Rede Manchete

Rede Manchete (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈʁedʒi mɐ̃ˈʃɛtʃi]; lit.: Headline Network; also known as TV Manchete or only Manchete) was a Brazilian television network that was founded in Rio de Janeiro on 5 June 1983 by the Ukrainian-Brazilian journalist and businessman Adolpho Bloch. The network remained on the air until 10 May 1999.[1] It was part of Grupo Bloch, which published the magazine Manchete by Bloch Editores, its publishing division; the television network was named after the magazine.[2]

Rede Manchete
TypeFree-to-air commercial television network
Country
Brazil
AvailabilityNationwide
Founded5 June 1983 (1983-06-05)
by Adolpho Bloch
SloganVocê em primeiro lugar.
TV stations
  • TV Manchete Belo Horizonte
  • TV Manchete Fortaleza
  • TV Manchete Recife
  • TV Manchete Rio de Janeiro
  • TV Manchete São Paulo
HeadquartersRio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
OwnerPedro Jack Kapeller
ParentGrupo Bloch
Launch date
5 June 1983 (1983-06-05)
Dissolved10 May 1999 (1999-05-10)
Former names
TV Manchete Ltda. (1983-1999)
Picture format
480i (SDTV)
LanguagePortuguese
ReplacedRede Excelsior
Rede Tupi
Replaced byRedeTV!

With sophisticated equipment and seeking an upper class schedule,[3] Manchete was known for its programming based on journalism, covering the world and Brazilian sport, with major sporting events. Telenovelas, series and miniseries from Manchete also made history in the Brazilian television dramaturgy. In addition to their own schedule, Manchete is known as airing Japanese programmes like tokusatsu and anime.

In May 1999, the partners Amilcare Dallevo and Marcelo de Carvalho (known as TeleTV Group) bought the licenses of Manchete, moved the headquarters to Barueri, and changed the network's name to RedeTV!.[4]

History

Early history

The successor network not only to Rede Tupi but to Rede Excelsior, two former Brazilian television networks, it was owned by Adolpho Bloch, the Ukrainian – Brazilian founder of the publishing group called "Bloch Editores", from half of the defunct Rede Tupi (the other half became SBT in 1981). Its slogan in 1983 was the unofficial slogan "A Televisão do ano 2000" (The Television of the year 2000) and the official slogan "A TV de 1ª Classe" (First Class Television). Initially planned to launch between September and November 1982,[3] and then March 1983,[5] Manchete began operations at 7:00 pm on 5 June 1983[6] with a speech by Bloch, followed by a segment with the network's logo flying over Brazil and then stopping on a building.[7] The network received high ratings in Rio de Janeiro, and as a result, it suddenly moved to second place in viewership in that area.

In the beginning, the network broadcast various shows and operas, like TV Record in 60s, bringing the focus for the A and B Classes. In 1984, model and actress Xuxa presented the Clube da Criança program in 1984, beating sometimes TV Globo's morning show, Balão Magico. This was the year it began a rival coverage of the Brazilian Carnival in Rio de Janeiro, its most successful one.

In 1985, with two years of existence, losses of Manchete were evident. The network entered its first financial crisis.[8] Bloch, in 1988, wanted to sell the network and asked for US$350 million.[9] In the 1990s, congressman Paulo Octávio made a proposal to Adolpho Bloch of the proposed purchase of TV Manchete for US$200 million. The Paulo Octávio partner was the businessman João Carlos Di Genio,[10][11][12] but the sale was not made.[13] Editora Abril also showed interest in the network.[14] Then the IBF company took Manchete, but then had revoked its management justice. Adolpho Bloch took control of the network, with staff salaries six months late.[7] Within four months, Bloch had brought staff pay back up to date.

By 1987, for the first time, Rede Manchete and Rede Globo jointly broadcast the Brazilian Carnival to all over the country. The next year, however, the network was in a weak financial situation after just 5 years, but came out stronger.

The Pantanal phenomenon

1990 saw the launch of the telenovela Pantanal (named after the Pantanal wetlands on which it was set), which would beat the TV Globo telenovela Rainha da Sucata (Queen of the Junk) in popularity and score. The story mixed romance, very beautiful images of the Mato Grosso Pantanal and a bit of the supernatural. The plot centered around a son of a big farmer of Mato Grosso that came to know his father for the first time, and also Juma, a wild lady that lives in a forest cabin and transforms herself in a jaguar when she's angry, with which he falls in love. Afterwards, Manchete continued making telenovelas that well known for their good image and content quality. They were exported to various countries, but never proved as successful as Pantanal or competing telenovelas from the Rede Globo.

However, beginning in 1992 and continuing through the end of the decade, the network was forced off the air three times; the first of those shutdowns was due to an invasion of employees at the network's transmission tower in São Paulo.[15]

Closure

After Bloch's death in 1995, his nephew Pedro Jack Kapeller became president of Manchete.[16] Manchete's financial troubles deepened after the 1998 FIFA World Cup, when the network's income fell 40 percent. As a result, the network laid off 540 employees, as well as pay day wages of the remaining employees. In October 1998, the network cut the production of almost all of its programs, including the telenovela Brida.[15] The network was to be sold to Reborn in Christ Church in January 1999, but in February of the same year, the proposal was withdrawn due to a breach of contractual clauses. On 8 May 1999, Rede Manchete's license was sold to TeleTV Group for US$608 million.

