List of state leaders in 1709
Africa
- Ashanti Confederacy – Osei Kofi Tutu I, Asantehene (1701–1717)
- Kingdom of Dahomey – Agaja (1708–1732)
- Ennarea –
- Ethiopian Empire – Tewoflos (1708–1711)
- Kingdom of Kaffa – Gali Ginocho (1675–1710)
- Kingdom of Kongo – João II (1693–1709)
- Ankole – Ntare IV, Omugabe, (c.1699–c.1727)
- Kingdom of Nri – Eze Nri Ezimilo (1701–1723)
Asia
- Akkalkot State – Fatehsinh I Raje Bhonsle, ruled 1707–1760
- Aundh State – Parusharam Trimbak, Raja (1697–1718)
- Ayutthaya Kingdom (Siam) –
- Suriyenthrathibodi (1703–1709)
- Thai Sa (1709–1733)
- Banganapalle State – Faiz Ali Khan, Nawab of Banganapalle (1689–1759)
- Bundi State – Rao Raja Budh Singh, Raja (1696–1735)
- Kingdom of Cochin – Rama Varma V (1701–1721)
- China (Qing dynasty) – Kangxi Emperor (1662–1722)
- Empire of Japan
- Monarch –
- Emperor Higashiyama (1687–1709)
- Emperor Nakamikado (1709–1735)
- Tokugawa shogunate –
- Tokugawa Tsunayoshi (1680–1709)
- Tokugawa Ienobu (1709–1712)
- Ryukyu Kingdom – Shō Tei (1669–1709)
- Monarch –
- Khanate of Kokand – Shahrukh Biy (1709–1721)
- Kolhapur State – Shivaji II, Maharaja (1700–1714)
- Joseon (Korea) – Sukjong (1674–1720)
Europe
- Kingdom of Denmark–Norway –
- Monarch – Frederick IV (1699–1730)
- Grand Chancellor – Christian Christophersen Sehested (1708–1721)
- Kingdom of France – Louis XIV (1643–1715)
- Kingdom of Great Britain – Anne (1702–1714)
- Holy Roman Empire – Joseph I (1705–1711)
- Electors
- Electorate of Bavaria – Maximilian II Emanuel (1679–1726)
- Kingdom of Bohemia –
- Electorate of Brandenburg – Frederick I of Prussia, (as Frederick III, Elector of Brandenburg), (1688–1713)
- Electorate of Cologne –
- Electorate of Hanover – George I of Great Britain, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Elector of the Holy Roman Empire (1708–1727)
- Electorate of Mainz –
- Electorate of Saxony –
- Electorate of Trier –
- Princes
- Principality of Anhalt-Bernburg –
- Principality of Anhalt-Dessau – Leopold I (1693–1747)
- Principality of Anhalt-Köthen –
- Principality of Anhalt-Zerbst –
- Duchy of Arenberg – Leopold (1691–1754)
- Principality of Auersperg –
- Prince-Bishopric of Augsburg –
- Austria –
- Margraviate of Baden-Baden – Ludwig Georg Simpert (1707–1761)
- Margraviate of Baden-Durlach –
- Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg –
- Prince-Provostry of Berchtesgaden –
- Margraviate of Brandenburg-Ansbach –
- Margraviate of Brandenburg-Bayreuth –
- Duchy of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel –
- Prince-Bishopric of Constance –
- Imperial Abbey of Corvey –
- Prince-Bishopric of Eichstätt –
- Prince-Provostry of Ellwangen –
- Prince-Bishopric of Freising –
- Imperial Abbey of Fulda –
- County of Fürstenberg-Fürstenberg – Joseph Wilhelm Ernst (1704–1716)
- Monastic State of the Knights Hospitaller, Heitersheim –
- Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt –
- Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel –
- Prince-Bishopric of Hildesheim –
- Hohenzollern-Hechingen –
- Duchy of Holstein-Glückstadt –
- Duchy of Holstein-Gottorp –
- Imperial Ducal Abbey of Kempten –
- Prince-Bishopric of Lübeck –
- Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin –
- Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz – Adolf Friedrich III (1708–1752)
- Mergentheim –
- Prince-Bishopric of Münster –
- Principality of Orange-Nassau –
- Duchy of Oldenburg –
- Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück –
- Prince-Bishopric of Paderborn –
- Electorate of the Palatinate –
- Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Zweibrücken –
- Palatinate-Sulzbach –
- Prince-Bishopric of Passau –
- Bishopric of Regensburg –
- County of Salm-Salm –
- Duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld –
- Duchy of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg –
- Duchy of Saxe-Hildburghausen –
- Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen – Anton Ulrich (1706–1763)
