Mangalasasanam by Divyadesam

The Alvars during the early medieval period of Tamil history (between the 7th and 10th centuries CE) worshipped Vishnu and his avatars through their hymns. This collection of their hymns is known as Divya Prabhandham. Mangalasasanam means "praying that the holy shrines be happy all the time". The Srivaishnava shrines that were sung about by the Alvars are called Divya Desams. The divyadesams that have the most number of pasurams sung upon them are Srirangam (247), Thirumala (202), Thirumaliruncholai and Thirukannapuram (128 each).

Azhwars

The word azhwar means the one who dives deep into the ocean of the countless attributes of god. Azhwars are considered the twelve supreme devotees of Vishnu, who were instrumental in popularising Vaishnavism during the 5th-8th centuries A.D. The religious works of these saints in Tamil, songs of love and devotion, are compiled as Nalayira Divya Prabandham containing 4000 verses and the 108 temples revered in their songs are classified as Divya desam.[1][2] The saints had different origins and belonged to different castes. As per tradition, the first three azhwars, Poigai, Bhutha and Pey were born miraculously. Tirumizhisai was the son of a sage, Thondaradi, Mathurakavi, Peria and Andal were from brahmin community, Kulasekhara from Kshatria community, Namm was from a cultivator family, Tirupana from panar community and Tirumangai from kazhwar community. Divya Suri Saritra by Garuda-Vahana Pandita (11th century AD), Guruparamparaprabavam by Pinbaragiya Perumal Jiyar, Periya tiru mudi adaivu by Anbillai Kandadiappan, Yatindra Pranava Prabavam by Pillai Lokacharya, commentaries on Divya Prabandam, Guru Parampara (lineage of Gurus) texts, temple records and inscriptions give a detailed account of the azhwars and their works. According to these texts, the saints were considered incarnations of some form of Vishnu. Poigai is considered an incarnation of Panchajanya (Krishna's conch), Bhoothath of Kaumodakee (Vishnu's Mace/Club), Pey of Nandaka (Vishnu's sword), Thirumalisai of Sudarshanam (Vishnu's discus), Namm of Vishvaksena (Vishnu's commander), Madhurakavi of Vainatheya (Vishnu's eagle, Garuda), Kulasekhara of Kaustubha (Vishnu's necklace), Periy of Garuda (Vishnu's eagle), Andal of Bhoodevi (Vishnu's wife, Lakshmi, in her form as Bhudevi), Thondaradippodi of Vanamaalai (Vishnu's garland), Thiruppaan of Srivatsa (An auspicious mark on Vishnu's chest) and Thirumangai of Saranga (Rama's bow). The songs of Prabandam are regularly sung in all the Vishnu temples of South India daily and also during festivals.[2][3]

According to traditional account by Manavala Mamunigal, the first three azhwars namely Poigai, Bhoothath and Pey belong to Dwapara Yuga (before 4200 BC). Modern historians place the period of azhwars from the 5th to 8th century AD, but there is dispute about the chronology and relation between each other. But it is widely accepted by tradition and historians that the trio are the earliest among the twelve azhwars.[1][2][4][5][6] Along with the three Saiva nayanmars, they influenced the ruling Pallava kings, creating a Bhakti movement that resulted in changing the religious geography from Buddhism and Jainism to these two sects of Hinduism in the region. The azhwars were also instrumental in promoting the Bhagavatha cult and the two epics of India, namely, Ramayana and Mahabaratha.[7] The azhwars were instrumental in spreading Vaishnavism throughout the region.[8] The verses of the various azhwars were compiled by Nathamuni (824-924 AD), a 10th-century Vaishnavite theologian, who called it the "Tamil Veda".[9][10]

The following table lists the azhwars.

