Messerschmitt Kabinenroller

The Messerschmitt Kabinenroller (Messerschmitt Cabin Scooter) was a series of microcars made by Messerschmitt from 1953 to 1956 and by Fahrzeug- und Maschinenbau GmbH, Regensburg (FMR) from 1956 to 1964. All the Messerschmitt and FMR production cars used the Kabinenroller's monocoque structure, featuring tandem seating and usually a bubble canopy.

Messerschmitt Kabinenroller
Overview
ManufacturerMesserschmitt (1953-1956)
Fahrzeug- und Maschinenbau GmbH, Regensburg (1956-1964)
Also calledKaro, Mivalino (Italian-built KR175s)
Production1953-1964
AssemblyGermany: Regensburg (Regensburger Stahl- u. Maschinenbau (1953-1956), Fahrzeug- und Maschinenbau GmbH, Regensburg (1956-1964))
Italy: Brescia (Metalmeccanica Italiana Valtrompio s.p.a.) (1954-1956)[1]
Body and chassis
Classmicrocar
LayoutRMR
Body style(s)Tandem 2-seat three-wheeler (except Tg500 with four wheels) with side-opening canopy: saloon, cabriolet, or open roadster, depending on canopy style.
Vehicles
Powertrain
Engine(s)KR: Fichtel & Sachs two-stroke single cylinder[2]
  • KR175: 173 cc
  • KR200: 191 cc
Tg500: 494 cc two-stroke straight-twin engine
Transmission(s)KR: Four forward speeds, sequential, unsynchronized[2]
Tg500: 4 speed H-pattern plus reverse[3]
Dimensions
WheelbaseKR: 2,029.5 mm (79.9 in)[4][5]
Tg500: 1,884.7 mm (74.2 in)[3]
LengthKR: 2,819.4 mm (111 in)[4][5]
Tg500: 2,997.2 mm (118 in)[3]
WidthKR: 1,219.2–1,237.0 mm (48.0–48.7 in)[4][5]
Tg500: 1,270.0 mm (50.0 in)[3]
HeightKR: 1,198.9 mm (47.2 in)[4][5]
Tg500: 1,244.6 mm (49.0 in)[3]
Curb weight218–389 kg (480–858 lb)[3][6]

The Kabinenroller platform was used for four microcars, the three-wheeled Messerschmitt KR175 (1953-1955), Messerschmitt KR200 (1955-1964) and Messerschmitt KR201, and the four-wheeled FMR Tg500 (1957-1961). The platform and all four cars using it were designed by Fritz Fend.

History

The Kabinenroller was designed and developed by Fritz Fend for Messerschmitt AG. Fend had earlier designed and built a series of unpowered and powered invalid carriages, leading up to his Fend Flitzer. Fend noticed that able-bodied people were buying Flitzers for use as personal transport.[7] This led him to believe that a mass-produced two-seat version of the Flitzer would have a ready market. A search for a manufacturer interested in the project led him to Messerschmitt, who had him develop the project for production in their Regensburg factory.[8]

The Kabinenroller was designed and developed for production in 1952 and 1953.[8] Production of the original version, the KR175, began in February 1953. 70 modifications had been made to the design by June 1953.[9]

Messerschmitt KR200-based record car at Technik Museum Speyer

The KR200 was developed on the Kabinenroller platform and replaced the KR175 in 1955. Based on the same frame and an evolution of the original suspension, the KR200 had a large number of detail changes. On 29–30 August 1955, a modified KR200 with a tuned engine, revised gear ratios, redundant control cables, a one-off streamlined body, and stock suspension, damping, steering, and brakes, was run at the Hockenheimring for twenty-four hours. During the run, the vehicle set twenty-two closed-circuit speed records for three-wheeled vehicles with displacements up to 250 cc, including the fifty-mile record at 107 km/h (66.5 mph) and the twenty-four-hour record at 103 km/h (64.0 mph).[10][11]

Design

Frame

The Kabinenroller was based on a central monocoque tub made from pressed steel sheet and tubular steel.[8] The tub tapered upward from front to rear[8] with a bulkhead at the back. The bulkhead supported a tubular steel subframe and acted as the firewall.[12] The subframe supported the engine and the rear suspension.[10][12] The engine cover was hinged to the monocoque structure.[6] The fuel tank was in the top of the engine cover and fed the carburettor by gravity.[13]

The monocoque tub, with the bulkhead at the back, a nose section at the front, and an access hatch system overhead, formed a passenger compartment for a driver and a passenger sitting in tandem.[14] The base plate on which the hatch was hinged was riveted to the right side of the monocoque tub and the nose section. The hatch was made of a steel sheet base with a glass windshield, a plexiglas bubble canopy, and a framed set of sliding windows on either side of the canopy.[6]

The tandem seating allowed the body to be long and narrow, with a low frontal area. This also allowed the body to taper like an aircraft fuselage, within a practical length.

Suspension

Front suspension of the Kr 200 Kabinenroller (the Kr175 had a different arrangement with rubber cones) was by a transverse lower arm sprung by a torsional 3-element rubber spring at the inside end. Front suspension travel was limited by rubber buffers. Rear suspension was by a trailing arm similar to a single-sided motorcycle swingarm which also formed the enclosure for the chain drive to the rear wheel. The trailing arm was suspended by another torsional rubber spring.[6][15] Hydraulic dampers were added to the design with the introduction of the KR200 in 1955; also the front track was increased at that time.[10]

Steering
Steering control for Messerschmitt KR200

The shaft of the steering control was connected directly to the track rods controlling the front wheels,[4] resulting in approximately one-third of a turn from the left extreme to the right extreme ("lock to lock").[16] The handlebar-shaped steering control would be operated with small, controlled inputs[17][18] by swivelling the steering bar about its axis from the horizontal (straight-ahead) position instead of rotating it as with a conventional steering wheel.

