Makasae language

Makasae (also known as Makassai, Macassai, Ma'asae, Makasai) is a Papuan language spoken by about 100,000 people in the eastern part of East Timor, in the districts of Baucau and Viqueque, just to the west of Fataluku. It is the most widely spoken Papuan language west of New Guinea.

Makasae
Native to	East Timor
Region	Timor Island, eastern end around Baucau and inland, west of Fataluku, from northern to southern coast in a dialect chain.
Native speakers	102,000 (2010 census)[1]
Language family	Trans–New Guinea ? West Bomberai ? Timor–Alor–Pantar Eastern Timor Makasae
Dialects	Sa'ane
Language codes
ISO 639-3	mkz
Glottolog	maka1316[2]
Distribution of Makasae mother-tongue speakers in East Timor
Distribution of Makalero Distribution of Sa'ane
Coordinates: 8°39′S 126°30′E

Phonology

The data in this section are from Huber (2017).[3]

Consonants

Native consonant phonemes are shown in the chart below for the Ossu dialect. Borrowed consonants are enclosed in parenthesis.

Consonant phonemes

	Labial		Alveolar		Velar		Glottal
Plosive		b	t	d	k	g	ʔ
Fricative	f		s				h
Nasal		m		n
Lateral				l
Trill				r

Vowels

Monophthongs

Makasae has five vowel phonemes.

Monophthong phonemes

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i (i:)		u (u:)
Mid	e (e:)		o (o:)
Open		a (a:)

References

1. Makasae at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
2. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Makasae-Makalero". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
3. Huber, Juliette (2017). "Makalero and Makasae". In Schapper, Antoinette (ed.). The Papuan Languages of Timor, Alor and Pantar: Volume 2. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 267–351.

Further reading

• Huber, Juliette (2008). First steps towards a grammar of Makasae: a language of East Timor. LINCOM
• Correia, Aderito (2011). Describing Makasae: a trans-New Guinea language of East Timor (Ph.D. thesis). University of Western Sydney.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Fogaça, Jessé Silveira (2011). Fonética e fonologia da língua Makasae [Phonetics and phonology of the Makasae language] (Master's thesis) (in Portuguese). University of Brasília.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Fogaça, Jessé Silveira (2015). Aspectos gramaticais da língua makasae de timor-leste : fonologia, morfologia e sintaxe [Grammar aspects of the East Timorese Makasae language: phonology, morphology and syntax] (Doctor's thesis) (in Portuguese). University of Brasília. doi:10.26512/2015.11.T.20168.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

External links

• Makasai at The Language Archive