S.No Alwar Saint Period and Place Other names Pasurams(Songs)
1 Poigai Alvar 7th century, Kanchipuram Saro-yogi, Kaasaara-yogi,

Poigai-piraan, Padma-muni, Kavinyarporeyeru

100
2 Bhoothathalvar 7th century, Thirukadalmallai (Mahabhalipuram) 100
3 Peyalvar 7th century, Mylapore Kairava-muni, Maha-daahva-yaar, Thamizh-Thalaivan 100
4 Thirumalisai Alvar 7th century, Thirumazhisai Bhakthi-saarar, Bhaargavar, Magisaaraapuriswarar, Mazhisai-piraan 216
5 Nammalvar 9th century, Azhwar Thirunagari (Kurugur) Sadagopan, Sadaari, Paraankusun, Maaran, Vakulaa Baranan, Kurugaiyar-kone 1296
6 Madhurakavi Alvar 9th century, Thirukollur Inkaviyaar, Azhwaarukku Adiyaan 11
7 Kulashekhara Varman 8th century, thirvanjikkolam Kolli-kaavalan, Koodal-naayakan,

Koyikone, Villavar-kone, Cheyralar-kone

105
8 Periyalvar 9th century, Sri Villiputhur Vishnu-chitthar, Patta-naadan, Battar-piraan, Sri-Villiputthooraar, Sriranganaatha-Svasoorar 473
9 Andal 9th century, Sri Villiputhur Choodikoduttha Naacheyaar, Godai,

Godai-piraatti

173
10 Thondaradippodi Alvar 8th century, Thirumandangudi Vibranaaraayanar, Thirumandangudiyaar,

Bhakthangirirenu, Palliunartthiya-piraan

58
11 Thiruppaan Alvar 8th century, Uraiyur Paanar, Muni-vaahanar,

Yogi-vaahanar, Kaveeswarar

10
12 Thirumangai Alvar 8th century, Thirukurayalur Kaliyan, Aalinaadan, NaaluKaviPerumaal,

Arulmaari, Parakaalan, Mangaiyarkone

1253

Madhurakavi Alvar sang only in praise of his guru - Nammalvar and has not done mangalasasanam on any Divya Desam. The following table lists the number of paasurams (hymns) sung by each Alvar on each Divya Desam. [11]

