Lynn Hershman Leeson

Lynn Hershman Leeson (born Cleveland, Ohio, US, 1941) is an American artist and filmmaker.[2] Her work combines art with social commentary, particularly on the relationship between people and technology. Leeson's work in media-based technology helped legitimize digital art forms.[3]

Lynn Hershman Leeson
Born1941 (age 78–79)
Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.
NationalityAmerican
EducationCase Western Reserve University, San Francisco State University
OccupationArtist, filmmaker
Known for
Notable work
Awards
  • D.velop Digital Art Award
  • Sloan Prize for Writing and Directing
  • Siggraph Distinguished Artist Award
  • IFP Pixel Market Prize[1]
Websitelynnhershman.com

Education

Lesson earned a bachelor's degree in Education, Museum Administration and Fine Arts from Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland (1963) and a Master of Fine Arts from San Francisco State University (1972).[4]

Career

Leeson's work has as its themes: identity in a time of consumerism, privacy in an era of surveillance, interfacing of humans and machines, and the relationship between real and virtual worlds. Her work grew out of an installation art and performance tradition, with an emphasis on interactivity.[5] With a practice spanning more than 40 years, Leeson has worked in performance, moving image, drawing, collage, text-based work, site-specific interventions, and later new media / digital technologies, and interactive net-based works.

Her projects explore technology in digital media and science. Leeson was the first artist to launch an interactive piece using Videodisc, a precursor to DVD (Lorna, 1983–84), as well the first artist to incorporate a touch screen interface into her artwork (Deep Contact, 1984–1989). Her networked robotic art installation (The Difference Engine #3, 1995–1998) is an example of her tendency to expand her artwork beyond the traditional realms of art.[3][6]

Work by Lynn Hershman Leeson is featured in the public collections of the Museum of Modern Art, the William Lehmbruck Museum, the ZKM (Zentrum fur Kunst und Medientechnologie), the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, the National Gallery of Canada, di Rosa,[7] the Walker Art Center and the University Art Museum, Berkeley, in addition to the private collections of Donald Hess and Arturo Schwarz, among many others. Commissions include projects for the Tate Modern, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, de Young Museum, Daniel Langlois and Stanford University, and Charles Schwab.

Alter ego

From 1974 until 1978, Leeson ‘developed’ a fictional persona and alter ego of "Roberta Breitmore." It consisted not only of a physical self-transformation through make-up, clothing, and wigs, but a fully-fledged personality existing over an extended period of time and whose existence could be proven in the world through physical evidence: from a driver’s license and credit card to letters from her psychiatrist.[8][9]

This was later taken to further lengths when Leeson introduced another three ‘Robertas’, by hiring other performers to enact her character. These ‘clones’ of Roberta adopted the same look and attire, engaged in some of Roberta’s correspondence and also went on some of Roberta (Leeson’s) dates. Towards the end, the ‘original’ Roberta, withdrew from her character leaving the three ‘clones’ to continue her work, until they were retired in a performance at the Palazzo dei Diamanti in Ferrara, Italy in 1978, during an exorcism at the grave of Lucrezia Borgia. What remains are the physical artefacts of any life: documentation and personal effects such as legal and medical documents and a diary).[6]

Between 1995–2000 Roberta transformed into the CybeRoberta, an interactive artificial intelligent sculpture on the web. In 2006 Roberta Breitmore developed into a character in Second Life. After Stanford University acquired her archive, Leeson worked with Henry Lowood (Stanford Humanities Lab) to convert parts of the archive into something for a broader public. They worked to recreate and re-enact both Roberta Breitmore and The Dante Hotel in a virtual space.[10]

LORNA

LORNA was an early project of Leeson's. The first interactive laser artdisk, LORNA tells the story of an Agoraphobic woman. Viewers have the option of directing her life into several possible plots and endings.[11] LORNA never left her one-room apartment. As LORNA watched the news and ads, she became fearful, afraid to leave her tiny room. Viewers were invited to liberate LORNA from her fears, using remote control units.

The plot has multiple variations that can be seen backwards, forwards, at increased or decreased speeds, and from several points of view. There is no hierarchy in the ordering of decisions. And the icons were often made of cut-off and dislocated body parts such as a mouth, or an eye.[11]

Agent Ruby

In 2001, Leeson created the "Agent Ruby" for the SFMOMA . Since that time Agent Ruby[12] has conversed with online users, which has shaped her memory, knowledge, and moods. In 2013 the SFMOMA presented Lynn Hershman Leeson: The Agent Ruby Files. This digital and analog presentation reinterprets dialogues drawn from the decade-long archive of text files of Agent Ruby’s conversations with online users and reflects on technologies, recurrent themes, and patterns of audience engagement.[13]

Films and documentaries

A 1990 documentary, Desire Inc. features a series of seductive television ads in which a sexy woman asked for viewers to call her.

