List of turnpikes in New York

This is a list of turnpikes built and operated by private companies or non-profit turnpike trusts in the U.S. state of New York, mainly in the 19th century. While most of the roads are still maintained as free public roads, some have been abandoned.

Name[1] Chartered[2] Length[3] Routing[4][5] Approximate modern designation Built? Notes
Albany and Schenectady Turnpike April 1, 1797, c. 87[6]; reorganized March 30, 1802, c. 69[7] 14 miles (23 km) Schenectady - Albany NY 5 Yes
First Great Western Turnpike March 15, 1799, c. 30[6] 52 miles (84 km) Cherry Valley - Esperance - Duanesburg - Watervliet US 20 Yes Initially founded as the Western Turnpike, April 4, 1798, c. 88[6]. Some time later authorized to extend into Albany
Columbia Turnpike March 29, 1799, c. 69[6] 20 miles (32 km) Hudson - Claverack - Hillsdale - Massachusetts state line NY 23 via NY 23B Yes Connected to Twelfth Massachusetts Turnpike at east end. Still in operation by
Rensselaer and Columbia Turnpike April 1, 1799, c. 73[6] 28 miles (45 km) Rensselaer - Nassau - Lebanon Springs US 20 Yes Founded as the Albany and Columbia Turnpike, April 5, 1798 (c. 94) to go from the state line at Lebanon Springs to Albany; it charter was repealed in the act that created this turnpike.
Eastern Turnpike April 1, 1799, c. 73[6] 40 miles (64 km) Nassau - Berlin - Massachusetts Nassau-Averill Park Road, Taborton Road, Stage Coach Road, Upper Stage Coach Road, Old Post Road, Plank Road, Green Plank Road Connected to Williamstown Turnpike at east end
Northern Turnpike Main Road April 1, 1799, c. 79[6] 60 miles (97 km) Lansingburgh - Cambridge - Salem - Granville NY 40, Melrose Valley Falls Road, Northern Turnpike, NY 67, Turnpike Road, NY 22 Yes
Branch Salem - Vermont Line CR 153 Yes
Seneca Turnpike April 1, 1800, c. 78[6] 157 miles (253 km) Canandaigua - Waterloo - Syracuse - Oneida - Utica NY 5 (Turnpike Road: Mud Lock – Sennett) Yes Repealed 1802, c. 89[7]
Susquehannah Turnpike April 1, 1800, c. 79[6] 80 miles (130 km) Salisbury, CT - Catskill - Cairo - Durham - Gilboa - Stamford - Treadwell - Unadilla State Line Road, Dutchess CR 60, CR 8, NY 82, US 9, Church Road, Greendale Road, Main Street, NY 145, CR 20, Durham Road, Potter Mountain Road, NY 990V, Gilboa Road, NY 23, Turnpike Road, Delhi–Leonta Road, NY 357 Yes Part of the Catskill Turnpike Road. Portion of the turnpike east of the Hudson spun off as the Ancram Turnpike
Orange Turnpike April 4, 1800, c. 102[6] 25 miles (40 km) New Jersey state line - Suffern - Sloatsburg - Monroe - Chester[8] NY 59, NY 17, Orange Turnpike Yes Connected to Franklin Turnpike at south end
Mohawk Turnpike April 4, 1800, c. 105[6] 80 miles (130 km) Schenectady - Amsterdam - Fonda - Palatine Bridge - Little Falls - Herkimer - Utica NY 5 Yes
Westchester Turnpike April 7, 1800, c. 121[6] 10 miles (16 km) Eastchester - New Rochelle - Mamaroneck - Port Chester - Connecticut state line US 1 Yes Connected to Connecticut Turnpike at north end
Newburgh and Cochecton Turnpike March 20, 1801, c. 36[9] 60 miles (97 km) Newburgh - Montgomery - Wurtsboro - Monticello - Cochecton - Pennsylvania state line NY 17K, NY 17, NY 17B, Newburgh Turnpike Yes
Flushing and Newtown Turnpike March 21, 1801, c. 57[9] 5 miles (8.0 km) Flushing - Newtown NY 25A, 37th Street, Elmhurst Avenue[10] Yes
Chenango Turnpike March 30, 1801, c. 92[9] 65 miles (105 km) Wattle's Ferry - Oxford

