Mehar Singh (pilot)

Air Commodore Mehar Singh, MVC, DSO, (20 March 1915 – 11 March 1952) was a fighter pilot in the Indian Air Force. He was affectionately known as 'Mehar Baba', a sobriquet coined by Aspy Engineer.[1][2] Considered a Legend of the IAF, he last served as the Air Officer Commanding No. 1 Operational Group.[3]

Air Commodore Mehar Singh MVC, DSO
Nickname(s)	Mehar Baba
Born	(1915-03-20)20 March 1915 Lyallpur, Punjab, British India
Died	11 March 1952(1952-03-11) (aged 36) Delhi, India
Allegiance	British India (1936-1947)  India (from 1947)
Service/branch	Indian Air Force (1936-1947)  Indian Air Force (1947-1952)
Years of service	1936 – 1948
Rank	Air Commodore
Unit	No. 1 Squadron IAF
Commands held	No 1 Operational Group No. 6 Squadron IAF No. 3 Squadron IAF
Battles/wars	World War II Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948
Awards	Maha Vir Chakra Distinguished Service Order

Early life and education

Mehar Singh was born on 20 March 1915 at Lyallpur (now Faisalabad in Pakistan). He was selected for the Royal Air Force College Cranwell (RAFC), England in 1933 while he was in the final year of Bachelor of Science and joined in 1934. He performed exceedingly well at Cranwell which impressed college authorities.

Air Vice Marshall H. M. Grave, Commandant, RAFC wrote of Singh:

Keen, cheerful, hardworking and popular. His work compares favourably with that of English cadets. A creditable effort! An exceptionally good pilot, keen on games and has represented the college at hockey of which he is an excellent player.[4]

Military career

Singh was commissioned as a Pilot Officer in August 1936 and posted to No. 1 Squadron, then the only squadron in RAF India. It was raised on 1 April 1933 at Karachi with four Westland Wapiti aircraft. The Indian element consisted of six officers and nine technicians then known as Hawai Sepoys. Singh was amongst the first six pioneering officers who joined the squadron. Flight Lieutenant C. A. Bouchier, DFC, an officer of the Royal Air Force (RAF) was the first Commanding Officer of the Squadron.

General William Slim about Mehar Singh and his squadron

"I was particularly impressed with the conduct of the Squadron led by a young Sikh Squadron Leader (Mehar Singh). They were a happy and efficient unit."

[5]

In 1937, Flying Officer Singh and his Air gunner Ghulam Ali were attacking a tribal post at Shaider, when his fuel tank was hit by rifle fire. He had to crash-land the Wapiti in rocky terrain and had to evade the hostile tribesman searching for them to make it back to the Army lines. It was late in the afternoon, Singh and Ali extricated the Lewis gun and took refuge in a cave as hostile tribesmen searched for them. At nightfall, the airmen walked back without maps, evading the hostiles and returned safely.

Under the leadership of Singh, No. 6 Squadron IAF with its Hawker Hurricane aircraft, came to be known as 'The Eyes of the 14th Army', which was commanded by General William Slim.

Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948

After the accession of Jammu and Kashmir on 26 October 1947, the first Indian Army units were airlifted to Srinagar, starting with the 1st battalion Sikh Regiment (1 Sikh) led by Lieutenant Colonel Dewan Ranjit Rai. An entire infantry brigade was to be airlifted. Mehar Singh was the first pilot to land at Srinagar and as the AOC No. 1 Operational Group, he inducted the troops in just five days. Lord Mountbatten lauded this feat, saying that he didn't know of an instance of an airlift being effected in such a short time.[6]

Singh then established an air bridge to Poonch. He personally piloted the first aircraft and landed at Poonch Airport. The airstrip was surrounded by streams on three sides and has a steep approach. Against heavy odds, he landed a Douglas with three tons of load against normal rated load of one ton. Moreover, he did so without any landing aids, the airstrip being lit with the help of oil lamps.[7]

Singh was also the first pilot to land in Leh in Ladakh.[8] Along with Major General K S Thimayya as passenger, led a flight of Six Dakotas of No. 12 Squadron IAF across the Himalayas, towering up to 24000 feet negotiating the Zoji La and Fotu La passes and landed at an improvised sandy airstrip next to the Indus river at a height of 11540 feet. Singh did this without de-icing equipment, cabin pressurisation or route maps.[9]

Awards and decorations

Distinguished Service Order

In March 1944, then Acting Squadron Leader Mehar Singh was awarded the Distinguished Service Order (DSO), the only officer of the Indian Air Force to have won this award.

