Maleae

The Maleae (incorrectly Pyreae) are the apple tribe in the rose family, Rosaceae. The group includes a number of plants bearing commercially important fruits, such as apples and pears, while others are cultivated as ornamentals. Older taxonomies separated some of this group as tribe Crataegeae,[1][2] as the Cydonia group (a tentative placement),[2] or some genera were placed in family Quillajaceae.[2]

For the cape in Greece known anciently as Maleae, see Cape Maleas.

Maleae
Lindleya mespiloides in bloom
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Rosales
Family: Rosaceae
Subfamily: Amygdaloideae
Tribe: Maleae
Small 1933
Subtribes
Synonyms
  • Crataegeae Koehne 1890
  • Kageneckieae Takhtajan 1997
  • Lindleyieae Takhtajan 1997
  • Pomeae A. Gray 1842
  • Pyreae Baill.
  • Sorbeae Koehne

The tribe consists exclusively of shrubs and small trees. Most have pomes, a type of accessory fruit that does not occur in other Rosaceae. All except Vauquelinia (with 15 chromosomes) have a basal haploid chromosome count of 17, instead of 7, 8, or 9 as in the other Rosaceae.[3]

There are approximately 28 genera that contain about 1100 species worldwide, with most species occurring in the temperate Northern Hemisphere.

Nomenclature

The name Maleae is required by the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (article 19), for any group at the tribal level that includes the genus Malus, but not either of the genera Rosa or Amygdalus.[4]

Current classification

Core members of the group

A traditional circumscription of Maleae includes the following genera:[1][2][5][6]

intergeneric hybrids:[7][8]

and graft hybrids:
+Pyrocydonia (Pirocydonia)

Tribe Crataegeae

A recent taxonomic treatment includes the following genera in Maleae that were earlier separated as tribe Crataegeae (or as intertribe hybrids):[9]

intergeneric (including intertribal) hybrids:[7]

and the graft hybrid:

Former members of family Quillajaceae

The following genera were previously placed in tribe Quillajaceae in Rosaceae, or in family Quillajaceae. Their fruit are dry capsules, not pomes.

The Cydonia group

The Cydonia group within the Maloid Rosaceae was a tentative grouping of pome-fruited genera with many ovules (rather than just two) per carpel.[2] The genera involved were:

It is not yet clear whether this group is monophyletic within the Maleae. Molecular data indicate a close relationship between Cydonia and Pseudocydonia.[6] Multiple ovules per carpel also occur in Kageneckia, a non-pome-bearing genus.[6] Chloroplast DNA analysis, but not nuclear DNA, shows a tight relationship between Cydonia and Dichotomanthes, a non-pome-bearing genus.[6]

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References
  1. G. K. Schulze-Menz 1964. Reihe Rosales. in A. Engler's Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Nutzpflanzen nebst einer Übersicht über die Florenreiche und Florengebiete der Erde, Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin
  2. Kalkman, C. (2004). "Rosaceae". In K. Kubitzki (ed.). Flowering plants, dicotyledons : Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales, Cornales, Ericales. 6. Berlin: Springer. pp. 343–386.
  3. Goldblatt, P. (1976). "Cytotaxonomic studies in the tribe Quillajeae (Rosaceae)". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 63 (1): 200–206. doi:10.2307/2395226. JSTOR 2395226.
  4. McNeill, J.; Barrie, F.R.; Buck, W.R.; Demoulin, V.; Greuter, W.; Hawksworth, D.L.; Herendeen, P.S.; Knapp, S.; Marhold, K.; Prado, J.; Prud'homme Van Reine, W.F.; Smith, G.F.; Wiersema, J.H.; Turland, N.J. (2012), International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code) adopted by the Eighteenth International Botanical Congress Melbourne, Australia, July 2011, Regnum Vegetabile 154, A.R.G. Gantner Verlag KG, ISBN 978-3-87429-425-6 Article 19.
  5. Sterling, C. (1965). "Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Rosaceae. V. Pomoideae: Amelanchier, Aronia, Malacomeles, Malus, Peraphyllum, Pyrus, Sorbus". American Journal of Botany. 52 (4): 418–426. doi:10.2307/2440337. JSTOR 2440337.
  6. Campbell, C.S.; Evans, R.C.; Morgan, D.R.; Dickinson, T.A.; Arsenault, M.P. (2007). "Phylogeny of subtribe Pyrinae (formerly the Maloideae, Rosaceae): Limited resolution of a complex evolutionary history". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 266 (1–2): 119–145. doi:10.1007/s00606-007-0545-y.
  7. Stace, C. A. 1975. Hybridization and the flora of the British Isles. Academic Press, London.
  8. "USDA PLANTS".
  9. Potter, D.; Eriksson, T.; Evans, R.C.; Oh, S.H.; Smedmark, J.E.E.; Morgan, D.R.; Kerr, M.; Robertson, K.R.; Arsenault, M.P.; Dickinson, T.A.; Campbell, C.S. (2007). Phylogeny and classification of Rosaceae. Plant Systematics and Evolution. 266(1–2): 5–43. doi:10.1007/s00606-007-0539-9
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