Maianthemum racemosum

Maianthemum racemosum (treacleberry, feathery false lily of the valley,[3] false Solomon's seal, Solomon's plume[4][5] or false spikenard; syn. Smilacina racemosa, Vagnera racemosa) is a species of flowering plant native to North America. It is a common, widespread plant known from every US state except Hawaii, and from every Canadian province and territory except Nunavut, as well as from Mexico.[5]

Maianthemum racemosum

Secure  (NatureServe)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Asparagaceae
Subfamily: Nolinoideae
Genus: Maianthemum
Species:
M. racemosum
Binomial name
Maianthemum racemosum
Synonyms[1][2]
  • Convallaria ciliata (Desf.) Poir.
  • Convallaria racemosa L.
  • Polygonastrum racemosum (L.) Moench
  • Sigillaria ciliata (Desf.) Raf.
  • Sigillaria multiflora Raf.
  • Smilacina ciliata Desf.
  • Smilacina flexicaulis Wender.
  • Smilacina latifolia Nutt. ex Baker
  • Smilacina racemosa (L.) Desf.
  • Smilacina racemosa var. cylindrata Fernald
  • Smilacina racemosa f. foliosa Vict.
  • Smilacina racemosa var. lanceolata B.Boivin
  • Tovaria racemosa (L.) Neck. ex Baker
  • Unifolium racemosum (L.) Britton
  • Vagnera australis Small
  • Vagnera racemosa (L.) Morong ex Kearney
  • Vagnera retusa Raf.

Description

It is a woodland herbaceous perennial plant growing to 50–90 cm (20–35 in) tall, with alternate, oblong-lanceolate leaves 7–15 cm (2.8–5.9 in) long and 3–6 cm (1.2–2.4 in) broad. The flowers are produced on a 10–15 cm (3.9–5.9 in) panicle, each flower with six white tepals 3–6 mm (0.12–0.24 in) long blooming in late spring. The plants produce green fruits that are round and turn red in late summer.

It spreads by cylindrical rhizomes up to 0.3 m (1 ft 0 in) long.[5]

The Latin specific epithet racemosum means "with flowers that appear in racemes".[6]

Distribution

Maianthemum racemosum grows in habitats in North America up to elevations of 9,000 ft (2,743 m). The most robust and profuse occurrences of this plant are typically found in partial shade and deep, moist, soft soils. In the western part of North America an example typical habitat would be in a shaded ravine or riparian corridor with common understory associates of Dryopteris arguta, Trillium ovatum and Adiantum jordanii.[7]

Cultivation

The plant, like the closely related Polygonatum (Solomon's seal), is suitable for cultivation in moist, humus-rich soil in a woodland setting or in dappled shade.[8] It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[9][10]

Uses and identification
M. r. subsp. amplexicaule fruit, Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest
Fruit

The young shoots, while still tender and stripped of their leaves, can be simmered in water and eaten. Their delicate flavor is somewhat reminiscent of asparagus. However, they should not be collected for this purpose unless they are obviously abundant.

Although the young shoots are edible, the plant becomes too fibrous and bitter to enjoy after it completes flowering and seed setting stages. The Ojibwa Indians harvested the roots of this plant and cooked them in lye water overnight to remove the bitterness and neutralize their strong laxative qualities.

The ripe fruits are edible raw or cooked[11] and are very sweet with a hint of bitterness in the skin. They can be laxative if consumed in large quantities.

When young, Maianthemum racemosum may closely resemble members of the genus Veratrum, a highly toxic plant to which it is distantly related, or baneberry.[12] Consequently, this plant should not be consumed unless identification is positive.[13]

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See also

References
  1. "Maianthemum racemosum". Tropicos. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  2. "Maianthemum racemosum". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew – via The Plant List.
  3. "Maianthemum racemosum". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. Retrieved 28 June 2015.
  4. "Maianthemum racemosum". Connecticut Plants. Connecticut Botanical Society. 2015.
  5. LaFrankie, James V. (2002). "Maianthemum racemosum". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). 26. New York and Oxford – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  6. Harrison, Lorraine (2012). RHS Latin for Gardeners. United Kingdom: Mitchell Beazley. ISBN 184533731X.
  7. Hogan, C. Michael (2008). Stromberg, N. (ed.). "Coastal Woodfern (Dryopteris arguta)". GlobalTwitcher.
  8. RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 1405332964.
  9. "RHS Plant Selector - Maianthemum racemosum". Retrieved 3 June 2013.
  10. "AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 63. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
  11. Facciola. S. Cornucopia - A Source Book of Edible Plants. Kampong Publications 1990 ISBN 0-9628087-0-9
  12. Reiner, Ralph E. (1969). Introducing the Flowering Beauty of Glacier National Park and the Majestic High Rockies. Glacier Park, Inc. p. 114.
  13. Tilford, Gregory L. Edible and Medicinal Plants of the West. ISBN 0-87842-359-1.
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