Manufacturing USA

The National Network for Manufacturing Innovation (NNMI), also known as Manufacturing USA, is a network of research institutes in the United States that focuses on developing manufacturing technologies through public-private partnerships among U.S. industry, universities, and federal government agencies. Modeled[1] similar[2] to Germany's Fraunhofer Institutes, the network currently consists of 14 institutes. The institutes work independently and together[3] in a number of advanced technologies.[4]

Institutes
Institute Technology Location
National Additive Manufacturing Innovation Institute (AmericaMakes) 3D Printing / additive manufacturing Youngstown, Ohio
Manufacturing times Digital (MxD) Digital manufacturing Chicago, Illinois
Lightweight Innovations for Tomorrow (LIFT) Lightweight materials Detroit, Michigan
Next Generation Power Electronics Institute (PowerAmerica) Wide-bandgap semiconductors Raleigh, North Carolina
Institute for Advanced Composites Manufacturing Innovation (IACMI) Composite materials Knoxville, Tennessee
American Institute for Manufacturing Integrated Photonics (AIM Photonics) Photonic integrated circuits Rochester, New York
Flexible Hybrid Electronics Manufacturing Innovation Institute (NextFlex) Flexible electronics San Jose, California
Advanced Functional Fabrics of America (AFFOA) Textiles Cambridge, Massachusetts
Smart Manufacturing Innovation Institute Smart manufacturing Los Angeles, California
National Institute for Innovation in Manufacturing Biopharmaceuticals (NIIMBL) Biopharmacetuical Newark, Delaware
Advanced Regenerative Manufacturing Institute (ARMI) | (BioFabUSA) Regenerative medicine / tissue engineering Manchester, New Hampshire
Advanced Robotics Manufacturing (ARM) Human-Collaborative-Robotics/ Artificial Intelligence / Automation Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Rapid Advancement in Process Intensification Deployment (RAPID) Process Intensification / modularization New York, New York
Reducing EMbodied-energy And Decreasing Emissions (REMADE) Design for Reuse / ReManufacturing Rochester, New York

History

In June 2011, United States President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST) recommended that the federal government launch an advanced manufacturing initiative of public-private partnerships to support "academia and industry for applied research on new technologies and design methodologies." The recommendation called for $500 million per year to be appropriated to the Departments of Defense, Commerce and Energy, increasing to $1 billion per year over four years.[5][6]

The NNMI was proposed in the President's fiscal year 2013 budget and formally unveiled by the administration several weeks later in March 2012. The proposal called for a joint federal effort between the Department of Defense, Department of Energy, National Science Foundation and the Department of Commerce's National Institute of Standards and Technology to create a network[1] of 15 regional institutes, funded by a one-time investment of $1 billion and carried out over a period of 10 years.[6][7][8][9] The administration reprogramed $45 million of existing resources from the Departments of Defense, Energy, Commerce and the National Science Foundation through executive action to fund a pilot, proof-of-concept institute for the program.[7][8][10] In May the Department of Defense solicited proposals from consortiums led by nonprofit organizations and universities to establish an additive manufacturing (which includes 3D printing) research institute to serve as the prototype facility.[8][9][11]

The NAMII logo

In August, 2012 the government announced the winning proposal, the National Additive Manufacturing Innovation Institute (NAMII), also known as AmericaMakes led by the National Center for Defense Manufacturing and Machining and based in Youngstown, Ohio.[7][9] The consortium's members include 40 companies, nine research universities, five community colleges and 11 nonprofit organizations.[9] AmericaMakes was established with an initial federal government investment of $30 million, while the consortium contributed almost $40 million in additional funding.[7] The administration stated that it expected AmericaMakes to become financially self-sustaining.[12] In May 2013, the administration announced the establishment of three additional institutes using $200 million in funding through two federal agencies: the Departments of Defense, and Energy.[13][12][11]

Additional Manufacturing USA institutes were competitively selected Departments of Defense and Energy.

In September 2016, the NNMI adopted the name "Manufacturing USA".[14][15]

Additional Manufacturing USA institutes were competitively selected by Departments of Defense, Commerce, and Energy.

As of 2018, Manufacturing USA consists of fourteen institutes. Eight are managed in part by the Department of Defense. Six are managed in part the Department of Energy. One is managed in part by the Department of Commerce.[14][15]

Model

According to the Manufacturing USA original proposal, it would consist of up to 15 linked[7] institutes with unique research concentrations to serve as regional manufacturing innovation hubs with spokes that link to project locations as seen represented by the various linked activities across the network.[3] Each institute would be independently run by a nonprofit organization and form a public-private partnership designed to leverage existing resources and promote collaboration and co-investment between industry, universities and government agencies.[7][1] The network is designed to address the inconsistency in U.S economic and innovation policy in that federal research and development (R&D) investments and tax incentives are not matched by corresponding incentives to encourage the domestic manufacture of the technologies and products that arise from this R&D.[8] The goal of the institutes is to develop, showcase and reduce risks sufficiently so that commercial companies can commercialize new products and processes for domestic production, as well as to train a manufacturing workforce at all skill levels to enhance domestic manufacturing capabilities.[6][7] Institute activities include connecting proven basic research to additional problem solving that ranges from basic to applied research and demonstration projects that reduce the cost and risk of commercializing new technologies or that solve generic industrial problems, education and training, development of methodologies and practices for supply-chain integration, and engagement with small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises.[8]

