Marilyn Kozak

Marilyn S. Kozak Ph.D. is a Professor of Biochemistry at the Robert Wood Johnson Medical School. She was previously at the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey before the school was merged. She was awarded a Ph.D in microbiology by Johns Hopkins University studying the synthesis of the Bacteriophage MS2, advised by Daniel Nathans.[1][2] In her original faculty job proposal, she sought to study the mechanism of eukaryotic translation initiation, a problem long thought to have already been solved by Joan Steitz. [3] While in the Department of Biological Sciences at University of Pittsburgh, she published a series of studies that established the scanning model of translation initiation and the Kozak consensus sequence.[4][5][6] Her current research interests are unknown as her last publication was in 2008.[7]

Marilyn S. Kozak
Born (1943-07-08) July 8, 1943
Akron, Ohio
NationalityAmerican
Alma materJohns Hopkins University
Known forKozak consensus sequence
Scientific career
FieldsMicrobiology
InstitutionsRobert Wood Johnson Medical School
Doctoral advisorDaniel Nathans
Other academic advisorsAaron Shatkin

Recognition

Marilyn Kozak was listed as one of the top 10 Women Scientists of the 80's in an article published by The Scientist. This was awarded based on the number of citations for their published work between 1981-1988. During this time, Kozak had 3,107 citations.[4] Her most cited work was from 1984, entitled "Compilation and analysis of sequences upstream from the translational start site in eukaryotic mRNAs".[8] This paper highlighted the research that brought the known cellular mRNAs from 32 to 166.

Controversy

In March 2001, Kozak published a mini-review in the Journal of Molecular and Cellular Biology entitled "New Ways of Initiating Translation in Eukaryotes?" that resulted in push-back from the scientific community.[9] In her publication, Kozak discussed her hesitation towards the role of internal ribosome entry sites (IRES). This was most heavily refuted by Robert Schneider, who published a response article of the same name in the same Journal in Dec. 2001.[10] In this response, Schneider claimed that in publishing her mini-review, Kozak hoped to increase the validity of her own findings. He further stated that Kozak's publication was not up to scholarly standards and should not have been accepted into the Journal of Molecular and Cellular Biology.[10] Later impacts of this controversy, including a suggestion that Kozak was defunded by the National Institute of Health (NIH), was explored in the blog post "First Human Bioinformatician Criticizes Bad Science Of NIH-Funded Bigshots Disappears", written in 2015.[11]

Contributions

Along with her published work, Kozak has contributed to the scientific community with her role on the editorial board for the Journal of Molecular and Cellular Biology. She has been listed intermittently as an editor between the years 1983-1991.[12][13][14]

Selected works

This is a selection of Kozak's work but not a complete list.

  • Kozak, M (October 1987). "An analysis of 5'-noncoding sequences from 699 vertebrate messenger RNAs". Nucleic Acids Res. 15 (20): 8125–48. doi:10.1093/nar/15.20.8125. PMC 306349. PMID 3313277.[5]
  • Kozak, M (November 1991). "An analysis of vertebrate mRNA sequences: intimations of translational control". J. Cell Biol. 115 (4): 887–903. doi:10.1083/jcb.115.4.887. PMC 2289952. PMID 1955461.[15]
  • Kozak, M (1986). "Influences of mRNA secondary structure on initiation by eukaryotic ribosomes". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 83 (9): 2850–4. Bibcode:1986PNAS...83.2850K. doi:10.1073/pnas.83.9.2850. PMC 323404. PMID 3458245.[16]
  • Kozak, M. (1989). "The scanning model for translation: an update". The Journal of Cell Biology. 108 (2): 229–241. doi:10.1083/jcb.108.2.229. PMC 2115416. PMID 2645293..
  • Kozak, M (1987). "At least six nucleotides preceding the AUG initiator codon enhance translation in mammalian cells". J Mol Biol. 196 (4): 947–50. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(87)90418-9. PMID 3681984.[17]
  • Kozak, M (January 1986). "Point mutations define a sequence flanking the AUG initiator codon that modulates translation by eukaryotic ribosomes". Cell. 44 (2): 283–92. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(86)90762-2. PMID 3943125.[18]
  • Kozak, M (1981). "Possible role of flanking nucleotides in recognition of the AUG initiator codon by eukaryotic ribosomes". Nucleic Acids Res. 9 (20): 5233–52. doi:10.1093/nar/9.20.5233. PMC 327517. PMID 7301588.[19]
  • Kozak, M (2008). "Faulty old ideas about translational regulation paved the way for current confusion about how microRNAs function". Gene. 423 (2): 108–15. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2008.07.013. PMID 18692553.[7]
gollark: Does it? Hmm.
gollark: As they say, multiple exclamation marks are a sure sign of a deranged mind.
gollark: It's not a real keyboard unless it causes minor earthquakes upon each keypress.
gollark: How uncool.
gollark: I wanted one but could never really justify spending the cash money.