Norwich - Sherburne

Hamilton - Sangerfield - Paris - Whitestown

NY 7, Otsego CR 1, Chenango CR 35, NY 12, NY 12B, Madison CR 83, US 20, NY 12 Yes Portion of the road near Sangerfield abandoned a few years after construction; later known as Oxford and Chenango Turnpike[11]
Oneida Turnpike March 31, 1801, c. 94[9] 25 miles (40 km) Vernon - Peterboro - Cazenovia Peterboro Road, Cody Road Yes[12]
Union Turnpike April 3, 1801, c. 118[9] 30 miles (48 km) Hudson - New Lebanon NY 66, NY 295, New Concord Road, Frisbee Street, Columbia CR 5, Old Hudson Turnpike, Columbia CR 30, NY 22 Yes[13]
Stephentown Turnpike April 3, 1801, c. 119[9] 10 miles (16 km) Stephentown - Rensselaer and Columbia Turnpike Rensselaer CR 26 Yes Decomissioned Nov 12, 1816, c. 11
New-Windsor and Blooming-Grove Turnpike April 3, 1801, c. 120[9] 10 miles (16 km) New Windsor - Blooming Grove NY 94 Yes
Second Great Western Turnpike April 4, 1801, c. 150[9] 45 miles (72 km) Cherry Valley - Cooperstown - Sherburne NY 166, Otsego CR 33, NY 80 Yes
Quaker Hill Turnpike March 30, 1802, c. 66[7] 10 miles (16 km) New Fairfield, Connecticut - Beekman No
Troy and Schenectady Turnpike April 2, 1802, c. 95[7] 15 miles (24 km) Troy - Schenectady NY 7 Yes
Hudson Branch Turnpike April 2, 1802, c. 96[7] 10 miles (16 km) Hudson - Livingston (including later Taghkanic) US 9, NY 82 Yes Road made public 1827
Ulster and Delaware Turnpike April 2, 1802, c. 98[7] 110 miles (180 km) Connecticut state line - Millerton - Pine Plains - Rhinebeck - Kingston - Delhi - Walton - Bainbridge Beilke Road, NY 199, Salisbury Turnpike, NY 308, NY 28, NY 10, NY 206 Yes Connected to Salisbury and Canaan Turnpike at east end
Dutchess Turnpike Main Road April 2, 1802, c. 111[7] 35 miles (56 km) Poughkeepsie - Pleasant Valley - Millbrook - Amenia - Connecticut state line US 44, NY 343 Yes Connected to Goshen and Sharon Turnpike at east end
Branch 7 miles (11 km) Millbrook - Dover Plains NY 343 Yes
Schoharie Turnpike Full Road (1802-1807) April 5, 1802, c. 113[7] 60 miles (97 km) Athens - Freehold - Oak Hill - Middleburgh Schoharie Turnpike, NY 145, NY 30 Yes Split into the Eastern Branch and Western Branch on March 13, 1807
Eastern Branch

(post-1807)

March 13, 1807, c. 30[14] 30 miles (48 km) Athens - Freehold - Livingstonville Schoharie Turnpike, NY 145 Yes
Western Branch

(post-1807)