Tg500 sports car
Main article: FMR Tg500
Rear subassembly of a Tg500 showing the engine and parts of the suspension, including an upper spring mount on the subframe

The performance of the record car convinced Fend to design a sports car based on the Kabinenroller platform. The FMR Tg500 was introduced in 1958, two years after Fahrzeug- und Maschinenbau Gmbh, Regensburg (FMR) took over production of the Kabinenroller from Messerschmitt.[19] The Tg500 used the Kabinenroller's unit body, front bodywork, front suspension,[19] and steering system,[3] but the rear subframe and bodywork were completely different.[19]

The Tg500's most noticeable difference from other Kabinenrollern is its pair of rear wheels.[19] These were driven by halfshafts with universal joints at both ends and a sliding spline allowing the length of the shaft to vary, accommodating changes in camber angle. The wheels were suspended by control arms and coil springs with concentric hydraulic shock absorbers. The rear track was 1,044 mm (41.1 in)[3]

The tubular subframe to which the rear suspension was attached also held the drivetrain,[3] which consisted of a transversely-mounted FMR 500 L straight-twin two-stroke engine[19] and an unsynchronized four-speed transaxle with a reverse gear.[3]

The Tg500 had a front track of 1,110 mm (43.7 in),[3] up from the KR200's 1,080 mm (42.5 in).[10] It also used larger tires, 4.40 x 10[3] to the KR200's 4.40 x 8,[10] and four-wheel hydraulic brakes.[3]

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References

Citations
  1. Bruce Weiner Microcar Museum: 1954 Mivalino
  2. Wagner 1973, pp. 166, 168.
  3. Wagner 1973, p. 170.
  4. Wagner 1973, p. 167.
  5. Vorderman 1973, p. 177.
  6. Wagner 1973, p. 166.
  7. Wagner 1973, p. 164.
  8. Wagner 1973, p. 165.
  9. Bruce Weiner Microcar Museum: 1954 Messerschmitt KR175
  10. Wagner 1973, p. 168.
  11. Bobbitt 2003, p. 127.
  12. McKay 1996, p. 44.
  13. McKay 1996, pp. 44–45.
  14. Wagner 1973, pp. 165–166.
  15. McKay 1996, p. 45.
  16. Vorderman 1973, p. 174.
  17. Vorderman 1973, p. 176.
  18. McKay 1996, p. 46.
  19. Wagner 1973, p. 169.

Bibliography
  • Bobbitt, Malcolm (2003). Bubblecars and Microcars. Crowood Press. ISBN 1-86126-567-0.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Cawthon, Bill (2004-03-01). "Fritz Fend's Marvelous Micro-cars". Promotex Online. Cadabra. Archived from the original on 2004-04-15. Retrieved 23 August 2008. External link in |work= (help)CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • McKay, Malcolm (February 1996). "Cleared for take-off". Thoroughbred & Classic Cars. King's Reach Tower, Stamford Street, London SE19LS, UK: IPC Magazines. 23 (5): 42–46.CS1 maint: location (link) CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Vance, Bill (2003-04-19). "Canadian Driver: Messerschmitt, 1953–1962". Autos.ca. Trader Corp. (formerly published by CanadianDriver Communications). Archived from the original on 2011-07-18. Retrieved 19 May 2012. External link in |work= (help)CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Vorderman, Don, ed. (1973). "Under the Bubble: A Short Flight in a Messerschmitt KR200". Automobile Quarterly. 40 East 49th Street, New York, NY 10017 USA: Automobile Quarterly. 11 (2 – Second Quarter): 172–177. LCCN 62004005.CS1 maint: location (link) CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Wagner, Carl (1973). Vorderman, Don (ed.). ""Ist das nicht ein Kabinenroller?" "Ja! das ist ein Kabinenroller!" Carl Wagner takes off on Messerschmitt". Automobile Quarterly. 40 East 49th Street, New York, NY 10017 USA: Automobile Quarterly. 11 (2 – Second Quarter): 162–171. LCCN 62004005.CS1 maint: location (link) CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • "Erinnern Sie sich? Messerschmitt KR 200: Menschen in Aspik". Auto Motor u. Sport (in German). Heft 7 1976: 74–76. 27 March 1976.
  • "Bruce Weiner Microcar Museum: 1954 Messerschmitt 175". The Bruce Weiner Microcar Museum. 2007. Retrieved 23 August 2008.
  • "Bruce Weiner Microcar Museum: 1955 Messerschmitt KR200". The Bruce Weiner Microcar Museum. 2002. Retrieved 22 August 2008.
  • "Bruce Weiner Microcar Museum: 1961 Messerschmitt Service Car". The Bruce Weiner Microcar Museum. 2002. Retrieved 7 August 2009.
  • "Bruce Weiner Microcar Museum: 1964 Messerschmitt KR200 Roadster". The Bruce Weiner Microcar Museum. 2002. Retrieved 22 August 2008.
  • "Bruce Weiner Microcar Museum: 1954 Mivalino". The Bruce Weiner Microcar Museum. 2002. Retrieved 23 August 2008.
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