List of Divyadesam and Number of songs for each temple
S.No Temples Poigai Azhwar Boothath Azhwar Peya Azhwar Thiru Mizhisai Azhwar Nam Azhwar Madura Kavi Azhwar Kula Sekara Azhwar Periya Azhwar Andal Thondar Adi Podi Azhwar Tiru Mangai Azhwar Tiru Paana Azhwar Total
Chola Naadu Divyadesams
Trichy Temples
1Srirangam - Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple 1421412-313510557310247
2Thirukkozhi-Sri Azhagiya Manavala Perumal Temple ------1---1-2
3Thirukkarambanoor-Sri Purushothaman Perumal Temple ----------1-1
4Thiruvellarai - Sri Pundarikashan Perumal Temple -------11--13-24
5Thiru Anbil - Sri Vadivazhagiya Nambi Perumal Temple ---1--------1
6Thirupper Nagar - Sri Appakkudathaan Perumal Temple ---111--2--19-33
7Thirukkandiyur - Sri Hara Saabha Vimocchana Perumal Temple ----------1-1
Tanjore Temples
8Thiru Thanjaimaamani Koil - Sri Neelamega Perumal Temple -1--1-----3-5
Kumbakonam Temples
9Thiruvelliyankudi - Sri Kola Valvilli Ramar Perumal Temple ----------10-10
10Thiru Aadhanoor - Sri Aandu Alakkum Ayan Perumal Temple ----------1-1
11Thirukkudanthai - Sri Sarangapani Perumal Temple -22711--31-25-51
12Thiruppullam Boothankudi - Sri Valvil Ramar Perumal Temple ----------10-10
13Thirukkavitthalam (Kabisthalam) - Sri Gajendra Varadha Perumal Temple ---1--------1
14Thirunandhipura Vinnagaram (Nathan Kovil) - Sri Jaganatha Perumal Temple ----------10-10
15Thirukkoodaloor - Sri Aaduthurai Perumal Temple ----------10-10
16Thiru Vinnagar --2-11-----34-47
17Thiru Narayoor (Naachiyar Kovil) - Sri Thirunarayoor Nambi Perumal Temple ----------110-110
18Thiruccherai - Sri Saranathan Perumal Temple ----------13-13
19Thirukkannamangai - Sri Bhaktavatsala Perumal Temple ----------14-14
Mayavaram Temples
20Thiruvazhundur ----------45-45
21ThiruSirupuliyur - Sri Arulmaakadal Perumal Temple ----------10-10
22Thiru Thalaicchanga Naanmathiyam - Sri Naan Madhiya Perumal Temple ----------2-2
23Thiru Indhaloor - Sri Parimala Ranganatha Perumal Temple ----------11-11
Nagapattinam Temples
24Thirukkannapuram - Sri Neelamega Perumal Temple ----11-1111-104128
25Thirukkannankudi - Sri Loganatha Perumal Temple ----------10-10
26Thiru Naagai - Sri Neelamega Perumal Temple ----------10-10
Chidambaram Temples
27Thiru Chithrakoodam (Chidambaram) - Sri Govindaraja Perumal Temple ----------32-32
Seergazhi Temples
28Thirukkazhiseerama Vinnagaram (Seerkazhi) - Thirivikaraman Perumal Temple ----------10-10
29Thiruvaali Thirunagari - Sri Lakshmi Narashima Perumal Temple ------1---41-42
30Thiru Kavalampaadi - Sri Gopala Krishna Perumal Temple ----------10-10
31Thiru Arimeya Vinnagaram - Sri Kuda Maadu Koothan Perumal Temple ----------10-10
32Thiru Vann Purushothamam - Sri Purushothama Perumal Temple ----------10-10
33Thiru Sempon Sei Kovil - Sri Per Arulaalan Perumal Temple ----------10-10
34Thiru Manimaada Kovil - Sri Narayana Perumal Temple ----------12-12
35Thiru VaiKunda Vinnagaram - Sri Vaigundha Nathan Perumal Temple ----------10-10
36Thiru Devanaar Thogai - Sri Deiva Naayaga Perumal Temple ----------10-10
37Thiru Thetri Aambalam - Sri Seganmaal Ranganatha Perumal Temple ----------10-10
38Thiru Manikkoodam - Sri Varadharaja Perumal Temple ----------10-10
39Thiru Vellakkulam (Annan Kovil) - Sri Srinivasa Perumal Temple ----------10-10
40Thiru Paarthanpalli - Sri Thamaraiyal Kelvan Perumal Temple ----------10-10
Nadu Naadu Divya Desam(Central)
41Thiruvaheendrapuram - Sri Deyva Nayaga Perumal Temple ----------10-10
42Thirukkoviloor - Sri Thiruvikrama Perumal Temple 21--------18-21
Thondai Naadu Divya Desam
Chennai Temples
43Thiru Vellikeni - Sri Parthasarathy Temple --11------10-12
44Thiru Neermalai - Sri Neervanna Perumal Temple -1--------19-20
Mahabalipuram Temples
45Thiru Ida Venthai (Tiruvedanthai) - Sri Nithya Kalyana Perumal Temple ----------13-13
46Thiru Kadalmalai - Sri Sthala Sayana Perumal Temple -1--------26-27
47ThirukKadigai (Sholingur) - Sri Yoga Narasimha Swamy Temple --1-------3-4
Kanchipuram Temples
48Thiru Kacchi (Kanchipuram) - Sri Varadharajar Temple -21-------4-7
49Thiruvekka 4--31-----6-14
50(Ashtabujam) - Sri Aadhikesava Perumal Temple --1-------10-11
51Thiru Ooragam (Ooragathaan) - Sri Ulagalantha Perumal Temple ---2------4-6
