List of presidents of the National Rifle Association
The position of president of the National Rifle Association (NRA) is a symbolic figurehead role,[1][2] which dates back to the organization's foundation in New York on 17 November 1871.[3] Founded by George Wood Wingate and William Conant Church, two Union veterans dismayed by the lack of shooting skills among recruits,[4] the rifle association voted to have Union general Ambrose Burnside as its first president.[5] Church succeeded Burnside as the second president of the organization,[6] and Wingate would become the tenth in 1886.[7]
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Throughout its history, presidents have served purposes ranging from providing the NRA greater legitimacy[7][8] to provoking outrage and condemnation.[3][9] Since the 1990s, some NRA presidents have made controversial statements such as when James W. Porter II referred to Barack Obama as a "fake president" and when Charlton Heston proclaimed to gun control advocates that they could only have his firearm after taking it "from my cold, dead hands."[3][10]
While once elected at the annual convention,[11] as of 2019, NRA presidents are chosen by the board of directors.[1][12] They generally serve out two one-year terms.[13] While the position of president is unpaid due to the organization's bylaws,[14] during Oliver North's time in office he sought to make the position a paid one, but this initiative failed when he was ousted as president after a power struggle with vice president Wayne LaPierre.[15] Some former presidents have later been employed by the NRA[16] such as Marion Hammer, the association's first female president, who is the executive director of the group's Florida affiliate.[17][18] Since 1991, the executive vice president, who acts as the group's chief operating officer,[19] has been Wayne LaPierre, despite several internal challenges to his role.[19][20]
There have been 65 NRA presidents, serving 67 distinct terms. Those who have held the position include former United States president Ulysses S. Grant, Harlon Carter, American Football League commissioner Joe Foss, and David Keene. The president as of 2020 is Carolyn D. Meadows.
Presidents of the National Rifle Association
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No. | Name | Tenure | Background | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Ambrose Burnside | 1871–1872 | Union general | [5] |
2 | William Conant Church | 1872–1875 | Journalist | [21][22] |
3 | Alexander Shaler | 1875–1877 | Union general | [23][24] |
4 | N. P. Stanton | 1877–1880 | Judge | [24][25][26] |
5 | Henry A. Gildersleeve | 1880 | Judge | [26][27] |
6 | Winfield S. Hancock | 1880–1881 | Democratic presidential nominee in 1880 | [28][29][30] |
7 | E. L. Molineux | 1882 | Union soldier | [27] |
8 | Ulysses S. Grant | 1883–1884 | 18th President of the United States | [27] |
9 | Philip Sheridan | 1885 | Union general | [27] |
10 | George Wood Wingate | 1886–1900 | Union soldier | [7][8] |
11 | Bird W. Spencer | 1900–1907 | Brigadier general | [8][31] |
12 | James Drain | 1907–1916 | Washington Adjutant General | [31][32] |
13 | William Libbey | 1916–1921 | Sports shooter | [33][34] |
14 | Smith W. Brookhart | 1921–1925 | U.S. Senator from Iowa | [35][36] |
15 | Francis E. Warren | 1925[lower-alpha 1] | U.S. Senator from Wyoming | [38][37] |
16 | Smith W. Brookhart | 1925–1926 | U.S. Senator from Iowa | [39][40] |
17 | Fred M. Waterbury | 1926–1927 | Lieutenant colonel | [41] |
18 | L. M. Rumsey Jr. | 1928 | Lieutenant colonel | [42][43] |
19 | Patrick J. Hurley | 1929 | Assistant Secretary of War | [44] |
20 | Benedict Crowell | 1930–1931 | Brigadier general | [45] |
21 | G. A. Fraser | 1932 | Brigadier general | [45][46] |
22 | Karl T. Frederick | 1934 | Sports shooter | [47] |
23 | Ammon B. Critchfield | 1936 | Ohio Adjutant general | [45][48][49] |
24 | Gustavus D. Pope | 1937–1938 | Humanitarian | [45][50][51] |
25 | Littleton W. T. Waller Jr. | 1939 | Brigadier general | [45][52] |
26 | Nathaniel C. Nash | 1941 | Botanist | [45][53] |
27 | Hilliard Comstock | 1942–1943 | Judge | [45][54] |
28 | Thurman Randle | 1944–1946 | Lieutenant colonel | [45][55] |
29 | Francis W. Parker Jr. | 1946–1947 | Patent lawyer | [45][56] |
30 | Emmett Swanson | 1948–1949 | Sports shooter | [45][57] |
31 | Merritt A. Edson | 1949–1950 | Marine Corps general | [45][57] |
32 | Harry D. Linn | 1951–1952 | Businessman | [45][58] |
33 | J. Alvin Badeaux | 1953–1954 | Activist | [45][59][60] |
34 | Morton C. Mumma | 1955 | Rear admiral | [45][61] |
35 | George R. Whittington | 1957 | Attorney | [45][62] |
36 | Irvine C. Porter | 1959–1961 | Attorney | [45][63][64] |
37 | John M. Schooley | 1961–1963 | Sheriff of Denver | [45][65][66] |
38 | Bartlett Rummel | 1963–1964 | Judge | [45][67] |
39 | Harlon Carter | 1965–1967 | Activist | [45][68] |
40 | Harold W. Glassen | 1967–1968 | Sports shooter | [45][69] |
41 | Woodson D. Scott | 1969–1970 | Attorney | [70][71] |
42 | Fred M. Hakenjos | 1971 | Artist | [45][72] |
43 | C. R. Gutermuth | 1973–1974 | Conservationist | [45][73][74] |
44 | Merrill W. Wright | 1975 | Major general | [45][63] |
45 | Lloyd M. Mustin | 1977–1978 | Vice admiral | [11][75][76][77] |
46 | John B. Layton | 1979 | Washington, D.C. chief of police | [45][78] |
47 | Keith M. Gaffaney | 1981–1983 | Police officer | [45][79] |
48 | Howard W. Pollock | 1983–1985 | Alaskan Congressman | [45][80] |
49 | Alonzo H. Garcelon | 1985 | Dentist | [45][63][81] |
50 | James E. Reinke | 1985–1988 | Eastern Airlines Vice President | [81][82][83][84] |
51 | Joe Foss | 1988–1990 | 20th Governor of South Dakota | [45][85] |
52 | Richard D. Riley | 1990–1992 | Activist | [86][45][87] |
53 | Robert K. Corbin | 1992–1993 | Arizona Attorney General | [45][88] |
54 | Thomas L. Washington | 1994–1995 | Conservationist | [45][89] |
55 | Marion Hammer | 1995–1998 | Activist | [18][90][91] |
56 | Charlton Heston | 1998–2003 | Actor | [92] |
57 | Kayne Robinson | 2003–2005 | Des Moines chief of detectives | [93][94] |
58 | Sandra Froman | 2005–2007 | Attorney | [95] |
59 | John C. Sigler | 2007–2009 | Attorney | [96][97] |
60 | Ron Schmeits | 2009–2011 | Mayor of Jordan, Minnesota | [97][98] |
61 | David Keene | 2011–2013 | Activist | [99] |
62 | James W. Porter II | 2013–2015 | Activist[lower-alpha 2] | [64][100] |
63 | Allan D. Cors | 2015–2017 | Sports shooter | [101][102][103] |
64 | Pete Brownell | 2017–2018 | Businessman | [93][104] |
65 | Carolyn D. Meadows | 2018 | Activist | [105] |
66 | Oliver North | 2018–2019 | Political commentator | [106] |
67 | Carolyn D. Meadows | 2019– | Activist | [105] |
Notes
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