Marburg Files

The Marburg Files, also known as the Windsor Files or Duke of Windsor Files, were a series of top-secret foreign minister archives discovered in Germany, May 1945 near the Harz Mountains and compiled at Marburg Castle, Hesse.[1][2]

Discovery

Whilst American troops were travelling through the outskirts of Degenershausen Estate, vast amounts of abandoned and destroyed German military vehicles were scattered among the side roads, with some containing various amounts of archives from the Nazi German government. First Lieutenant David D. Silberberg initially discovered documents signed by foreign minister of Nazi Germany Joachim von Ribbentrop, and returned to Degenershausen to further the background of his findings. After being advised of the locations Meisdorf House and Marburg Castle, he escorted intelligence officers to the sites where a number of items were discovered.[3] During this time, American troops arrested a German soldier named Karl von Loesch, an assistant to Hitler's personal translator Paul-Otto Schmidt, as he was retreating from Treffurt, near Eisenach.[4] Schmidt had instructed him to destroy all the top-secret papers which he had placed in archives. Von Loesch destroyed the majority, but privately decided to keep a certain amount, and interred them in the grounds near the outskirts of Marburg.[3][5] He was subsequently by chance introduced to Lieutenant Colonel R. C. Thomson, chief of the British documents team, and offered to lead Thomson's team to the location of the buried correspondence in exchange for his eluding of trial and freedom.[6]

Around 400 tonnes worth of material was exhumed by the United States military before being transported to Marburg Castle for review.[7] Upon inspection, at least sixty documents appeared to contain correspondence between the Duke of Windsor and Nazi-German high-command.[8] American diplomats examined the contents before relaying a mix of original drafts and replicas to the British government. Prime Minister Winston Churchill discussed the files with King George VI who insisted the files be suppressed and never be released to the public.[9] The entire collection was sent to the United Kingdom in 1948 and housed at Whaddon Hall, Buckinghamshire.[1][6]

Contents

The 60 papers of correspondence discovered are alleged to have further detailed a plot by the Nazis, titled Operation Willi and orchestrated in 1940, to persuade the Duke of Windsor to officially join sides with the Nazis and move him to Germany in a bid to bring the UK to peace negotiations. It proposed convincing the Duke of a phony plot by King George VI and Prime Minister Winston Churchill to have him assassinated upon his arrival in The Bahamas, and conspiring with him to stage a kidnapping in the hope of blackmailing the monarchy and the UK into surrender.[10] The papers are also alleged to show the possibility of the Nazis' plan to reinstate the Duke as king, whilst also officially recognising his wife, Wallis, as queen, in exchange for Nazi forces being given free movement across Europe.[11][12]

Documents considered the most damning for the royal family were among his final communications with the Nazis before his departure to the Bahamas, in which it was stated the Duke encouraged relentless bombing attacks on the United Kingdom in a bid to force the British government to begin peace negotiations.[13] There is not believed to be any form of evidence that the Duke accepted any terms offered by the Nazis in a bid to co-operate with Operation Willi, believing he was initially more impressed by the encouragement he had from the British government to become Governor of the Bahamas,[7] but some documents are alleged to confirm he sympathised with their ideologies, and maintained the war would not have happened had he remained monarch.[7][8]

Release

British, French and American historians initially agreed to work together from 1946 in hope of releasing only documents that they felt were essential to release. The first batch was released in 1954, before the entire volume was forced into publication in 1957 with further files released in 1996 at the Public Record Office in Kew.[6][9][7] The release of the files was reported to have caused the Duke considerable annoyance.[14] It has been stated that access remains fragmentary.[7]

The Marburg Files are the main subject and focus of the episode "Vergangenheit" ("The Past") of the Netflix television series The Crown,[15] which depicts Queen Elizabeth II's initial review of the documents and is thereafter seen to banish the Duke of Windsor from the family as a result. Despite confirming that Queen Elizabeth did condemn the Duke for the contents of the documents, historians have stated that the episode's implication that the Duke was banished from the royal family upon release of the Marburg Files is false. He remained in contact with his family and public appearances continued.[14]

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gollark: `int` is 2 bytes, so -32768 to 32767 works.
gollark: It can still handle variables more than 8 bits.
gollark: > the arduino is an 8bit device anything that's more than 255 overflows???

See also
  • Edward VIII abdication crisis
  • Cultural depictions of Edward VIII of the United Kingdom
  • The Blitz

References
  1. "German Foreign Ministry and Italian documents 1867-1945 captured by the British". The National Archives of the United Kingdom. Retrieved August 14, 2018.
  2. "M1948 Records Concerning the Central Collecting Points ("Ardella Hall Collection"): Marburg Central Collecting Point, 1945–1949" (PDF). National Archives and Records Administration of the United States. Retrieved August 22, 2019.
  3. Beckers, Yuri (2018-01-09). "The Marburg Files: How was the 9th Infantry Division involved?". 9th Infantry Division in WWII. Retrieved August 14, 2018.
  4. "Arrest of Karl von Loesch (permanent deputy of chief government interpreter, Dr Schmidt)..." The National Archives of the United Kingdom. 1947. Retrieved August 14, 2018.
  5. "German War Documents Project: German Foreign Ministry and other related Archives: Selection of Documents made by the German War Documents Project: Microfilms and files". The National Archives of the United Kingdom. Retrieved August 14, 2018.
  6. Kent, George (1961). "The German Foreign Ministry's Archives at Whaddon Hall, 1948-58". American Archivist. 24 (1): 43–54. doi:10.17723/aarc.24.1.w43046451p884252.
  7. Debnath, Neela (December 23, 2017). "The Crown season 2: What are the Marburg Files? Was Edward VIII friends with Hitler?". Daily Express.
  8. Day, Peter (January 1, 2014). "MI5 came to the Royal Family's rescue over Duke of Windsor files". William Prynne's ears.
  9. Holland, Brynn (December 20, 2017). "Watching The Crown? Here Are the Real Facts You Need to Know". History.com. A&E Television Networks.
  10. Niderost, Eric (November 8, 2016). "Operation Willi: The Nazi Plot to Kidnap the Duke Of Windsor". Warfare History Network. Sovereign Media. Retrieved August 14, 2018.
  11. "Winston Churchill concealed WW2 files showing Nazi plot to restore Edward VIII to throne". Express. July 20, 2017. Retrieved August 14, 2018.
  12. Fane Saunders, Tristam (December 14, 2017). "The Duke, the Nazis, and a very British cover-up: the true story behind The Crown's Marburg Files". The Telegraph.
  13. Katz, Brigit (July 21, 2017). "Newly Released Documents Reveal Churchill's Efforts to Suppress Details of Nazi Plot". Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved August 14, 2018.
  14. "How accurate is The Crown? We sort fact from fiction in the royal drama". The Times. December 19, 2017. Retrieved January 17, 2020.
  15. Power, Ed (December 9, 2017). "The Crown, season 2, episode 6 review: a welcome return from Jared Harris as Edward's Nazi past catches up with him". The Telegraph. Retrieved August 14, 2018.
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