Leeson's four feature films - Strange Culture, Teknolust, Conceiving Ada, and !Women Art Revolution, - have been part of the Sundance Film Festival, the Toronto International Film Festival and The Berlin International Film Festival, among others, and have won numerous awards. In 2011 Hershman released the ground-breaking !Women Art Revolution, a feature-length documentary about the feminist art movement in the United States. According to Leeson:[10]

The films are all about loss and technology. Ada Lovelace invented computer language, but was never credited and was basically erased from history. Teknolust is about artificial intelligence clones: the bots that escape into reality and interact with human life, in effect a symbiosis between technological life and human life, and how the two can marry. Strange Culture again was about misidentity, where the media created a fictional character that they blame this crime on, rather than the actual person. All of these works are about erasure of identity and how technology adds to it and creates it. And how you can defeat that.

She (among others) was interviewed for the film.[14]

As part of her 2014 exhibition "How To Disappear," she premiered her video The Ballad of JT LeRoy,[15] examining Laura Albert's use of the literary persona JT LeRoy. Reflecting on the parallels between JT LeRoy and Roberta Breitmore, Hershman Leeson has commented:[16]

The concept of an alter ego is not new at all. Writers have been protecting themselves in that way for centuries. Mary Shelley did it. Of course Laura took this practice further and I think that was very smart and I do not think she deserves the kind of condemnation that she got. If I had done the Roberta thing ten years later, I would have faced the same problems.

Retrospectives

In 2007 a retrospective at the Whitworth Art Gallery in Manchester, Autonomous Agents, featured a comprehensive range of the artist's work - from the Roberta Breitmore series (1974–78) to videos from the 1980s and interactive installations that use the Internet and artificial intelligence software. Her influential early ventures into performance and photography are also featured in the current touring exhibition WACK! Art and the Feminist Revolution, organized by the Los Angeles Museum of Contemporary Art. The Art and Films of Lynn Hershman Leeson: Secret Agents, Private I, was published by The University of California Press in 2005 on the occasion of another retrospective at the Henry Gallery in Seattle.

In 2014 The ZKM Museum of Contemporary Art in Karlsruhe, Germany held "Civic Radar", a retrospective of Hershman Leeson's work. The ZKM Museum described the retrospective as having "realized the first retrospective which not only ensures an overview of all creative phases in Lynn Hershman Leeson’s oeuvre but also the most recent productions of this innovative artist." [17] While encompassing a wide body of Hershman's work throughout the years, as an exhibition, "Civic Radar" highlights Hershman's interest in technology, looking closely at artificial intelligence and genetic modification. In 2017, "Civic Radar," Hershman's retrospective from ZKM was hosted at the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts in San Francisco, California.[18]