March 13, 1807 35 miles (56 km) Livingstonville - Oak Hill - Middleburgh NY 145, NY 30 Yes
Canandaigua and Bath Turnpike April 2, 1803, c. 77[15] 35 miles (56 km) Canandaigua - Gorham - Middlesex - Bath NY 364, NY 245, NY 21, NY 371, NY 415 Yes
Third Great Western Turnpike April 4, 1803, c. 84[15] 90 miles (140 km) Manlius - Cherry Valley NY 92, US 20 Yes
Ancram Turnpike April 2, 1803, c. 26[15] 90 miles Livingston - Salisbury, CT State Line Road, Dutchess CR 60, CR 8, NY 82, US 9, Church Road, Greendale Road[16] Yes Created from the Susquehanna Turnpike east of the Delaware River
Highland Turnpike March 24, 1804, c. 32[15] 110 miles (180 km) Mount Pleasant - Peekskill - Fishkill US 9 No Repealed April 2, 1806 in the act that created the second Highland Turnpike
Susquehannah and Bath Turnpike April 7, 1804, c. 71[15] 100 miles (160 km) Jericho - Ithaca - Watkins Glen - Bath NY 206, NY 79, Schuyler CR 23, Steuben CR 114, Steuben CR 87, NY 54 Yes
Albany and Bethlehem Turnpike April 9, 1804, c. 11[15] 5 miles (8.0 km) Albany - Glenmont NY 32, NY 144 Yes
Fall-hill Turnpike April 9, 1804, c. 97[15] 15 miles (24 km) Minden - German Flatts NY 5S Yes Also built a bridge over the Mohawk River at Little Falls; turned over to Hermiker County 1823
Chatham Turnpike Main Road April 10, 1804, c. 106[15] 10 miles (16 km) Malden Bridge - Old Chatham - East Chatham Albany Turnpike
East Branch East Chatham - Chatham-Canaan Line Columbia CR 9
West Branch East Chatham - New Concord Albany Turnpike
Coxsackie Turnpike March 2, 1805, c. 76[17] 25 miles (40 km) Climax - Coxsackie Landing - Catskill NY 81, NY 385
Albany and Delaware Turnpike March 2, 1805, c. 26[17] 75 miles (121 km) Albany - Rensselaerville - Bristol - North Blenheim - Otego Delaware Avenue, Delaware Turnpike, Albany CR 353, Schoharie CR 19A, Schoharie CR 19, Campbell Road, Kniskern Road, Dave Brown Mountain Road, Schoharie CR 2, Schoharie CR 2A, Delaware CR 29, NY 23, Otsego CR 48
Little Delaware Turnpike March 16, 1805, c. 36[17] 60 miles (97 km) Catskill - Palenville - Tannersville - Prattsville NY 23A, NY 23, NY 30, Lower Meeker Hollow Road, Crescent Valley Road, Delaware CR 6, NY 28 Intended to reach Delhi, but the company folded before the road could be built[18]
Lake Erie Turnpike March 28, 1805, c. 57[17] 60 miles (97 km) Bath - Hornell - Angelica - Jamestown - Lake Erie Steuben CR 10, Turnpike Road, NY 21, Turnpike Road, Karr Valley Road, Main Street, Old State Road, Allegeny CR 41
Fourth Great Western Turnpike March 28, 1805, c. 56[17] 30 miles (48 km) Sherburne - Fabius NY 80
Hillsdale and Chatham Turnpike April 2, 1805, c. 64[17] 20 miles (32 km) Massachusetts Line in Hillsdale - Albany NY 71, Dugway Road, NY 203, NY 66, Columbia CR 17, Bunker Hill Road, US 20
Cayuga Turnpike April 2, 1805, c. 68[17] 120 miles (190 km) Burlington - New Berlin - Norwich - Homer - Cayuga Bridge NY 80, Chenango CR 29, NY 320
Ontario and Genesee Turnpike April 2, 1805, c. 69[17] 90 miles (140 km) Canandaigua - Bloomfield - Le Roy - Batavia - Black Rock NY 5
Onondaga Salt Spring Turnpike April 4, 1805, c. 73[17] 55 miles (89 km) Oxford - Norwich - Syracuse
Great Northern Turnpike April 4, 1805, c. 76[17] 130 miles (210 km) Kingsbury - Canada Line
Delaware Road April 6, 1805, c. 85[17] 50 miles (80 km) Grand Gorge - Delhi - Walton NY 23 - NY 10
Newburgh and Chenango Turnpike April 6, 1805, c. 89[17] 80 miles (130 km) Oxford - Jericho - Cochecton
Neversink Turnpike April 6, 1805, c. 89[17] 80 miles (130 km) Chenango Point - Old Mine Road
Popacton Turnpike April 6, 1805, c. 89[17] 90 miles (140 km) Kingston - Hurley - Walton
Plattsburgh and Chateauguay Turnpike April 8, 1805, c. 92[17] 40 miles (64 km) Plattsburgh - Chautauqua
Utica Turnpike April 10, 1805, c. 125[17] 30 miles (48 km) Deerfield - Trenton - Steuben NY 12[19] Opened in part on Dec 23, 1811, and fully opened 1815. Road sold off in 1848.[19]
