MV Argo Merchant

MV Argo Merchant was a Liberian-flagged oil tanker built by Howaldtswerke in Hamburg, Germany, in 1953, most noted for running aground and subsequent sinking southeast of Nantucket Island, Massachusetts, causing one of the largest marine oil spills in history. Throughout the vessel's troubled past, she was involved in more than a dozen major shipping incidents including two other groundings; once in Indonesia while named Permina Samudra III, and again in Sicily while named Vari; and a collision in Japan.[1]

Argo Merchant, aground southeast of Nantucket seen with a silvery oil slick coming from her center holds.
History
Name:	Argo Merchant (1973) VARI (1970) Permina Samudra III (1968) Arcturus (1953)
Owner:	Thebes Shipping Inc.
Port of registry:	Liberia, Monrovia
Builder:	Howaldtswerke Hamburg, Germany
Yard number:	886
Launched:	1953
Out of service:	December 15, 1976
Identification:	IMO number: 5022522
Fate:	Foundered/sunk at 41.033°N 69.45°W / 41.033; -69.45
Notes:	[1][2]
General characteristics
Type:	Tanker
Tonnage:	18,743 GT
Length:	195.5 m (641 ft)
Beam:	25.7 m (84 ft)
Draught:	10.6 m (35 ft)
Speed:	16 knots
Capacity:	28,691 DWT
Notes:	[1][2]

Because of her checkered career and sinking, Argo Merchant was featured in the "worst ship" category in the 1979 publication, The Book of Heroic Failures.[3]

1976 shipwreck

In December 1976, Argo Merchant loaded with 7,700,000 US gallons (29,000,000 l) of No. 6 fuel oil at Puerto La Cruz, Venezuela, sailing for Boston under Captain Georgios Papadopoulos. It was later established that the ship carried two unqualified crew as helmsmen, a broken gyrocompass, inadequate charts, and an inaccurate radio direction finder. At 6 p.m. on 15 December in high winds and 3 m (9.8 ft) seas, the tanker ran aground on Middle Rip Shoal about 29 nautical miles (54 km; 33 mi) southeast of Nantucket and more than 24 nmi (44 km; 28 mi) off her intended course.[1] The thirty-eight members of the crew were evacuated, but the shallow waters and weather conditions made it impossible to offload the oil or salvage the ship. On 21 December 1976, Argo Merchant broke apart and emptied its entire cargo of fuel oil, enough to heat 18,000 homes for a year. Northwesterly winds blew the 60 by 100 nmi (110 by 190 km; 69 by 115 mi) oil slick offshore, and coastal fisheries and beaches were spared the worst.

The Argo Merchant's distress call (international code "XXX" on 500 kHz international calling and distress radio frequency) was responded to by USCG Communication Station (COMMSTA) Portsmouth (NMN).[4]

• 
  Argo Merchant breaking apart on 21 December 1976.

See also

• List of oil spills

References

1. "Argo Merchant". Casualty Database. Center for Tankship Excellence. 2010. Retrieved 5 September 2010.
2. Argo Merchant at Shipspotting.com
3. Pile, Stephen (1979). Book of Heroic Failures. London: Futura. ISBN 0-7088-1908-7.
4. (USCG Radioman 2nd Class C.E. Magdanz; I was on duty at an adjacent radio console at the time.)

Further reading

• Emergency Response Division, Office of Response and Restoration, National Ocean Service. "Argo Merchant". IncidentNews. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, US Department of Commerce. Archived from the original on 4 August 2010. Retrieved 5 September 2010.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
• Hook, Norman (1989). Maritime Casualties, 1963-1996. London: LLP Limited. ISBN 1-85978-110-1.
• Winslow, Ron (1978). Hard Aground: The Story Of The Argo Merchant Oil Spill. New York: W. W. North. ISBN 0-393-05687-2.