Manihot

Manihot is a genus in the diverse milkspurge family, Euphorbiaceae. It was described as a genus in 1754.[5][3]

Manihot
Manihot palmata
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Malpighiales
Family:	Euphorbiaceae
Subfamily:	Crotonoideae
Tribe:	Manihoteae
Genus:	Manihot Mill. 1754 not Adans. 1763[1]
Type species
Manihot esculenta Crantz.[2][3]
Synonyms[4]
Hotnima A.Chev. Janipha Kunth Mandioca Link Manihotoides D.J.Rogers & Appan[1]

Species of Manihot are monecious trees, shrubs and a few herbs that are native to the Americas, from Arizona in the United States south to Argentina and Uruguay.[4] The best known member of this genus is the widely cultivated cassava (Manihot esculenta).[6]

Manihot species are used as food plants by the larvae of some species of Lepidoptera including Endoclita sericeus and Hypercompe hambletoni.

Species[4]

1. Manihot acuminatissima Müll.Arg. – Goiás, Bahia
2. Manihot aesculifolia (Kunth) Pohl – Mexico, Central America
3. Manihot alutacea D.J.Rogers & Appan – Goiás
4. Manihot angustiloba (Torr.) Müll.Arg. – Mexico, Arizona
5. Manihot anisophylla (Griseb.) Müll.Arg. – N Argentina
6. Manihot anomala Pohl – South America
7. Manihot attenuata Müll.Arg. - Goiás
8. Manihot auriculata McVaugh – Jalisco, Nayarit
9. Manihot baccata Allem – Fr Guiana, NE Brazil
10. Manihot brachyandra Pax & K.Hoffm. – Bahia
11. Manihot brachyloba Müll.Arg. – Central Amer, Dominican Rep, N South America
12. Manihot breviloba – Sergipe
13. Manihot caerulescens Pohl – Brazil, Paraguay
14. Manihot carthagenensis (Jacq.) Müll.Arg. – N South America, Trinidad, Curaçao
15. Manihot catingae Ule – Bahia, Minas Gerais
16. Manihot caudata Greenm. – N Mexico
17. Manihot cecropiifolia – Goiás, Distrito Federal
18. Manihot chlorosticta Standl. & Goldman – Mexico
19. Manihot compositifolia Allem – Bahia
20. Manihot condensata D.J.Rogers & Appan – Bolivia
21. Manihot corymbiflora Pax & K.Hoffm. – Rio de Janeiro
22. Manihot crassisepala Pax & K.Hoffm. – México State, Morelos, Jalisco
23. Manihot crotalariiformis Pohl – Minas Gerais
24. Manihot davisiae Croizat – Arizona, Sonora, Chihuahua, Sinaloa
25. Manihot diamantinensis Allem – Bahia
26. Manihot dichotoma Ule – NE Brazil
27. Manihot divergens Pohl – Goiás, Distrito Federal, Minas Gerais
28. Manihot epruinosa Pax & K.Hoffm. – Piauí, Ceará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Bahia
29. Manihot esculenta Crantz – from Mexico to Brazil
30. Manihot falcata D.J.Rogers & Appan – Goiás, Distrito Federal
31. Manihot filamentosa Pittier – NW Venezuela
32. Manihot flemingiana D.J.Rogers & Appan – Mato Grosso
33. Manihot foetida (Kunth) Pohl – C + N Mexico
34. Manihot fortalezensis Nassar, D.G.Ribeiro, Bomfim & P.T.C.Gomes – Ceará
35. Manihot fruticulosa (Pax) D.J.Rogers & Appan – Brazil
36. Manihot gabrielensis Allem – Goiás
37. Manihot gracilis Pohl – Paraguay, Brazil
38. Manihot grahamii Hook. – S Brazil, N Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay
39. Manihot guaranitica Chodat & Hassl. – N Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia
40. Manihot handroana Cruz – Minas Gerais
41. Manihot hassleriana – Paraguay
42. Manihot heptaphylla Ule – Bahia
43. Manihot hilariana Baill. – Minas Gerais
44. Manihot hunzikeriana Mart.Crov. – Rio Grande do Sul, Misiones
45. Manihot inflata Müll.Arg. – São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná
46. Manihot irwinii D.J.Rogers & Appan – Goiás
47. Manihot jacobinensis Müll.Arg. – Mato Grosso, Bahia
48. Manihot janiphoides Müll.Arg. – São Paulo, Minas Gerais
49. Manihot jolyana Cruz – São Paulo
50. Manihot leptophylla Pax – NW South America
51. Manihot longepetiolata Pohl – Goiás, Minas Gerais
52. Manihot maracasensis Ule – Bahia
53. Manihot marajoara Huber – Pará, Amapá
54. Manihot mcvaughii V.W.Steinm. – Michoacán
55. Manihot membranacea Pax & K.Hoffm. – Mato Grosso
56. Manihot michaelis McVaugh – Colima, Jalisco
57. Manihot mirabilis Pax – Paraguay
58. Manihot mossamedensis Taub. – Goiás
59. Manihot nana Müll.Arg. – Goiás, Minas Gerais
60. Manihot neusana Nassar – Paraná
61. Manihot nogueirae Allem – Distrito Federal
62. Manihot oaxacana D.J.Rogers & Appan – Oaxaca
63. Manihot obovata J.Jiménez Ram. – Guerrero
64. Manihot oligantha Pax & K.Hoffm. – Goiás
65. Manihot orbicularis Pohl – Goiás
66. Manihot palmata Müll.Arg. – Rio de Janeiro
67. Manihot pauciflora Brandegee – Puebla, Oaxaca
68. Manihot paviifolia Pohl – Goiás
69. Manihot peltata Pohl – Goiás
70. Manihot pentaphylla Pohl – Brazil, Paraguay
71. Manihot peruviana Müll.Arg. – Loreto, San Martin
72. Manihot pilosa Pohl – E Brazil
73. Manihot pohliana Müll.Arg. – Bahia
74. Manihot pohlii Wawra – Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro
75. Manihot populifolia Pax – Paraguay
76. Manihot pringlei S.Watson – Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí, Querétaro
77. Manihot procumbens Müll.Arg. – Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Paraguay
78. Manihot pruinosa Pohl – Mato Grosso, Goiás
79. Manihot pseudoglaziovii Pax & K.Hoffm. – Ceará, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba
80. Manihot pulchrifolius M.J. Silva – Brazil
81. Manihot purpureocostata Pohl – Goiás
82. Manihot pusilla Pohl – Goiás
83. Manihot quinquefolia Pohl – Bahia
84. Manihot quinqueloba Pohl – Mato Grosso, Goiás
85. Manihot quinquepartita Huber ex D.J.Rogers & Appan – Amapá, Pará, Maranhão, Mato Grosso
86. Manihot reniformis Pohl – Bahia
87. Manihot reptans Pax – Goiás, Minas Gerais
88. Manihot rhomboidea Müll.Arg. – Mexico, Central America
89. Manihot rubricaulis I.M.Johnst. – Mexico
90. Manihot sagittatopartita Pohl – Bahia, Goiás, Minas Gerais
91. Manihot salicifolia Pohl – Mato Grosso, Goiás
92. Manihot sparsifolia Pohl – Goiás
93. Manihot stipularis Pax – Distrito Federal, Goiás
94. Manihot stricta Baill. – Peru, Mato Grosso, Goiás
95. Manihot subspicata Rogers & Appan – Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas
96. Manihot surinamensis D.J.Rogers & Appan – Venezuela, the 3 Guianas
97. Manihot tenella Müll.Arg. – São Paulo, Paraguay
98. Manihot tomatophylla Standl. – Morelos, Jalisco, Michoacán
99. Manihot tomentosa Pohl – Goiás, Minas Gerais
100. Manihot triloba (Sessé) McVaugh ex Miranda – Mexico
101. Manihot tripartita (Spreng.) Müll.Arg. – Brazil, Paraguay
102. Manihot triphylla Pohl – Distrito Federal, Goiás, Minas Gerais
103. Manihot tristis Müll.Arg. – Venezuela, the 3 Guianas, N Brazil
104. Manihot variifolia Pax & K.Hoffm. – Paraguay
105. Manihot violacea Pohl – Brazil
106. Manihot walkerae Croizat – Texas, Tamaulipas
107. Manihot websteri D.J.Rogers & Appan – Puebla, Oaxaca
108. Manihot weddelliana Baill. – Goiás
109. Manihot xavantinensis D.J.Rogers & Appan – Mato Grosso
110. Manihot zehntneri Ule – Bahia

