.
  7. Mamaev, Y. L. (1986). The taxonomical composition of the family Microcotylidae Taschenberg, 1879 (Monogenea). Folia Parasitologica, 33, 199–206.
  8. Hayward, Craig J.; Bott, Nathan J.; Itoh, Naoki; Iwashita, Makoto; Okihiro, Mark; Nowak, Barbara F. (2007). "Three species of parasites emerging on the gills of mulloway, Argyrosomus japonicus (Temminck and Schlegel, 1843), cultured in Australia". Aquaculture. 265 (1–4): 27–40. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.02.004. ISSN 0044-8486.
  9. Buckel, JA; McKown, KA (2002). "Competition between juvenile striped bass and bluefish: resource partitioning and growth rate". Marine Ecology Progress Series. 234: 191–204. doi:10.3354/meps234191. ISSN 0171-8630.
  10. Fernandes, B. M., Arci, A. D., & Cohen, S. C. (2009). New data on some species of Monogenea and Digenea parasites of marine fish from the coast of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária, 18(2), 13–18.
  11. Kihara, M. (1960). Parasites of fishes. Monthly Report of the Meguro Parasitological Museum 14: 2–3. [In Japanese])
  12. Khidr, A. A. A., Samak, O. A. A., Said, A. E., & Taman, N. A. (2007). Description of two monogenean parasites, Microcotyle aegypticus n. sp. and Microcotyle pomatomi infesting the gills of the marine fish, Pomatomus saltatrix in Damietta region, Egypt. Journal of the Egyptian-German Society of Zoology, 54(D), 99.
  13. Gomes DC, Fabio SP, Rolas TSFJ. 1972. Contribuiçao para o conhecimento dos parasitos de peixes do litoral do Estado da Guanabara. Parte 1. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 70. 541–533.
  14. Kohn A, Buhrnheim U. 1971 Ocorrencia de Microcotyle pomatomi Goto, 1899 (Polistomata, Microcotylidae) na Baia de Guanabara. Atlas Soc Biol de Rio de Janeiro, 14, 131–133.
  15. Rego AA, Vicente JJ, Santos CP, Wekid RM, 1983. Parasitas de anchovas Pomatomus saltatrixdo Rio de Janeiro. Ciene Cult (1983), 1329–1336.
  16. Luque, José Luis; Chaves, Nilton Domingos (1999). Ecologia da comunidade de metazoários parasitos da anchova Pomatomus saltator (Linnaeus) (Osteichthyes, Pomatomidae) do litoral do estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia. 16 (3): 711–723.
  17. Sezen Y. and Price C., 1967 – The parasites of Turkish Fishes Part I, redescriptions of two monogenetic trematodes from marine Fishes, Istanbul University, Journal of Science Faculty, 33, 1–2, 59–66.
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