Rome Turnpike April 10, 1805, c. 125[17] 20 miles (32 km) Rome - Oneida Castle NY 365
Brooklyn and Newtown Turnpike By 1805 4.8 miles (7.7 km) Fort Greene - Maspeth Flushing Avenue[20]
Greenfield Turnpike March 14, 1806, c. 49[17] 35 miles (56 km) Rensselaerville - Greenfield NY 32, Albany CR 405, Albany CR 402, Albany CR 351
Farmers' Turnpike March 14, 1806, c. 50[17] 35 miles (56 km) Troy - Bath - Greenbush - Papsknee - Castleton - Schodac - Kinderhook Landing - Hudson Not to be confused with the second Farmers' Turnpike incorporated in 1808
Waterford and Whitehall Turnpike March 28, 1806, c. 87[17] 60 miles (97 km) Waterford - Stillwater - Sandy Hill - Fort Ann - Whitehall - West Haven, VT US 4
Newburgh and New-Windsor Turnpike April 2, 1806, c. 91[17] 5 miles (8.0 km) Newburgh - New Windsor River Road
Schenectady and Ballstown Turnpike April 2, 1806, c. 97[17] 5 miles (8.0 km) Schenectady - Ballston Line
Unadilla Turnpike April 2, 1806, c. 98[17] 40 miles (64 km) Otego - Chenango Point NY 7
Jamaica and Rockaway Turnpike April 2, 1806, c. 103[17] 15 miles (24 km) Lawrence - Jamaica Rockaway Turnpike, Rockaway Boulevard, Stuphin Boulevard
Canajoharie and Charleston Turnpike April 2, 1806, c. 111[17] 20 miles (32 km) Canajoharie - Duanesburgh
Hamilton and Skaneateles Turnpike April 2, 1806, c. 112[17] 70 miles (110 km) Richfield Springs - Skaneateles
Highland Turnpike April 2, 1806, c. 119[17] 20 miles (32 km) Kingsbridge - Poughkeepsie - Rhinebeck - Clermont - Hudson US 9
New-Baltimore and Rensselaerville Turnpike April 2, 1806, c. 123[17] 20 miles (32 km) New Baltimore - Rensselaerville New Baltimore Road, Aquetuck Road, NY 143
Mohawk Bridge and Ballstown Turnpike April 2, 1806, c. 113[17] 20 miles (32 km) Niskayuna - Burnt Hills Balltown Road, Blue Barns Road
Waterford Turnpike April 4, 1806, c. 145[17] 40 miles (64 km) Waterford - Halfmoon - Clifton Park - Jonesville Middletown Road, Guideboard Road, Plant Road, Plank Road, Kinns Road, Carlton Road, Main Street
Mexico Turnpike April 4, 1806, c. 154[17] 50 miles (80 km) Mexico Point - Rotterdam - Cleveland - Camden - Rome
Middleburgh and Rensselaerville Turnpike April 4, 1806, c. 155[17] 15 miles (24 km) Middleburgh - Rensselaerville
Albany and Greene Turnpike April 7, 1806, c. 164[17] 35 miles (56 km) Glenmont - Coeymans Landing - Athens - Catskill NY 144
Essex Turnpike April 3, 1807, c. 101[21] Grog Harbour - Willsborough - Great Northern Turnpike Albee Road, Lakeshore Road, NY 22
Owego and Ithaca Turnpike April 6, 1807, c. 153[21] Owego - Ithaca NY 96, NY 96B
Otsego and Broome Turnpike April 6, 1807, c. 159[21] Otego - Jericho and Bath Turnpike Yes[22]
Salina and Chenango Turnpike April 6, 1807, c. 160[21] Salina Village - Onondaga Hollow - Tully - Homer - Virgil - Cincinnatus - Lisle - Chenango Point US 11
Lake George Turnpike April 6, 1807, c. 163[21] Fort Ann - Ticonderoga - Elizabethtown north line
Croton Turnpike April 6, 1807, c. 167[21] ? - Stephentown Not to be confused with the second Croton Turnpike
Saugerties and Woodstock Turnpike April 7, 1807, c. 172[21] Saugerties - Little Shandaken - Ulster and Delaware Turnpike
New Paltz Turnpike April 7, 1807, c. 175[21] New Paltz Landing - New Paltz - Southwest Turnpike NY 299
  • The final alignment wasn't stated in its first charter, but rather was set in an 1820 amendment
  • First attempt seems to have failed; revived March 26, 1819
Rensselaerville and Durham Turnpike March 4, 1808, c. 31[23] Durham - Rensselaerville - Albany and Delaware Turnpike
Great Bend and Bath Turnpike March 11, 1808, c. 41[23] Cochecton and Great Bend Turnpike - Chenango Point - Owego - Newtown - Bath US 11, NY 17C, Chemung CR 60, NY 352, NY 415 Yes[24]
Farmer's Turnpike March 11, 1808, c. 46[23] Gardiner - Highland US 44, NY 55
Claverack and Hillsdale Turnpike March 18, 1808, c. 56[23]
Canaan and Union Village Turnpike March 25, 1808