The citation of the DSO reads as follows:[10]

CITATION

ACTING SQUADRON LEADER MEHAR SINGH

(Ind. 1559), Indian Air Force, No. 6 (I.A.F.) Squadron

This officer has completed a very large number of operations, and has displayed great skill, courage and determination. He is a most inspiring leader, whose example has been reflected in the fine fighting spirit of the squadron. This officer has rendered most valuable service.

Maha Vir Chakra

On 26 January 1950, when the Awards and decorations of the Indian Armed Forces were established, Air Commodore Mehar Singh was awarded the second-highest war-time military decoration, the Maha Vir Chakra (MVC).

The citation of the MVC reads as follows:[11][12]

CITATION

AIR COMMODORE MEHAR SINGH, DSO

(1559), GD(P)

Throughout his tenure as AOC No. 1 Group controlling operations in Jammu & Kashmir, Air Commodore Mehar Singh displayed great devotion to duty at personal risks and set an example to those serving under him. He was the first pilot to land an aircraft at the emergency landing ground at Poonch and at Leh. These tasks were not part of his duty but in view of the fact that these were hazardous tasks he was first to carry them out to give confidence to his junior pilots.

Resignation and life after IAF

Singh resigned from the IAF on 27 September 1948, over differences with some senior officers on service matters, instead of getting involved in controversy.[13] After his retirement, Singh served as the personal adviser to the Maharaja of Patiala Yadavindra Singh, the Rajpramukh of Patiala and East Punjab States Union (PEPSU).[14]

Death

On the night of 16 March 1952, Singh was flying from Jammu to New Delhi and was caught in a storm, killing him.[15]

Legacy

Singh was considered to be a legendary pilot and a flying prodigy.[16] He was the first pilot to land in Srinagar, Poonch, Leh and Daulat Beg Oldi. In a relatively short career of 12 years, he rose to the rank of Air Commodore and was decorated with two war-time gallantry awards.

In 2018, the Indian Air Force constituted the Meher Baba Prize in the honour of Air Commodore Mehar Singh for drones development.[17] Singh won the awe and adulation of both seniors and men under him during his association with the Royal Indian Air Force (RIAF). Air Marshal Asghar Khan, an officer under Singh in the pre-partition RIAF, who later became the Chief of Air Staff of the Pakistan Air Force, once said: With the solitary exception of Squadron Leader Mehar Singh, a pilot of outstanding ability, no one was able to inspire confidence among us.[18]

References

1. Sikhs in Indian Air force
2. "Legends Of Indian Air Force". Archived from the original on 24 October 2014. Retrieved 22 October 2014.
3. "PRESS INFORMATION BUREAU (DEFENCE WING)" (PDF). pibarchive.nic.in.
4. "Beyond The Last Blue Mountain". Archived from the original on 26 March 2015. Retrieved 22 October 2014.
5. Slim, Field-Marshal Viscount William. Defeat into victory : battling Japan in Burma and India, 1942-1945 ; with a new introduction by David W. Hogan Jr (1stition ed.). p. 234. ISBN 978-0815410225.
6. Service, Tribune News. "A giant leap that saved Srinagar in 1947". Tribuneindia News Service.
7. "1948 OPS | Indian Air Force | Government of India". indianairforce.nic.in.
8. "PRESS INFORMATION BUREAU(DEFENCE WING)" (PDF). pibarchive.nic.in.
9. "1948 OPS | Indian Air Force | Government of India". indianairforce.nic.in.
10. "the London Gazette". thegazette.co.uk.
11. "MAHA VIR CHAKRA FOR AIR COMMODORE MEHAR SINGH" (PDF). pibarchive.nic.in.
12. "AIR CMDE MEHAR SINGH | Gallantry Awards". gallantryawards.gov.in.
13. "PRESS INFORMATION BUREAU (DEFENCE WING)" (PDF). pibarchive.nic.in.
14. "Remembering the air fighter who knew no fear". Eh Mera Punjab.
15. Remembering the air fighter who knew no fear
16. "Air CMDE Mehar Singh | Indian Air Force | Government of India". indianairforce.nic.in.
17. "IAF announces 'Mehar Baba Prize' for drones development". uniindia.com.
18. Air Commodore Mehar Singh

Military offices
Preceded by First Holder	Air Officer Commanding No. 1 Operational Group 1947–1948	Succeeded by Aspy Engineer