Madurai district

Madurai district is one of the 38 districts of the state of Tamil Nadu in southeastern India.[1] The city of Madurai serves as the district headquarters. It houses the famous Sri Meenakshi Sundareshwarar temple and is situated on the banks of the river Vaigai and the oldest Islamic mosque in Madurai, The Kazimar Big Mosque, situated on the banks of Kiruthumal river. Thiruparankundram is one of the major tourist place in the district. As of 2011, the district had a population of 3,038,252 with a sex-ratio of 990 females for every 1,000 males. Aside from the city of Madurai, the larger towns are Melur, vadipatti, Peraiyur, and Usilampatti.[5] It is an important hub for various film shootings. Alanganallur is an important town in Madurai.

This article is about the district. For its eponymous headquarters, see Madurai.

Madurai
District of Tamil Nadu
Pilgrimage at Meenakshi Amman Temple, Madurai
Location in Tamil Nadu, India
Coordinates: 09°50′N 077°50′E[1]
Country India
State Tamil Nadu
Municipal CorporationsMadurai
HeadquartersMadurai
TaluksMadurai North, Madurai South, Madurai East, Madurai West, Melur, Peraiyur, Tirumangalam, Thiruparankundram, Usilampatti, Vadipatti, Kalligudi
Government
 • TypeDistrict Administration
 • BodyMadurai District Collectorate
 • District CollectorT. G. Vinay I.A.S[2]
 • Superintendent of PoliceManivannan IPS
Area
 • Total3,741.73 km2 (1,444.69 sq mi)
Area rank16
Population
 (2011)[3]
 • Total30,38,252
 • Rank4
 • Density812/km2 (2,100/sq mi)
Languages
 • OfficialTamil and English
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
625xxx
Telephone code0452
Vehicle registrationTN-58, TN-59, TN-64[4]
Coastline0 kilometres (0 mi)
Largest cityMadurai
Sex ratio♂-50.5% / ♀-49.5%
Literacy81.5%
Lok Sabha constituency1
Assembly constituency10
Websitewww.madurai.tn.nic.in
Bull taming in Alanganallur

History

Madurai is called with various nicknames like Athens of the East, Thoonga Nagaram (City that never Sleeps), Naan maada koodal (City of Four junctions), Malligai Managar (City of Jasmine), Koodal Managar (City of Junction) Koil Nagar (Temple city) etc. The main kingdoms which ruled Madurai during various times are the Pandyas and the Nayaks.[6]

Demographics

According to 2011 census, Madurai district had a population of 3,038,252[7] up from 2,578,201 in the 2001 census,[5] for a growth rate of 17.95%. It had a sex-ratio of 990 females for every 1,000 males, up from 978 in 2001,[5] and much above the national average of 929.[7] A total of 313,978 were under the age of six, constituting 162,517 males and 151,461 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 13.46% and .37% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the district was 74.83%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.[7] The district had a total of 794,887 households. There were a total of 1,354,632 workers, comprising 81,352 cultivators, 287,731 main agricultural labourers, 39,753 in house hold industries, 765,066 other workers, 180,730 marginal workers, 11,367 marginal cultivators, 85,097 marginal agricultural labourers, 7,540 marginal workers in household industries and 76,726 other marginal workers.[8]

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1901666,940—    
1911769,360+1.44%
1921800,795+0.40%
1931896,876+1.14%
19411,014,602+1.24%
19511,223,574+1.89%
19611,378,734+1.20%
19711,730,109+2.30%
19812,042,704+1.67%
19912,400,339+1.63%
20012,578,201+0.72%
20113,038,252+1.66%
source:[9]

Divisions

Madurai district comprises 13 talukas and revenue blocks, same names same boundaries. Under the gram panchayat system rural administration or the district is done by panchayat villages and the taluka headquarters. The revenue blocks are further sub-divided by firkas. The last three taluks, Tiruparankundram, Madurai West and Madurai East, were created in February 2014.[10] The thirteen talukas/blocks are:[11][12]

2001 census
Village house in Melur

In the 2001 census, Madurai district had only seven talukas: Madurai North, Madurai South, Melur, Peraiyur, Thirumangalam, Vadipatti, and Usilampatti.[13]