52Thiru Neeragam (Neeragathaan) - Sri Jagadeeshwarar Temple ----------1-1
53Thiru Kaaragam - Sri Karunakara Perumal Temple ----------1-1
54Thirukkaar Vaanam - Sri Thirukkaar vaanar Temple ----------1-1
55Thiruparameshwara Vinnagaram - Sri Vaikunda Perumal Temple ----------1-1
56Thiru Pavala Vannan - Sri Pavala Vannar Temple ----------1-1
57Thiru Paadagam - Sri Pandava Thoodhar Temple -112------2-6
58Thiru Nilathingal Thundam - Sri Nilathingal Thundathan Perumal Temple ----------1-1
59ThirukKalvanoor - Sri Aadhi Varaha Perumal Temple ----------1-1
60Thiru Velukkai - Sri Azhagiya Singar Perumal Temple --3-------1-4
61Thiruthanka (Thoopul) - Sri Deepa Prakasar Perumal Temple ----------2-2
62Thiruputkuzhi - Sri Vijayaraghava Perumal Temple ----------2-2
63Thiru Evvul (Tiruvallore) - Sri Veeraraghava Perumal Temple ---1------11-12
64Thiru Nindravoor - Sri Bhatavatsala Perumal Temple ----------2-2
Pandya Naadu Divya Desam
Tirunelveli Temples
65Thirukkurungudi - Sri Nindra Nambi Perumal Temple ---113--1--25-40
66Thiruccherivaramangai (Vaanamaamalai) - Sri Thothatrinatha Perumal Temple ----11-------11
67Thirukkurugoor (Azhwar Thirunagari) - Sri Aadhinatha Swamy Temple ----11-------11
68Thirukkoloor - Sri Vaitha Maanitha Perumal Temple ----12-------12
69Thirupperai - Sri Magara NedungKuzhai Kaathar Perumal Temple ----11-------11
70Thiruvaikundam (Sri Vaikundam) - Sri Vaikundanatha Perumal Temple ----2-------2
71Thirukkulanthai - Sri Srinivasa Perumal Temple ----1-------1
72Thiruvaragunamangai - Sri Vijayaasana Perumal Temple ----1-------1
73Thiruppulingudi - Sri Kaaichina Vendha Perumal Temple ----12-------12
74Thiruttholai Villimangalam - Sri Aravindha Lochana Perumal Temple ----11-------11
Virudhu Nagar Temples
75Thiruthankaal - Sri Nindra Narayana Perumal Temple -1--------4-5
76Thiruvilliputhoor (Sri Villiputhoor) -------11---2
Madurai Temples
77Thirukkoodal - Sri Koodal Azhagar Perumal Temple ---------1-1
78Thirumaalirunsolai - Sri Kallazhagar Perumal Temple -31-46--3411-33-128
79Thiru Moghur - Sri Kaalamegha Perumal Temple ----11-----1-12
Ramanathapuram Temples
80Thiruppullanni - Sri Kalyana Jagannatha Perumal Temple ----------21-21
Pudukkottai Temples
81Thirukkotiyoor - Sri Uraga Mellanayaan Perumal Temple -211--22--13-39
82Thirumeyyam - Sri Sathyagiri Natha Perumal Temple ----------9-9
Malayala Naadu Divya Desam
83Thiruvananthapuram - Sri Anantha Padmanabhaswamy Temple ----11-------11
84Thiruvanparisaaram - Sri Kuralappa Perumal Temple ----1-------1
85Thirukkaatkarai - Sri Kaatkarai Appa Perumal Temple ----10-------10
86Thirumoozhikkalam - Sri Moozhikkalathaan Perumal Temple ----11-----3-14
87Thirupuliyoor - Sri Maayapiran Perumal Temple ----10-------10
88Thirucchenkundroor - Sri Imayavarappa Perumal Temple ----11-------11
89Thiru Naavaay - Sri Naavaay Mugundha Perumal Temple ----11-----2-13
90Thiruvalvaazh - Sri Kolapira Perumal Temple ----10-------10
91Thiruvanvandoor - Sri Paambanaiyappa Perumal Temple ----10-------10
92Thiru Vattaaru - Sri Aadhikesava Perumal Temple ----11-------11
93Thiruvithuvakkodu - Sri Uyyavantha Perumal Temple ------10-----10
94Thirukkadithaanam - Sri Athpudha Narayana Perumal Temple ----11-------11
95Thiruvaaran Vilai - Sri Kuralappa Perumal Temple ----10-------10
Vada Naadu Divya Desam
96Tirupathi (Tirumalai) - Tirumala Venkateswara Temple 109181552-11718-602202
97Ahobilam - Sri Nava Narasimhar Temple ----------10-10
98Ayodhya - Ram Janmabhoomi ----1-46-11-13
99Thiru Naimisaranyam - Sri Devaraja Perumal Temple ----------10-10
100Thiru Salagramam -------2--10-12
101Thiruvadhari Ashramam (Badrinath) - Sri Badri Narayana Perumal Temple -------1--21-22
102Thirukkandam - Kadi Nagar (Devaprayag) - Sri Neelamega Perumal Temple -------11----11
103Thiruppirudhi (Joshimutt) - Sri Paramapurusha Perumal Temple ----------10-10
104Thiru Vadamathura (Brindhavanam) - Sri Govardhana Nesa Perumal Temple ----10--161914-50
105Thiruvaaipadi (Aayarpadi) - Sri Navamohana Krishna Perumal Temple -------105-7-22
106Thiru Dwaraka (Dwaraka) - Sri Kalyana Narayana Perumal Temple ---11--54-2-13
Vinnulaga(Heavenly) Divya Desam
107ThirupPaarkadal (Vyugam) 124139-253110-50
108ThirupParamapadham (Parathuvam) 2-1224--41-1136