Solo exhibitions
  • 2000 Sweeney Gallery, University of California, Riverside.
  • 2000 Filmhaus, Koln, Germany October 12–30.
  • 2000 Retrospective, Tribute, Feminale, Koln Germany October 12–14.
  • 2001 University of Virginia Museum of Art, Charlottesville, Virginia.
  • 2001 Media & Identity, UCR Sweeney Art Gallery, Riverside, California.
  • 2002 Lynn Hershaman, Gallery Paule Angli,. San Francisco, California.
  • 2004 Lynn Hershman added, bitforms Gallery - New York, New York City, NY.
  • 2005 Hershmanlandia, Henry Art Gallery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
  • 2005 Gallery Paule Anglim, San Francisco, California.
  • 2005–2006 Bitforms Gallery, New York, NY.
  • 2008 No Body Special, De Young Museum, San Francisco, California.[19]
  • 2008 The Floating Museum (1975–1978): Lynn Hershman Leeson, New Langton Arts, San Francisco, California.
  • 2008 Lynn Hershman, Gallery Paule Anglim, San Francisco, California.
  • 2008 Found Objects, bitforms Gallery - New York, New York City, NY.[20]
  • 2011 Roberta Breitmore, Galerie Waldburger, Brussels, Belgium
  • 2012 Me as Roberta, Museum of Contemporary Art in Kraków, Poland, February 17 –April 29[21]
  • 2012 Seducing Time, Retrospective, Kunsthalle Bremen, Bremen, Germany[22]
  • 2012 W.A.R. Documentary screening, Reina Sofia, Madrid, Spain, March 12
  • 2012 W.A.R. Documentary screening, Moderna Museet, Stockholm, Sweden, September 2012
  • 2013 Video Works, Galerie Waldburger, Brussels, Belgium
  • 2013 Present Tense, Gallery Paule Anglim, San Francisco, California.
  • 2013 Agent Ruby Files, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (SFMoMa), San Francisco, California.
  • 2013–2014 New Acquisitions in Photography, Museum of Modern Art (MoMa), New York, NY. March 1, *2013 – July 1, 2013
  • 2013–2014 Dissident Futures, Yerba Buena Center for the Arts, San Francisco, California.
  • 2014 Pop Departures, Seattle Art Museum, Seattle, Washington.[23]
  • 2014 Post Speculation, P!, New York, NY.
  • 2014 Taking a Stand Against War, Lehmbruck Museum, Duisburg, Germany.
  • 2014 Vertigo of Reality, Akademie der Künste, Berlin, Germany. September 16-Dec. 1.[24]
  • 2014 Women: Seeing and Being Seen, Scott Nichols Gallery, San Francisco, California.
  • 2014 Playback, AUTOCENTER, Berlin, Germany.
  • 2014 California Rhapsody, Harald Falckenberg Collection, Hamburg, Germany.
  • 2014 How to Disappear, Aanant & Zoo, Berlin, Germany. July 15-September 6.[15][16][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]
  • 2014 Civic Radar. Lynn Hershman Leeson - The Retrospective, ZKM Center for Art and Media Karlsruhe, Germany. December 12, 2014 – March 30, 2015.[32]
  • 2015 Lynn Hershman Leeson: Origins of the Species (Part 2), Modern Art Oxford, UK. May 30 – September 30.[33]
  • 2017 VertiGhost, Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, December 16, 2017 – March 25, 2018.[34]
  • 2018 Lynn Hershman Leeson: Transgressing One(Self), Paul Van Esch and Partners at SHOWROOM, Amsterdam. March 9-31, 2018. [35]
  • 2018 Lynn Hershman Leeson: A Manual for Automatons, Bionic Beings and Cyborgs, 1962-1982, Anglim Gilbert Gallery, San Francisco. April 26 - May 26, 2018. [36]

Grants and awards

Lynn Hershman Leeson has been honored with grants from Creative Capital, The National Endowment for the Arts, Nathan Cummings Foundation, Siemens International Media Arts Award, Prix Ars Electronica, and Alfred P Sloan Foundation Prize for Writing and Directing. In 2009 she was the recipient of a John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellowship.[37] Also in 2009, she received the SIGGRAPH Distinguished Artist Award.[38] The Digital Art Museum in Berlin recognized her work with the d.develop digital award (ddaa) for Lifetime Achievement in the field of New Media in 2010.[39] Her work was recently included in Arthur and Marilouise Kroker's Top Ten for the January 2013 issue of Artforum.[40][41]

In 2014, IFP Pixel Market Prize went to The Infinity Engine starring Tilda Swinton, directed by Lynn Hershman Leeson in collaboration with producer Lisa Cortes, whose credits include the Academy Award and Sundance Film Festival winning film Precious. The Infinity Engine is an installation, film and online interactive website. The prize comprises a six-month fellowship at the Media Center and an invitation to participate in next year’s No Borders programme. [42][43]

Leeson was also featured in the Women's eNews "21 Leaders for the 21st Century" special in 2014 for her role in empowering young female artists to strengthen their artistic voices. Her documentary !W.A.R. raises awareness for the fact that the art world is a male-dominated realm and explores the many influential works of female artists over the decades.[44]

Hershman Leeson served as Chair of the Film Department at the San Francisco Art Institute,[45] as Professor Emeritus at the University of California, Davis,[46] and as an A. D. White Professor at Large at Cornell University.[47] She is the 2013–2014 Dorothy H. Hirshon "Director in Residence" at The New School.[48]

In 2004, Stanford University Libraries acquired Hershman Leeson's working archive.[49] Stanford also acquired a collection of the interviews compiled for Hershman Leeson's 2010 documentary !Women Art Revolution.[50]

In 2018, The Women's Caucus for Art awarded Lynn Hershman Leeson with the Lifetime Achievement Award, in Los Angeles CA[51]