References
  1. Kozak, M; Nathans, D (March 1972). "Translation of the genome of a ribonucleic acid bacteriophage". Bacteriological Reviews. 36 (1): 109–34. doi:10.1128/MMBR.36.1.109-134.1972. PMC 378432. PMID 4555183.
  2. Kozak, M; Nathans, D (14 September 1972). "Differential inhibition of coliphage MS2 protein synthesis by ribosome-directed antibiotics". Journal of Molecular Biology. 70 (1): 41–55. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(72)90162-3. PMID 4561347.
  3. Kozak, Marilyn (4 October 1993). "Identifying AUG Initiator Codons" (PDF). Citation Classic Commentaries. 36 (40). Retrieved 4 July 2015.
  4. Grissom, Abigail (15 October 1990). "Research: Top 10 Women Scientists Of The '80s: Making A Difference". The Scientist. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
  5. Kozak, M (26 October 1987). "An analysis of 5'-noncoding sequences from 699 vertebrate messenger RNAs". Nucleic Acids Research. 15 (20): 8125–48. doi:10.1093/nar/15.20.8125. PMC 306349. PMID 3313277.
  6. Kozak, M (31 January 1986). "Point mutations define a sequence flanking the AUG initiator codon that modulates translation by eukaryotic ribosomes". Cell. 44 (2): 283–92. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(86)90762-2. PMID 3943125.
  7. Kozak, Marilyn (2008-11-01). "Faulty old ideas about translational regulation paved the way for current confusion about how microRNAs function". Gene. 423 (2): 108–115. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2008.07.013. ISSN 0378-1119. PMID 18692553.
  8. Kozak, Marilyn (1984-01-25). "Compilation and analysis of sequences upstream from the translational start site in eukaryotic mRNAs". Nucleic Acids Research. 12 (2): 857–872. doi:10.1093/nar/12.2.857. ISSN 0305-1048. PMC 318541. PMID 6694911.
  9. Kozak, Marilyn (2001-03-15). "New Ways of Initiating Translation in Eukaryotes?". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 21 (6): 1899–1907. doi:10.1128/MCB.21.6.1899-1907.2001. ISSN 0270-7306. PMC 86772. PMID 11238926.
  10. Schneider, Robert (2001). "New Ways of Initiating Translation in Eukaryotes?". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 21 (23): 8238–8246. doi:10.1128/MCB.21.23.8238-8246.2001. ISSN 0270-7306. PMC 99989. PMID 11710333.
  11. "First Human Bioinformatician Criticizes Bad Science of NIH-funded Bigshots, Disappears". Homolog.us. Retrieved 2019-02-05.
  12. "Molecular and Cellular Biology Editorial Board" (PDF). Journal of Molecular and Cellular Biology. 1983. PMC 368623.
  13. "Molecular and Cellular Biology Editorial Board" (PDF). Journal of Molecular and Cellular Biology. 1988.
  14. "Molecular and Cellular Biology Editorial Board" (PDF). Journal of Molecular and Cellular Biology. 1991.
  15. Kozak, M. (1991-11-15). "An analysis of vertebrate mRNA sequences: intimations of translational control". The Journal of Cell Biology. 115 (4): 887–903. doi:10.1083/jcb.115.4.887. ISSN 0021-9525. PMC 2289952. PMID 1955461.
  16. Kozak, M. (1986-05-01). "Influences of mRNA secondary structure on initiation by eukaryotic ribosomes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 83 (9): 2850–2854. Bibcode:1986PNAS...83.2850K. doi:10.1073/pnas.83.9.2850. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 323404. PMID 3458245.
  17. Kozak, Marilyn (1987-08-20). "At least six nucleotides preceding the AUG initiator codon enhance translation in mammalian cells". Journal of Molecular Biology. 196 (4): 947–950. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(87)90418-9. ISSN 0022-2836. PMID 3681984.
  18. Kozak, Marilyn (January 1986). "Point mutations define a sequence flanking the AUG initiator codon that modulates translation by eukaryotic ribosomes". Cell. 44 (2): 283–292. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(86)90762-2. ISSN 0092-8674. PMID 3943125.
  19. Kozak, Marilyn (1981-10-24). "Possible role of flanking nucleotides in recognition of the AUG initiator codon by eukaryotic ribosomes". Nucleic Acids Research. 9 (20): 5233–5252. doi:10.1093/nar/9.20.5233. ISSN 0305-1048. PMC 327517. PMID 7301588.
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