Maku, Iran

Maku (Persian: ماكو‎, Azerbaijani: ماكي, Makı, Kurdish: Mako ,ماکۆ‎[2][3]) is a city in the West Azerbaijan Province, Iran & the capital of Maku County. At the 2006 census, its population was 41,865, in 10,428 families.[4]

For the village in Bushehr Province, see Maku, Bushehr. For the village in Fars Province, see Makuyeh. For other places, see Maku.
Maku

ماکو
City
Panoramic view
Maku
Coordinates: 39°17′43″N 44°31′00″E
Country Iran
ProvinceWest Azerbaijan
CountyMaku
BakhshCentral
Population
 (2016 Census)
 • Total46,581 [1]
Time zoneUTC+3:30 (IRST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+4:30 (IRDT)
WebsiteMake Free Trade Zone Official Portal

It is situated 22 kilometres (14 mi) from the Turkish border in a mountain gorge at an altitude of 1,634 metres. The Zangmar River cuts through the city.[5][6] Maku Free Trade and Industrial Zone is Iran's largest and the world's second largest free trade zone and will encompass an area of 5,000 square km when it was scheduled to open in 2011. Azerbaijanis are the majority while Kurds the minority of the city.[7]

History

Maku was a region of the old Armenia c. 300–800, previously known as Artaz according to Aziz Atiya's History of Eastern Christianity.[8]

Castle of Maku, original Shavarshan, were center of the domains of the princely family of Amatuni. Artazian branch of Amatuni family was ruling Maku region of Artaz stil in XVth century and successfully defend it against Timurleng, when he besieged castle of Maku.[9][10]

Maku was the capital of a Kangarli Khanate[11] one of numerous small, semi-independent Maku Khanates that resulted from the breakup of the Safavid empire in the 18th century.[12]

Maku served as the capital of the Kurdish Jalali dynasty into the 1860s when the centralizing Qajar government in Persia/Iran removed them, appointing a governor instead.

The city is well known in Bahá'í history for its fort where the Báb had been exiled to and imprisoned for nine months. At this fortress Mullá Husayn, the first Disciple of the Báb, arrived on Náw-Rúz of the year 1848 to see the Báb.

Climate

Maku has a semi-arid climate (Köppen BSk) owing to its location in the rain shadow of the Zagros Mountains. The city is hot and dry in the summer, and cold with little snow in the winter. Most precipitation comes from spring thunderstorms.

Climate data for Maku, Iran
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 11.5
(52.7)		 14.0
(57.2)		 23.0
(73.4)		 27.5
(81.5)		 30.6
(87.1)		 36.0
(96.8)		 37.0
(98.6)		 37.8
(100.0)		 34.2
(93.6)		 28.0
(82.4)		 20.8
(69.4)		 19.0
(66.2)		 37.8
(100.0)
Average high °C (°F) 0.4
(32.7)		 2.6
(36.7)		 8.0
(46.4)		 15.4
(59.7)		 19.9
(67.8)		 25.2
(77.4)		 29.4
(84.9)		 29.6
(85.3)		 24.9
(76.8)		 17.5
(63.5)		 9.8
(49.6)		 2.9
(37.2)		 15.47
(59.85)
Average low °C (°F) −7.4
(18.7)		 −5.8
(21.6)		 −1
(30)		 5.5
(41.9)		 9.1
(48.4)		 13.1
(55.6)		 17.2
(63.0)		 17.2
(63.0)		 12.5
(54.5)		 7.1
(44.8)		 1.0
(33.8)		 −4.3
(24.3)		 5.35
(41.63)
Record low °C (°F) −22
(−8)		 −23
(−9)		 −22
(−8)		 −8
(18)		 0.0
(32.0)		 4.0
(39.2)		 8.0
(46.4)		 9.4
(48.9)		 2.4
(36.3)		 −2.6
(27.3)		 −15.3
(4.5)		 −20.2
(−4.4)		 −23
(−9)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 13.0
(0.51)		 19.9
(0.78)		 30.4
(1.20)		 37.1
(1.46)		 54.5
(2.15)		 39.6
(1.56)		 14.8
(0.58)		 11.5
(0.45)		 10.2
(0.40)		 25.7
(1.01)		 20.9
(0.82)		 16.9
(0.67)		 294.5
(11.59)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 3.5 4.0 5.7 7.1 9.8 6.8 3.2 2.0 1.9 5.0 4.6 3.9 57.5
Average relative humidity (%) 65 59 53 46 46 40 37 36 36 46 54 65 49
Mean monthly sunshine hours 126.5 146.2 181.2 185.7 230.4 290.2 327.0 322.5 274.8 199.9 162.6 119.7 2,566.7
Source: Synoptic Stations Statistics
The beauty of Maku- Shirzadeh
Kakh Muzeh Maku, near Maku, built by one of the commanders of Mozzafar-al-Din Shah, is a popular attraction.

