Maxillarieae
Maxillarieae is a large and complex tribe of orchids native to South and Central America. Within the tribe there are eight subtribes one of which is that of the genus Maxillaria.
Maxillarieae | |
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Coconut orchid (Maxillaria tenuifolia) | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Monocots |
Order: | Asparagales |
Family: | Orchidaceae |
Subfamily: | Epidendroideae |
Tribe: | Maxillarieae |
Genera | |
70-80, See text |
Tribe Maxillarieae contains 70 to 80 genera with about 1,000 species; most grow in tropical America as terrestrials or epiphytes, a few are myco-heterotrophs (formerly called saprophytes). Most show pseudobulbs, but a few have reedlike stems or thick underground stems. Blooms have four pollinia.
- Subtribe Corallorhizinae: all epiparasites.
- Genera: Aplectrum, Corallorrhiza
- Subtribe Zygopetalinae: about 150 species. Most exhibited hybrids are to be found in this subtribe.
- Alliance Warrea
- Alliance Zygopetalum
- Genera: Acacallis, Aganisia, Batemannia, Bollea, Cheiradenia, Chondrorhyncha, Cochleanthes, Colax, Pabstia, Promenaea, Zygopetalum
- Alliance Bollea
- Genera: Bollea, Chondrorhyncha, Cochleanthes, Huntleya, Kefersteinia, Pescatoria, Stenia
- Alliance Vargasiella
- Genera: Vargasiella
- Unallied Genera within Zygopetalinae
- Alliance Hybrids (Nothogenerics)
- Genera: Aitkenara, Bateostylis, Bollopetalum, Chondrobollea, Cochella, Cochlecaste, Cochlenia, Downsara, Durutyara, Hamelwellsara, Huntleanthes, Kanzerara, Keferanthes, Lancebirkara, Otocolax, Otonisia, Palmerara, Rotorara, Zygocaste, Zygolum, Zygonisia, Zygostylis
- Subtribe Bifrenariinae: thin and pleated leaves.
- Genera: Bifrenaria, Xylobium
- Subtribe Lycastinae: thin and pleated leaves.
- Genera: Anguloa, Bifrenaria, Lycaste, Neomoorea, Rudolfiella, Sudamerlycaste Teuscheria, Xylobium
- Subtribe Stanhopeinae:
- Genera: Acineta, Archivea, Braemia, Cirrhaea, Coryanthes, Embreea, Gongora, Horichia, Houlletia, Jennyella, Kegeliella, Lacaena, Lueddemannia, Paphinia, Polycycnis, Schlimmia, Sievekingia, Soterosanthus, Stanhopea, Trevoria, Vasqueziella
- Subtribe Coeliopsidinae:
- Genera: Coeliopsis, Lycomormium, Peristeria
- Subtribe Maxillariinae: largest subtribe with nearly half of the tribe species. The leathery leaves are conduplicate, i.e. folded together lengthwise.
- Subtribe Dichaeinae
- Genera: Dichaea
- Subtribe Telipogoninae
- Genera: Telipogon, Trichoceros
- Subtribe Ornithocephalinae
- Genera: Ornithocephalus, Zygostates
![](../I/m/Dichaea_squarrosa.jpg)
Dichaea squarrosa in Chiapas, Mexico
References
- W. Mark Whitten, Norris H. Williams and Mark W. Chase (2000). "Subtribal and generic relationships of Maxillarieae (Orchidaceae) with emphasis on Stanhopeinae: combined molecular evidence". American Journal of Botany. American Journal of Botany, Vol. 87, No. 12. 87 (12): 1842–1856. doi:10.2307/2656837. JSTOR 2656837. PMID 11118422. - on line here
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