Against the slogan used when was launched, Manchete didn't reach the year 2000, ceasing operations on 10 May 1999. The final day of Manchete on the air showed a segment with the network's logo flying over Brazil and then stopping on a building, and afterwards showed the logo with the "You In First Place" slogan for about a minute before permanently fading to black and showing static. On 14 May, control of the network was passed from Bloch Editores to the TeleTV Group; the concessions of channel 9 in São Paulo and channel 6 in Rio de Janeiro was also acquired. Later that month, RedeTV! began test broadcasts under the name TV!; the network broadcast some programs that were previously aired by Rede Manchete, as well as a modified version of its daily newscast. RedeTV! would officially commence operations on 15 November 1999. The change would also be beneficial to Brazilian television, as RedeTV! would become the first national network to fully broadcast in high definition in 2008.

Slogans

1983

  • A TV dos Anos 2000 (TV of the Year 2000, translated in english)
  • TV de Primeira Classe (First Class TV, translated)

1990

  • O Japão passa na Manchete (japon passes on Manchete, transformando em Portugal)

1997

  • Qualidade em Primeiro Lugar (Quality in First Place, transformando em Portugal)

1998

  • 6

Animal em Primeiro Lugar (planet in First choice, transformando em Portugal)

Telenovelas and series

1984

  • Marquesa de Santos
  • Viver a Vida
  • Santa Marta Fabril

1985

  • Tudo em Cima
  • Tamanho Família
  • Antônio Maria
  • Joana

1986

  • Dona Beija
  • Novo Amor
  • Tudo ou Nada
  • Mania de Querer

1987

  • Corpo Santo
  • Helena
  • Carmem
  • A Rainha da Vida

1988

  • Olho por Olho

1989

  • Kananga do Japão

1990

  • Pantanal
  • Fronteiras do Desconhecido
  • Escrava Anastácia
  • O Canto das Sereias
  • Mãe de Santo
  • Rosa dos Rumos
  • A História de Ana Raio e Zé Trovão

1991

  • Filhos do Sol
  • Ilha das Bruxas
  • O Farol
  • Na Rede de Intrigas
  • Floradas na Serra
  • O Guaraní
  • O Fantasma da Ópera
  • Amazônia

1992

  • Amazônia – Parte II

1993

  • Família Brasil
  • Guerra sem Fim
  • O Marajá (not aired)

1994

  • Incrível, Fantástico, Extraordinário
  • 74.5 – Uma Onda no Ar

1995

  • Tocaia Grande

1996

  • Xica da Silva

1997

  • Mandacaru

1998

  • Brida

News programming
Logo of the newscast from 1996 to 1999.

The network's main newscast was entitled Jornal da Manchete, which began airing on 6 June 1983 and aired for the final time on 8 May 1999. It was the longest running programme in the network's history.

When Jornal da Manchete first premiered, it had an excessive duration of two hours (with commercials), and was divided into several segments that would eventually become separate programmes. The duration of the newscast would be reduced to 30 minutes after the 1985 Brazilian presidential election.

The opening theme of the programme was based on "Videogame" by the Brazilian group Roupa Nova; the original master recording was used from 1983 until 1989.

gollark: It's interesting, but just randomizing the changes would be way too slow.
gollark: Everyone manages some other people and is managed by some too.
gollark: Idea: replace the boring tree structure of hierarchical companies with arbitrary randomly generated graphs.
gollark: No, to predict the consequences of any company action ever.
gollark: You can get an idea of what things are likely or unlikely. The monetary incentive is somewhat important.

References
  1. Cristina Tardáguila (22 January 2013). "TV Manchete, um inventário - na prateleira da memória". Observatório da Imprensa. Retrieved 22 February 2014.
  2. Roberto Muggiati (31 July 2008). "Uma tragédia sem manchete". Folha de S.Paulo. UOL. Retrieved 21 December 2014.
  3. Cleusa Maria (25 January 1982). "No ar, quando setembro vier, um novo canal com padrão europeu". Jornal do Brasil. TV-Pesquisa.
  4. "RedeTV! comemora 10 anos; veja fatos inusitados de sua história". Folha de S.Paulo. UOL. 28 November 1999. Retrieved 21 December 2014.
  5. "Em março, vem aí mais uma grande atração: TV Manchete". Jornal do Brasil. TV-Pesquisa. 9 January 1983.
  6. Benevenuto Netto (5 June 1983). "Você vai ver a TV Manchete hoje?". Jornal do Brasil. TV-Pesquisa.
  7. "Empresário apostou na fase desenvolvimentista de JK". Folha de S.Paulo. UOL. 20 November 1995. Retrieved 21 December 2014.
  8. "As primeiras crises financeiras". Tele História. 1 February 2007. Archived from the original on 31 December 2007. Retrieved 21 December 2014.
  9. Cláudio Ferreira e Rui Nogueira (2 August 1991). "Plano de compra da Manchete sai em 10 dias". Folha de S.Paulo. TV-Pesquisa.
  10. "Manchete". Jornal do Brasil. TV-Pesquisa. 23 June 1991.
  11. "Veja: TV Manchete está sendo vendida". O Globo. TV-Pesquisa. 23 June 1991.
  12. "O primeiro". Jornal do Brasil. TV-Pesquisa. 23 June 1991.
  13. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 July 2013. Retrieved 6 July 2016.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  14. Rui Nogueira; Cláudio Ferreira (20 September 1991). "Bloch pede 'sinal' para vender TV Manchete". Folha de S.Paulo. TV-Pesquisa.
  15. Toni Sciarretta (5 January 1999). "Igreja Renascer assume Rede Manchete". Folha de S.Paulo. UOL. Retrieved 21 December 2014.
  16. "Bloch, dono da Manchete, morre aos 87". Folha de S.Paulo. UOL. 20 November 1995. Retrieved 21 December 2014.
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