- Duchy of Saxe-Weimar –
- Principality of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt –
- Principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen –
- Prince-Bishopric of Speyer –
- Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg – Armand Gaston Maximilien de Rohan (1704–1749)
- Prince-Bishopric of Worms –
- Duchy of Württemberg –
- Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg –
- Counts and Prelates
- Principality of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym –
- Bentheim-Bentheim –
- Bentheim-Steinfurt –
- Essen Abbey –
- Gandersheim Abbey –
- Gutenzell Abbey –
- Herford Abbey –
- Landgraviate of Hesse-Homburg –
- Hohenlohe-Bartenstein –
- Hohenlohe-Langenburg –
- Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen –
- County of Hohenlohe-Öhringen – Johann Friedrich II (1702–1764)
- County of Hohenlohe-Weikersheim – Carl Ludwig (1702–1756)
- Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst –
- Principality of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen –
- Duchy of Hoogstraten –
- County of Isenburg – Ernst Kasimir (1708–1749)
- Principality of Isenburg-Birstein –
- Isenburg-Meerholz –
- County of Isenburg-Wächtersbach – Ferdinand Maximilian II (1703–1755)
- Imperial Abbey of Kaisersheim –
- Käppel –
- County of Leiningen-Dachsburg-Falkenburg-Billigheim – Johann Franz (1699–1750)
- County of Leiningen-Dachsburg-Falkenburg-Heidesheim – Christian Karl Reinhard (1698–1766)
- Leiningen-Dachsburg-Hartenburg –
- Leiningen-Emichsburg –
- Lindau Abbey –
- Lippe-Alverdissen –
- Lippe-Biesterfeld –
- Lippe-Detmold –
- Lippe-Weissenfeld –
- Nassau-Saarbrücken –
- Principality of Nassau-Usingen –
- Principality of Nassau-Weilburg –
- Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Gelnhausen –
- Quedlinburg Abbey –
- Reuss-Ebersdorf –
- Reuss-Gera –
- Reuss-Lobenstein –
- Reuss-Obergreiz –
- Reuss-Schleiz –
- Reuss-Untergreiz –
- Salm-Dhaun –
- Salm-Dyck –
- Salm-Grumbach –
- Salm-Leuze –
- Salm-Reifferscheid –
- Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg –
- Sayn-Wittgenstein-Hohenstein –
- Schaumburg-Lippe –
- Stolberg-Rossla –
- Stolberg-Stolberg –
- Stolberg-Wernigerode –
- Principality of Waldeck-Pyrmont –
- Weingarten Abbey –
- Westerburg-Leiningen-Neu-Leiningen (Bavaria Line) –
- Westerburg-Leiningen-Neu-Leiningen (Nassau Line) –
- Wied –
- Ottoman (Turkish) Empire
- Sultan – Ahmed III (1703–1730)
- Grand Vizier – Çorlulu Ali Pasha (1706–1710)
- Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth – Augustus II, King of Poland (1709–1733)
- Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves – John V (1706–1750)
- Kingdom of Prussia – Frederick I (1701–1713)
- Tsardom of Russia – Peter I (1682–1725)
- Kingdom of Spain – Philip V (1700–1724, 1724–1746)
- Kingdom of Sweden –
- Monarch – Charles XII (1697–1718)
- Prime Minister – Nils Gyldenstolpe, President of the Privy Council Chancellery (1705 – 22 February 1709)
- Prime Minister – Vacant, President of the Privy Council Chancellery (22 February 1709 – 21 March 1710)
- Grand Duchy of Tuscany – Cosimo III de' Medici (1670–1723)
- United Provinces
- Estates of Friesland, Groningen, Guelders, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland (1581–1795)
- Grand Pensionary of Holland – Anthonie Heinsius (1689–1720)
Middle East and North Africa
- Sultanate of Morocco – Ismail (1684–1727)
gollark: Oh no. My expression simplifier no longer actually works.
gollark: MUAHAHAHAHA, my code compiles.
gollark: osmarkslisp™ just has `let` and `lambda`.
gollark: Real programmers use osmarkslisp™.
gollark: ```lisp (let (qsort xs cont) (cond ((= xs '()) (cont '())) (true (do (let h (head xs)) (let t (tail xs)) (let part_result (partition_rec t (lambda (x) (< x h)) '(() ()))) (qsort (head part_result) (lambda (ls) (qsort (snd part_result) (lambda (rs) (cont (+ ls (list h) rs)))))) )) ))```↑ provably optimal sorting algorithm
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