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References
  1. "The Flickering Flame takes out the ARTE International Prize for The Pixel Market 2014". October 14, 2014. Archived from the original on October 18, 2014. Retrieved April 30, 2018.
  2. "Lynn Hershman Leeson". www.art21.org. Retrieved 2019-09-08.
  3. Tromble, Meredith (2005). The Art and Films of Lynn Hershman Leeson: Secret Agents, Private I. University of California. pp. xi. ISBN 978-0-520-23970-8.
  4. "Lynn Hershman (biography)". www.fondation-langlois.org. Retrieved 2019-02-14.
  5. Wardrip-Fruin, Noah, and Nick Montfort, eds. The New Media Reader. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2003, p. 643.
  6. The Importance of Being Roberta, Katerina Gregos (2011)
  7. "The Collection". dirosaart.org. Retrieved 2016-11-03.
  8. "Breitmore, Roberta (Lynn Hershman Leeson)". fictive.arts.uci.edu. Archived from the original on 2013-11-10. Retrieved 2018-03-08.
  9. Maloney, Patricia. "Looking for Roberta Breitmore". Art Practical. Retrieved 2018-03-08.
  10. Aceti, Lanfranco (2011-08-06). "Hacking the Codes of Self-representation LEA Magazine Article". Leoalmanac.org. Retrieved 2014-04-04. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  11. "Lynn Hershman Leeson – Lorna". Lynnhershman.com. 2011-02-23. Retrieved 2014-04-04.
  12. Lynn Hershman Leeson's Agent Ruby
  13. "Exhibitions + Events | Calendar | Lynn Hershman Leeson: The Agent Ruby Files". SFMOMA. Archived from the original on 2014-04-07. Retrieved 2014-04-04.
  14. Anon 2018
  15. "Birds Eye View". 2014-07-29.
  16. "KubaParis". 2016-08-03. Archived from the original on 2019-02-14. Retrieved 2014-10-14.
  17. "Civic Radar". 2014.
  18. "YBCA: Civic Radar". www.ybca.org. Retrieved 2018-03-23.
  19. "Lynn Hershman Leeson: No Body Special", de Young Museum, Retrieved 19 January 2019.
  20. "Past Exhibitions 2008", bitforms gallery, Retrieved 19 January 2019.
  21. "Lynn Hershman Leeson. Me as Robert.", Museum of Contemporary Art in Krakow, Retrieved 19 January 2019.
  22. "Seducing Time", Kunsthalle Bremen, Retrieved 19 January 2019.
  23. "Pop Departures", Seattle Art Museum, Retrieved 19 January 2019.
  24. "Vertigo of Reality", Akademie der Kunste Berlin, Retrieved 19 January 2019.
  25. "ArtNews Review" (PDF). 2014.
  26. "Art in Berlin". 2014-09-02.
  27. "KubaParis". 2014-07-29. Archived from the original on 2014-10-19. Retrieved 2014-10-14.
  28. "ArtSlant Berlin". 2014.
  29. "Monopol". 2014-07-31. Archived from the original on 2014-08-03. Retrieved 2014-10-14.
  30. "Der Tagesspiegel". 2014-08-09.
  31. "Berliner Zeitung". 2014-08-12.
  32. "Lynn Hershman Leeson: Civic Radar", ZKM Karlsruhe, Retrieved 19 January 2019.
  33. "Lynn Hershman Leeson: Origins of the Species (Part 2)", Modern Art Oxford, Retrieved 19 January 2019.
  34. "Lynn Hershman Leeson: VertiGhost". Retrieved 2019-09-15.
  35. "Lynn Hershman Leeson: Transgressing One(Self)", Paul Van Esch and Partners, Retrieved 7 May 2020.
  36. "Lynn Hershman Leeson: A Manual for Automatons, Bionic Beings and Cyborgs, 1962-1982" Anglim Gilbert Gallery, Retrieved 7 May 2020.
  37. "Fellow Profile". John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
  38. "SIGGRAPH Distinguished Artist Award". Leonardo. 42 (4): 296. August 2009. doi:10.1162/leon.2009.42.4.296.
  39. Sterling, Bruce. "An art prize called [ddaa]". Wired. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
  40. "Visual Arts Faculty featured in Artforum's Top Ten List". Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
  41. Kroker, Arthur and Marilouise (January 2013). "Top Ten". Artforum. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
  42. "Screen Daily". 2014-10-10.
  43. "Power to the Pixel". 2014-10-10. Archived from the original on 2014-10-18.
  44. Jensen, Rita. "Women's eNews Announces 21 Leaders for 21st Century 2014". womensenews.org. Retrieved 2014-02-05.
  45. "SFAI Faculty Profile". Archived from the original on 10 September 2013. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
  46. "Profile at UC Davis Cinema and Technocultural Studies". Retrieved 19 November 2013.
  47. "Cornell Rose Goldsen Archive of New Media Art". hdl:1813.001/7761936f. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  48. "Lynn Hershman Film Screening and Q&A". Retrieved 19 November 2013.
  49. "Lynn Hershman Leeson Papers Finding Aid". Retrieved 19 November 2013.
  50. "!W.A.R.: Voices of a Movement". Retrieved 19 November 2013.
  51. "WCA Lifetime Achievement Award". www.nationalwca.org. Retrieved 2018-03-24.
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