variety treated as a species

1. Manihot carthaginensis subsp. glaziovii = Manihot glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem

formerly included[4]

moved to Aleurites Cnidoscolus Jatropha

1. M. curcas – Jatropha curcas
2. M. diversifolia – Jatropha diversifolia
3. M. gossypiifolia – Jatropha gossypiifolia
4. M. herbacea – Cnidoscolus urens
5. M. moluccana – Aleurites moluccanus
6. M. multifida – Jatropha multifida
7. M. spinosissima – Cnidoscolus vitifolius
8. M. urens – Cnidoscolus urens

References

1. "Genus: Manihot Mill". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2004-03-31. Retrieved 2011-05-06.
2. lectotype designated by R.A. Howard, Fl. Lesser Antilles 5: 64 (1989)
3. Tropicos, Manihot Mill.
4. Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
5. Miller, Philip. 1754. Gardeners Dictionary...Abridged...fourth edition vol. 2
6. Second, G; C. Iglesias (2001). "Chapter 11: The State of the Use of Cassava Genetic Diversity and a Proposal to Enhance it". In H. David Cooper, Charlie Spillane (ed.). Broadening the Genetic Base of Crop Production. CABI. pp. 202–203. ISBN 978-0-85199-411-6.

External links

Media related to Manihot at Wikimedia Commons Data related to Manihot at Wikispecies