Critics of Manufacturing USA have argued taxes and burdensome regulations are the most pressing problems facing U.S. manufacturers.[16][17] Supporters counter that the U.S. government has a long history of successful investments in R&D to support innovation in U.S. industry.[16] Others argue that the Manufacturing USA can help alleviate two key market failures that plague industrial innovation, namely that innovators generally do not capture the full economic benefits that their innovations provide and thus achieving the optimal level of R&D investment requires government support, and the so-called "valley of death" problem in which no single business can afford the risk or the cost to invest or where businesses tend not to invest in long-term R&D projects with profits that are far in the future.[17][18] Additionally, supporters argue that the Manufacturing USA will create a more attractive domestic environment for manufacturing, and thus will encourage manufacturers to locate production facilities in the United States.[18] Already there are a few examples of placement of new manufacturing or growth of existing manufacturing in the United States to engage the expertise and facilities of Manufacturing USA.

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See also

References
  1. National Science and Technology Council, Advanced Manufacturing National Program Office (January 2013). National Network for Manufacturing Innovation: A Preliminary Design (PDF). Executive Office of the President of the United States. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 13, 2013.
  2. Council, National Research (2012-07-06). "Rising to the Challenge - U.S. Innovation Policy for the Global Economy (2012) Consensus Study Report". National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine - National Academies Press - Consensus Study Reports. doi:10.17226/13386.
  3. "Manufacturing USA third-party assessment report of program design and impact | Deloitte US". Deloitte United States. January 2017. Retrieved 2018-08-17.
  4. "Manufacturing USA member institutes and technologies". Manufacturing USA Institutes and Technologies. Retrieved 2018-08-17.
  5. United States President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (June 2011). Report to the President on Ensuring American Leadership in Advanced Manufacturing (PDF). Executive Office of the President of the United States. p. iv. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 16, 2013.
  6. McCormack, Richard A. (February 28, 2012). "Obama Will Unveil $1-Billion National Manufacturing Innovation Network Initiative Based On Germany's Fraunhofer Institute". Manufacturing & Technology News. 19 (3). Archived from the original on May 11, 2013.
  7. "Manufacturing USA - includes the national network". Advanced Manufacturing Portal.
  8. "From Discovery to Scale-up: About the National Network for Manufacturing Innovation". Advanced Manufacturing Portal. Archived from the original on February 13, 2013.
  9. Sargent, John F., Jr. (August 28, 2012). The Obama Administration’s Proposal to Establish a National Network for Manufacturing Innovation (PDF). Congressional Research Service. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 30, 2013.
  10. "$1-Billion National Advanced Manufacturing Network Will Take Off With Or Without Congressional Approval". Manufacturing & Technology News. 19 (4). March 16, 2012. p. 8.
  11. Tonkin, Lea (May 27, 2013). "National Manufacturing Innovation Network Gains Momentum". Manufacturing Pulse. Archived from the original on June 20, 2013. Retrieved June 17, 2013.
  12. "Obama Administration Launches Competition for Three New Manufacturing Innovation Institutes" (Press release). White House Office of the Press Secretary. May 9, 2013. Archived from the original on May 16, 2013.
  13. Palmer, Chris (May 13, 2013). "Obama administration announces manufacturing institutes". NewsBlog. Nature.com.
  14. "National Network for Manufacturing Innovation Rebrands as Manufacturing USA". IndustryWeek. September 12, 2016. Retrieved September 13, 2016.
  15. "U.S. Secretary of Commerce Penny Pritzker Announces Manufacturing USA: New Brand for National Network for Manufacturing Innovation" (Press release). U.S. Department of Commerce. September 12, 2016. Retrieved September 13, 2016.
  16. Pisano, Gary (April 30, 2013). "Building a Strong Foundation for American Manufacturing". Forbes. Archived from the original on May 27, 2013.
  17. McCormack, Richard A. (May 31, 2012). "NIST Director Defends $1-Billion Manufacturing Program, But Doesn't Know Where The Money Will Come From". Manufacturing & Technology News. 19 (9). Archived from the original on May 11, 2013.
  18. Hart, David M.; Ezell, Stephen J.; Atkinson, Robert D. (December 2012). Why America Needs A National Network for Manufacturing Innovation (PDF). Information Technology and Innovation Foundation. pp. 8–10. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 1, 2013.
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