Bowman's Creek Turnpike March 25, 1808
Traveller's Turnpike March 25, 1808
Schoharie and Duanesburgh Turnpike March 25, 1808
Bristol and Rensselaerville Turnpike March 25, 1808
Stamford Turnpike April 1, 1808
Windham Turnpike April 1, 1808
Catskill Ferry Turnpike April 1, 1808
Beekman and Pawling's Turnpike April 1, 1808
Military Turnpike April 6, 1808
Middletown Turnpike April 6, 1808
Oneida and Jefferson Turnpike April 8, 1808
Norwich and Preston Turnpike April 8, 1808
Aurora Turnpike April 8, 1808
Green River Turnpike April 11, 1808
Pine Plains Turnpike April 11, 1808
Jerico and Norwich Turnpike April 11, 1808
Sherburne and Lebanon Salt Spring Turnpike April 11, 1808
Cook-house and Jerico Turnpike April 11, 1808
Ulster and Orange Branch Turnpike April 11, 1808
Cortlandt Turnpike February 10, 1809
Minisink and Montgomery Turnpike February 17, 1809 Minisink - Middletown - Montgomery NY 211
Woodstock Branch Turnpike February 17, 1809
Mountain Turnpike March 17, 1809
Charlotte River Turnpike March 17, 1809
Windham and Durham Turnpike March 17, 1809
Brooklyn, Jamaica and Flatbush Turnpike March 17, 1809
Athens Turnpike March 24, 1809
Utica and Minden Turnpike March 24, 1809
Rockland Turnpike March 27, 1809
Dunderbergh and Clove Turnpike March 27, 1809
Goshen and Minisink Turnpike March 27, 1809
Eastern Union Turnpike March 28, 1809
New-Windsor and Cornwall Turnpike March 30, 1809
Owego Turnpike March 30, 1809
Angelica and Allegany Turnpike February 8, 1810
Middle Patent Turnpike February 17, 1810
Bedford Turnpike February 17, 1810
Warwick and Minisink Turnpike March 2, 1810
Ulster and Delaware First Branch Turnpike March 9, 1810 25 miles (40 km)
Westchester and Dutchess Turnpike March 9, 1810
Durham and Broome Turnpike March 23, 1810
Walton and Franklin Turnpike March 23, 1810
Paris and Bridgewater Turnpike March 23, 1810
Newburgh and Sullivan Turnpike March 30, 1810
Little Falls and Fairfield Turnpike March 30, 1810
Whitehall and Granville Turnpike April 2, 1810
Cambridge Branch Turnpike April 2, 1810
Newburgh and Plattekill Turnpike April 5, 1810
Mohawk and Black River Turnpike April 5, 1810
Bath and Geneva Turnpike April 5, 1810
Hadley and Luzerne Turnpike April 6, 1810
Plattekill and Marlborough Turnpike February 16, 1811
Southern Westchester Turnpike March 22, 1811
Washington and Saratoga Turnpike March 30, 1811
Black River Turnpike March 30, 1811
Croton Turnpike April 8, 1811
Portage Turnpike April 8, 1811
Spencer and Seneca Turnpike April 8, 1811
Madison County Turnpike April 8, 1811
Lebanon Turnpike April 8, 1811
Great Bend and Union Turnpike April 8, 1811
Balltown and Saratoga Spring Turnpike April 8, 1811
Lewis Turnpike April 8, 1811
Narrowsburgh and Sullivan Turnpike April 9, 1811
Manlius and Truxton Turnpike April 9, 1811
Deruyter and Eaton Turnpike April 9, 1811
Bethel Branch Turnpike April 9, 1811
Bridgewater and Litchfield Branch Turnpike April 9, 1811
Canandaigua, Palmyra and Pultneyville Turnpike April 9, 1811
Tioga Turnpike April 9, 1811
Sacondaga Turnpike June 15, 1812
Williamsburgh Turnpike March 11, 1814
Montezuma Turnpike March 31, 1815
Ithica and Hamburgh Turnpike April 12, 1816
Niagara and Chautauque Turnpike February 28, 1817
Buffalo and Manchester Turnpike April 10, 1818
Oxford Turnpike April 20, 1818
Niagara, Cattaraugus and Chautauque Turnpike April 12, 1819
Graves End and Coney Island Bridge March 22, 1823
Hector and Catharine Turnpike April 15, 1823
Greene and Delaware Turnpike April 10, 1828 Middletown - Hunter NY 28, NY 42, NY 23A
Woodbourne and Ellenville Turnpike April 17, 1830 Ellenville - Woodbourne - Liberty NY 52
Sag Harbor and Bull’s Head Turnpike March 29, 1837 Bridgehampton - Sag Harbor CR 79
Sag Harbor Turnpike 1840 East Hampton - Sag Harbor NY 114
Albany, Rensselaerville, and Schoharie Plank Road 1850 Albany - Gallupville NY 85
Newburgh and Ellenville Plank Road March 24, 1850 Ellenville - Newburgh NY 52