The following table lists the number of verses for each divyadesam

Number of Pasurams(hymns)12456791011121314202122242732333639404245475051110128202247
Number of Divyadesams1582221123148531231111111111121211

Mangalasasanam Classification

The below table provides a classification for Mangalasananam [12]

Prabandam Azhwars (poet) Number of Pasurams (songs)
Mudal Aayiram (First thousand)947
TiruppallanduPeriyalvar10
Periyaazhwar ThirumozhiPeriyalvar463
TiruppaavaiAndal30
Naachiyaar ThirumozhiAndal143
Perumaal ThirumozhiKulashekhara105
Thiruchanda ViruthamThirumalisai Alvar120
TirumaalaiThondaradippodi Alvar45
TiruppalliThondaradippodi Alvar10
Amalaanathi PiraanThiruppaan Alvar10
Kanninum Siru ThaambuMadhurakavi Alvar11
Periya Thirumozhi (Greater Hyms) 1134
Periya ThirumozhiThirumangai Alvar1084
Thiru Kurun ThaandagamThirumangai Alvar20
Thiru Nedun ThaandagamThirumangai Alvar30
Moondram Ayiram701
Mudal ThiruvandaadhiPoigai Alvar100
Irandaam ThiruvandaadhiBoothath alvar100
Moondraam ThiruvandaadhiPeyalvar100
Naanmugan ThiruvandaadhiThirumalisai Alvar96
Thiru ViruthamNammalvar100
Thiru VaasiriyamNammalvar7
Periya Thiru AndaathiNammalvar87
ThiruvezukootrirukkaiThirumangai Alvar1
Siriya ThirumadalThirumangai Alvar1 (40)
Periya ThirumadalThirumangai Alvar1 (77)
Ramanuja NootranthathiTiruvarangathu Amuthanar108
ThiruvaaiMozhi (Divine Hyms)1102
Thiruvaai MozhiNammalvar1102

Famous Divyadesams

Notes
  1. Rao, P.V.L. Narasimha (2008). Kanchipuram – Land of Legends, Saints & Temples. New Delhi: Readworthy Publications (P) Ltd. p. 27. ISBN 978-93-5018-104-1.
  2. Dalal 2011, pp. 20-21
  3. Ramaswamy, Vijaya (2007). Historical Dictionary of the Tamils. Scarecrow Press. p. 211. ISBN 9780810864450.
  4. Aiyangar, Sakkottai Krishnaswami (1920). Early history of Vaishnavism in south India. Oxford University Press. pp. 17–18. poigai azhwar.
  5. Lochtefeld, James (2002). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: N-Z. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 515. ISBN 9780823931804. poygai.
  6. Krishna (2009). Book Of Vishnu. Penguin Books India. p. 136. ISBN 9780143067627.
  7. B.S. 2011, p. 42
  8. B.S. 2011, pp. 47-48
  9. Mukherjee (1999). A Dictionary of Indian Literatures: Beginnings-1850 Volume 1 of A Dictionary of Indian Literature, A Dictionary of Indian Literature. Orient Blackswan. p. 15. ISBN 9788125014539.
  10. Garg, Gaṅgā Rām (1992). Encyclopaedia of the Hindu World: Ak-Aq. Concept Publishing Company. pp. 352–354. ISBN 9788170223757.
  11. "About each divyadesam". www.divyadesamonline.com. Archived from the original on 2007-06-23. Retrieved 2007-07-06. External link in |work= (help)
  12. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-03-26. Retrieved 2011-06-25.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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References
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