Electoral divisions
Assembly
Constituency		 Political
Party		 Elected
Representative
Thirupparankundram DMK -- Dr.S.S.Saravanan
Usilampatti AIADMK Neethipathi
Madurai North AIADMK V. V. Rajan Chellappa
Melur AIADMK Periya Pullan
Madurai East DMK P. Moorthy
Madurai Central DMK P.T.R.P.Thiyagarajan
Sholavandan AIADMK K Manickam
Tirumangalam AIADMK R. B. Udhaya Kumar
Madurai South AIADMK S.S.Saravanan
Madurai West AIADMK K. Raju
Lok Sabha
Constituency		 Political
Party		 Elected
Representative
Madurai CPI(M) VENKATESAN S
Source: Indian Elections / Election Commission of India.[14][15]

Geography

The district is bounded by Theni in the west, Sivaganga in the east, Dindigul in the north, Virudhunagar in the south and small parts of Tiruchirappalli in the northeast.

Climate
Madurai
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
20
 
 
30
20
 
 
14
 
 
32
21
 
 
18
 
 
35
23
 
 
55
 
 
38
25
 
 
70
 
 
37
26
 
 
40
 
 
36
26
 
 
50
 
 
36
25
 
 
104
 
 
35
25
 
 
119
 
 
34
24
 
 
188
 
 
33
24
 
 
145
 
 
30
23
 
 
51
 
 
29
21
Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
Precipitation totals in mm

The climate is extremes. There are three distinct periods of rainfall:

  • advancing monsoon period and south west monsoon from June to September, with strong southwest winds;
  • north east monsoon from October to December, with dominant north east winds;
  • dry season from January to May.
  • Madurai District is the hottest district of Tamil Nadu throughout the year. district receives average rainfall and heavy heat which is prevails from March to September. madurai recorded 42℃ at the time of September month.

Tourist attraction
  • Madurai Meenakshiamman temple
  • Alagar temple
  • Gandhi Memorial Museum, Madurai (Erst while Rani Mangammal Palace)
  • Thirumalai Nayakar Mahal
  • Theppakulam, Vandiyur
  • Madurai Maqbara
  • Alanganallur jallikattu Madurai
  • Thiruvathavur Thirumarainathar Temple and Birthplace of Manicka Vasakar
  • Thirumohoor Kalamegaperumal Temple
  • Thirupparamkunram Murugan temple
  • 1000 kaal Mandapam (1000 pillar hall)
  • Eco park
  • Kuruvithurai Vallaba Perumal Temple
  • Vaigai Dam (nearby)
  • Anaipatti Anjaneyar Temple
  • Kodaikanal (nearby)
  • Suruli falls (nearby)[16]
  • Kutladampatti falls
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References
  1. Madurai (Approved) at GEOnet Names Server, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
  2. Collector
  3. "District Census 2011". Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. 2011. Archived from the original on 5 May 2012. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
  4. "Registration Series Allotted to Regional Transport Offices" (PDF). Government of Tamil Nadu, State Transport Authority. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 September 2012.
  5. "Census of India 2001: Basic data Sheet: Madurai District, Tamil Nadu" (PDF). The Registrar General and Census Commissioner.
  6. "Madurai". britannica.com.
  7. "Census Info 2011 Final population totals". Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
  8. "Census Info 2011 Final population totals - Krishnagiri district". Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
  9. Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901
  10. Mariappan, Julie (12 February 2014). "23 new taluks created in Tamil Nadu". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 19 July 2014.
  11. "Map: Madurai District Blocks". Madurai District.
  12. "Reports of National Panchayat Directory: Village Panchayat Names of Madurai, Tamil Nadu". Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India. Archived from the original on 13 November 2011.
  13. "2001 Census of India: List of Villages by Tehsil: Tamil Nadu" (PDF). Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. pp. 245–256. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 November 2011.
  14. "Election results". Indian Elections. Archived from the original on 8 December 2012.
  15. "Parties Statistics". Election Commission of India. Archived from the original on 18 December 2008.
  16. Suruli Falls Suruli falls
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