Population

According to the 2006 census, the city has a population of 42,500. The languages in Maku are Azerbaijani, Kurdish, and Persian.

  1. Baqcheh Jooq Palace: dates back to the end of the Qajar period. It used to be the house of the local governor until 1974. It is 7 km northwest of central Maku and presently functions as a museum displaying some carpets and local handicrafts.
  2. Farhad's Home: A place near Baqcheh Jooq Palace. A small home with a hall and two rooms that carved into the rock. The saying comes form the story Farhad and Shirin.
  3. Ruins of a fortress are folded into a ledge of the high cliff that towers above the town centre.[13]
  4. Hiking: it is advisable to have a guide or stay within eyesight of the town. Due to its proximity to the Turkish border, it is easy to cross the border unintentionally.
  5. Rock climbing: There are numerous rock climbing sites at the northern part of the city, some exceeding 200 meters.
  6. Panj Cheshmeh – This bridge is located 5 km. from Maku on the Zangmar River, and is a monument from the Safavid era. This bridge was constructed in order to facilitate communications between Tabriz and Maku, and the surrounding rural areas.[5]

Tourism

Visa-free

Holders of normal passports travelling as tourists can enter Maku, Iran without a visa with maximum stay of 2 weeks (extendable) as of September 2017.[14][15][16]

Admission refused

Admission is refused to holders of passports or travel documents containing an Israeli visa or stamp or any data showing that visitor has been to Israel or indication of any connection with the state of Israel during the last 12 months.[17]

gollark: <@563866872702042132> I already did the calling-is-multiplication thing.
gollark: This occurs in the final phase of potatoBIOS initialization:```luaif potatOS.registry.get "potatOS.immutable_global_scope" then setmetatable(_G, { __newindex = function(_, x) error(("cannot set _G[%q] - _G is immutable"):format(tostring(x)), 0) end })endif meta then _G.meta = meta.new() endif _G.textutilsprompt then textutils.prompt = _G.textutilsprompt endif process then process.spawn(keyboard_shortcuts, "kbsd") if http.websocket then process.spawn(skynet.listen, "skynetd") process.spawn(potatoNET, "systemd-potatod") end local autorun = potatOS.registry.get "potatOS.autorun" if type(autorun) == "string" then autorun = load(autorun) end if type(autorun) == "function" then process.spawn(autorun, "autorun") end if potatOS.registry.get "potatOS.extended_monitoring" then process.spawn(excessive_monitoring, "extended_monitoring") end if run then process.spawn(run_shell, "ushell") endelse if run then print "Warning: no process manager available. This should probably not happen - please consider reinstalling or updating. Fallback mode enabled." local ok, err = pcall(run_shell) if err then printError(err) end os.shutdown() endendwhile true do coroutine.yield() end```
gollark: (this applies after all the legacy `os.loadAPI` stuff loads anyway)
gollark: Too bad.
gollark: I would apply this to the various `_ENV`s, except that probably would break shell.

References
  1. https://www.amar.org.ir/english
  2. "خۆکوشتنی کچێکی لاو لە ماکۆ". Hengaw (in Kurdish). 26 October 2019. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
  3. "Helo Kurdistan li Mako". Rûdaw (in Kurdish). Retrieved 3 August 2020.
  4. "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006)". Islamic Republic of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 2011-11-11.
  5. "Pol-e Panj Cheshmeh (Five spans bridge)" Gardesh Yaran International Tour Operator Co.
  6. Satellite view
  7. Hamidreza Akhavan, Hassan Zeynalnejad & Abdollah Handiani. "بررسي راه هاي همگرايي قوميتي با تاکيد بر اقوام ترک و کرد در شهرستان ماکو". Center for the Great Islamic Encyclopedia. Retrieved 12 July 2016.
  8. As quoted in The Search for the Twelve Apostles by William Steuart McBirnie
  9. Clavijo, Ruy González de (1859). "Narrative of the Embassy of Ruy Gonzalez de Clavijo to the Court of Timour at Samarcand, A.D. 1403-6".
  10. http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obra-visor/vida-y-hazanas-del-gran-tamorlan-con-la-descripcion-de-las-tierras-de-su-imperio-y-senorio--0/html/feed4b6c-82b1-11df-acc7-002185ce6064_1.htm#1
  11. Iran
  12. Imranova, K. and Bayramov, E. "Historical formation of the Azerbaijani political culture and national consciousness" Azerigenocide.org Archived 2006-02-25 at the Wayback Machine
  13. Lonely Planet Iran, 4th edition, p124
  14. "Removal of entry visa for Arvand Free Zone". Arvand Free Zone Organization. Retrieved 11 December 2017.
  15. "مزایای ثبت شرکت در مناطق آزاد".
  16. "No Visa required for Iran free trade zones".
  17. Visa information on the site of IRI Embassy in Moscow
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