References

  1. "Turnpike Corporations in New York State". www.cayugagenealogy.org. Retrieved 2020-05-29.
  2. New York (State )., Benjamin Franklin Butler (1829). The Revised Statutes of the State of New-York: Passed During 1827, and 1828: to which are Added ... Oxford University. Printed by Packard and Van Benthuysen. pp. 587–624.
  3. DeWitt, Benjamin (1807). "A Sketch of Turnpikes in the State of New York". Transactions of the Promotion of the Useful Arts, New York. 2. pp. 190–204.
  4. "New York. - David Rumsey Historical Map Collection". www.davidrumsey.com. Retrieved 2020-05-06.
  5. "New York. - David Rumsey Historical Map Collection". www.davidrumsey.com. Retrieved 2020-05-06.
  6. New York (State) (1886–87). Laws of the state of New York passed at the sessions of the Legislature held in the years 1777 [to 1801] ... 4. Albany, N.Y.: Weed, Parsons and company.CS1 maint: date format (link)
  7. New York (State) Laws, statutes; Kent, James; Radcliff, Jacob (1802). Laws of the state of New-York. University of Michigan. Albany: Printed by Charles R. and George Webster.
  8. Ruttenber, Edward Manning; Clark, Lewis H. (1881-01-01). History of Orange County, New York. Dalcassian Publishing Company.
  9. New York (State) (1886–87). Laws of the state of New York passed at the sessions of the Legislature held in the years 1777 [to 1801] ... 5. Albany, N.Y.: Weed, Parsons and company.CS1 maint: date format (link)
  10. "Map of Kings and part of Queens counties, Long Island N.Y." Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. Retrieved 2020-05-09.
  11. Transactions of the Oneida Historical Society at Utica.
  12. Decisions of the Superintendent of Common Schools of the State of New York. Dennis. 1837.
  13. Eaton, Amos; Rensselaer, Stephen Van (1824). A Geological and Agricultural Survey of the District Adjoining the Erie Canal in the State of New York: Taken Under the Direction of the Hon. Stephen Van Rensselaer. Part I. Containing a Description of the Rock Formations; Together with a Geological Profile, Extending from the Atlantic to Lake Erie. Packard & Van Benthuysen.
  14. York (State), New (1809). Laws of the State of New York.
  15. York (State), New (1804). Laws of the State of New York. s.n.
  16. Huntting, Isaac (1897). History of Little Nine Partners: Of North East Precinct, and Pine Plains, New York, Duchess [!] County. Charles Walsh & Company, printers.
  17. York (State), New (1806). Laws of the State of New York.
  18. Myers, Kenneth (1987). The Catskills: Painters, Writers, and Tourists in the Mountains, 1820-1895. Hudson River Museum. p. 29. ISBN 978-0-943651-05-7.
  19. JACKSON, HARRY F. (1959). "THE UTICA TURNPIKE ROAD COMPANY". New York History. 40 (1): 18–32. ISSN 0146-437X.
  20. Walsh, Kevin (2004-04-23). "FLUSHING AVENUE, Brooklyn-Queens". Forgotten New York. Retrieved 2020-05-09.
  21. York (State), New (1809). Laws of the State of New York.
  22. Lawyer, William Summer (1900). Binghamton, Its Settlement, Growth and Development: And the Factors in Its History, 1800-1900. Century Memorial Publishing Company.
  23. "Laws of the State of New York passed at the sessions of the Legislature. 1808v.2 1808". HathiTrust. Retrieved 2020-06-08.
  24. "Read the eBook Binghamton : its settlement, growth and development, and the factors in its history, 1800-1900 by William Summer Lawyer online for free (page 27 of 112)". www.ebooksread.com. Retrieved 2020-06-22.
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