Lustration in Ukraine

Lustration in Ukraine (Ukrainian: Люстрація, Lyustratsiya) refers to the removal from public office of civil servants who served under Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych. This measure was initiated under president Petro Poroshenko, after Yanukovich was deposed in the 2014 Ukrainian Revolution. This lustration also applies to civil servants who were active in the Communist Party of the Soviet Union prior to 1991. A 2019 proposal by the newly elected president Volodymyr Zelensky would expand the lustration to the officials who served under Poroshenko.[1][2]

Logo of the Ukrainian Lustration Committee

The name "lustration" alludes to similar purges of civil servants that took place in Eastern Europe following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. The exclusion from service is set to a term of five to ten years.[3]

Overview

The purpose of the lustration campaign is to remove from public office "for ten years and others for five years" civil servants who worked under Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych for more than a year[3] "and did not resign of their own accord" between 25 February 2010 and 22 February 2014 and civil servants "who were elected and worked in high positions in the Soviet Communist Party, were permanent workers or secret agents of the Soviet KGB, the Main Intelligence Department of the Soviet Defense Ministry, graduated from higher education establishments of the Soviet KGB (except for technical specializations), worked with the special services of foreign countries as secret informers or carried out events aimed at sabotaging the foundations of Ukraine's national security, defense or territorial integrity by their actions or lack thereof, made public calls for violations of the territorial integrity and sovereignty of Ukraine, or fanned ethnic feud".[4]

The complete process of checking all civil servants is to be completed in December 2016.[5] Elected offices like the President of Ukraine and People's Deputies of Ukraine will not be subject to lustration checks.[3] Current judges of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine and the Supreme Court of Ukraine will not be subject to lustration either.[3]

History

Monument "Sword of Justice" in Brovary symbolized lustration and the fight against corruption in a city

Lustration was one of the demands of the Euromaidan-protestors.[6] The Euromaidan-protests started in November 2013 and ended with the 22 February 2014 removal of office of President Viktor Yanukovych.[7] On 26 February 2014, Ehor Sobolev was nominated to lead the "Committee on Lustration" in the new Yatsenyuk Government.[8] On 14 August 2014, the Ukrainian parliament adopted a bill on government lustration that introduced "procedures for conducting checks of government officials and people nominated for government position with the purpose of deciding whether they meet certain criteria for occupying relevant post".[9] The bill was passed with the support of 252 out of 450 MPs.[9][10] On 16 September 2014 the Ukrainian parliament at the third reading adopted the law on lustration and thus finally passed the bill that took effect on 16 October 2014.[4] The head of the working group which finalized the bill on lustration, Yuriy Derevianko, said that the adopted document differed from the bill considered by the parliament at first reading.[11]

The first lustration wave, in October 2014, resulted in the removal of 39 high-ranking officials.[12] By mid-September 2015 700 officials were lustrated/fired.[13]

Criticism

According to General Prosecutor of Ukraine Vitaly Yarema the lustration law adopted by the Ukrainian parliament complied neither with the Ukrainian Constitution nor international law, and he warned "its enactment will have negative consequences".[4]

Volodymyr Yavorsky of the Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group described the 14 August 2014 lustration bill as "unreasonable." He warned that its implementation would entail "serious systematic violations of human rights," because, among other reasons, too many people would be affected by it, including the effects of dismissing officials who could not be easily replaced.[14]

The Council of Europe's Venice Commission ruled on 12 December 2014 that the lustration law contained some serious flaws; it called for revision of the lustration criteria, administrative decisions on lustration to be postponed and that information on who is subject to lustration should only be published after a final court ruling issued.[15]

See also

• Decommunization in Ukraine

References

1. https://www.ft.com/content/f1f40060-a4ab-11e9-974c-ad1c6ab5efd1
2. Edwards, Maxim. "Welcome to Ukraine's Post-Post-Maidan Era". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 2019-08-19.
3. "Lustration law faces sabotage, legal hurdles". Kyiv Post. 23 October 2014.
4. "Lustration law takes effect in Ukraine". Interfax Ukraine. 15 October 2014.
5. "Checks of officials under lustration law to start on November 1, says Ukrainian PM". Interfax Ukraine. 16 October 2014.
6. "In Ukraine's Corridors Of Power, An Effort To Toss Out The Old". NPR. 7 May 2014.
7. "Ukraine crisis timeline". BBC News.
8. "Arseniy Yatseniuk nominated to lead new government as Ukraine prime minister". Kyiv Post. 27 February 2014.
9. "Rada passes bill on government lustration in first reading". Interfax-Ukraine. 14 August 2014.
10. "Ukraine OKs Malaysian experts' access to MH17 crash site". China Central Television. 12 August 2014.
11. "Ukraine's Parliament passes law on lustration". Kyiv Post. 16 September 2014.
12. "Thirty-nine Ukrainian top officials to lose jobs under lustration law". Interfax Ukraine. 16 October 2014.
13. Week in numbers, UNIAN (20 October 2015)
14. Yavorsky, Volodymyr (14 August 2014). "Proposed lustration law has serious defects". Kyiv Post.
15. Council of Europe Venice Commission: some provisions of Ukrainian lustration law should be revised, Interfax-Ukraine (12 December 2014)