Lucy Thurman

Lucy Thurman (October 22, 1849 – March 29, 1918)[1] was a national temperance lecturer from Jackson, Michigan.[2]

Lucy Thurman, in a 1902 publication

Biography

Lucinda "Lucy" Smith was born on October 22, 1849, in Oshawa, Ontario, Canada to Nehemiah Henry Smith and Katherine Campbell. In 1866, she left home at 17 when she met Frederick Douglass and Dr. William Wells Brown in Rochester, New York. With their help, she began teaching at a school in Maryland. She moved to Jackson, Michigan in 1869 and married Henry William Simpson.[2][3][4] She remarried after Simpson's death to Frank Thurman in 1883.[4]

In 1873, she began advocating for the development temperance work for black people at the Women's Temperance Crusade in Toledo, Ohio. When the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) was formed a year later, she became its only black founding member. In 1883, she successfully convinced the WCTU to establish a National Department of Colored Work.[1] In 1893, Thurman became the national superintendent of "Colored Work" at the WCTU.[5] In 1898, she cofounded the Michigan Association of Colored Women's Clubs with friend Elizabeth McCoy and served as its first president. The new organization was under the umbrella of the National Association of Colored Women's Clubs (NACWC) and was dedicated to welfare, rights, and education of black women and families.[4]

In 1906, she was elected as the third national president of the NACW. Under her leadership, she helped to establish a Temperance Department, passed resolutions and actively worked in support of anti-lynching campaigns, juvenile courts, and the National Association for the Protection of Colored Women and Girls.[4][5][6]

Death and legacy

Thurman died in Jackson, Michigan on March 29, 1918.[1]

The Lucy Thurman Young Women's Christian Association Building in Detroit is named for her and opened in 1933. The building received a state historical designation in 1993.[2][3]

In 1992, she was inducted into the Michigan Women's Hall of Fame.[1]

A portrait of Thurman, painted by Detroit artist Telitha Cumi Bowens, was included in the 1988/89 exhibit Ain't I A Woman at the Museum of African American History, Detroit. The exhibit featured a dozen prominent Black women from the state of Michigan, including the Honorable Cora M. Brown, Ethelene Jones Crockett, M.D., and musician Madame Emma Azalia Hackley.[7]

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References
  1. "Lucinda Thurman" (PDF). Michigan Women's Historical Center & Hall of Fame. Retrieved November 24, 2016.
  2. Curtis, Nancy C. (January 1, 1996). Black Heritage Sites: An African American Odyssey and Finder's Guide. American Library Association. ISBN 9780838906439.
  3. RjM. "Black History Month: A Jackson Michigan Woman's Cause". Experience Jackson. Retrieved October 24, 2016.
  4. Burns, Virginia (January 1, 2006). Bold Women in Michigan History. Mountain Press Publishing. ISBN 9780878425259.
  5. Gilmore, Glenda Elizabeth (April 1, 2013). Gender and Jim Crow: Women and the Politics of White Supremacy in North Carolina, 1896-1920. UNC Press Books. ISBN 9781469612454.
  6. Collier-Thomas, Bettye (February 2, 2010). Jesus, Jobs, and Justice: African American Women and Religion. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN 9780307593054.
  7. Ain't I A Woman, an exhibition catalogue. Detroit, MI: Museum of African American History. 1989. pp. 16–18.
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