Linc Energy

Linc Energy was an Australian energy company specialized on a coal-based synthetic fuel production as also on a conventional oil and gas production. It was engaged in development and commercialization of proprietary underground coal gasification technology. Produced gas was used for production of synthetic fuel through gas-to-liquid technology, and has been planned also to be used for power generation. The company had its headquarters in Brisbane, Queensland.

Linc Energy Ltd.
Publicly listed company
Traded asASX: LNC
ISINAU000000LNC9 
IndustryOil and gas
Coal
FoundedOctober 29, 1996 (1996-10-29)
Headquarters
Brisbane, Queensland
,
Australia
Key people
Peter Bond (Executive Chairman)
Craig Ricato (CEO)
Productssynthetic gas
synthetic fuel
electric power
RevenueA$124,370,000 A$124,370,000 (2013)
A$64,989,000(2013)
Total assetsA$1,068,491 (2013)
Total equityA$444,847,000 (2013)
OwnerPeter Bond (Newtron Pty Limited)
Genting Strategic Investments (Singapore) Pte Ltd
minor shareholders
Number of employees
360
SubsidiariesSPC Yerostigaz
SAPEX Limited
New Emerald Coal
Websitelincenergy.com

In April 2016 the company was placed into voluntary administration. At the second creditors meeting in May 2016 the unanimous vote was for the company to be liquidated.

History

Linc Energy was incorporated on 29 October 1996 as Linc Energy N.L. On 17 November 2000, it changed its name to Linc Energy Ltd.[1] It listed on the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) on 10 May 2006 and on the OTCQX in New York in December 2007. On 19 December 2013, Linc Energy delisted from the ASX and listed on the Mainboard of the Singapore Exchange.

Linc started its Chinchilla Demonstration Facility in July 1999. First gas was produced in that very same year. Initially Linc Energy used the underground coal gasification technology worked out by Ergo Exergy Technologies, Inc, of Canada. However, in 2006 the cooperation with Ergo Exergy was terminated and the cooperation agreement for technology usage, consultation and engineering services was signed with the Skochinsky Institute of Mining and the Scientific-Technical Mining Association of Russia.[2]

In 2005, Linc signed a memorandum with Syntroleum granting a licence to use the Syntroleum's proprietary gas-to-liquid technology and started to build a GTL pilot plant in November 2007 at the Chinchilla facility. The plant was commissioned in August 2008. The first synthetic crude was produced in October 2008.[3]

In November 2007, Linc Energy, in cooperation with BioCleanCoal Pty Ltd, established a joint venture to develop a prototype bioreactor for converting carbon dioxide through a photosynthesis into oxygen and solid biomass.

On 20 December 2007, Linc Energy acquired a 60% stake and later increased it to 91.6% in Uzbekistan's underground coal gasification company SPC Yerostigaz.[4] On 15 October 2008, a South Australian oil and gas company SAPEX Limited was merged with Linc Energy. This acquisition provided Linc Energy with tenements in the Arckaringa, St Vincent and Walloway basins.[5]

In 2009, Linc Energy purchased from GasTech IncNorth American coal tenements in Montana (Powder River Basin), Wyoming, and North Dakota.[6] In 2010, Linc Energy acquired tenements in the Cook Inlet Basin in Alaska from GeoPetro Alaska. At the same year, it sold non-core Emerald, Galilee and Pentland coal mining tenements in Queensland to Adani Mining Pty Ltd, a subsidiary of Adani Group.[7][8]

In October 2010, Linc Energy acquires 10% stake in the UK-based alkaline fuel cell company AFC Energy and in 2011, it increased its stake up to 12%.[9] In the cooperation with AFC Energy and B9 Coal, the company commissioned a hydrogen fuel cell named Alfa System at Chinchilla. Combining the fuel cell technology with the underground coal gasification allows usage of hydrogen, produced by the underground coal gasification process, as a feedstock for the fuel cell.[10]

In 2011, it acquired three producing oil fields from Rancher Energy, 14 oil fields from ERG Resources, and purchased Renaissance LLC to take control in the Umiat oil field. In April 2012, Linc Energy partnered with a subsidiary of Hong Kong listed Golden Concord Holdings (GCL) to commercialise fuel using its UGC to GTC technology in China. Golden Concord purchased a 5% stake in the company for 120 million Australian dollars (US$124 million).[11]

On 23 January 2013, Linc Energy announced the discovery of tight oil resource surrounding Coober Pedy estimated at between 3.5 and 223 billion barrels (560×10^6 and 35,450×10^6 m3) of oil.[12] At the same year, their subsidiary New Emerald Coal bought the Blair Athol coal mine.[13]

In July 2014, the company announced that it had gained initial approval from the Ministry of Environment of Poland to commence an underground coal gasification project and that the company has been awarded its third coal exploration license in Poland.[14] Also in July 2014, Linc Energy announced plans to commence drilling wells to prove up deeper parts of the Arckaringa Basin.[15]

On 16 April 2016 the company was placed into voluntary administration with some claims in the media this has been done to avoid fines from the Queensland Government.[16] PPB Advisory has been appointed as the administrator.[17] On 13 May 2016 the administrators announced that in their opinion the company should be liquidated.[18] At the second creditors meeting on 23 May 2016 the unanimous vote was for the company to be liquidated.[19]

Operations

Linc Energy had business interests in Australia, North America, the United Kingdom, Poland, South Africa, China, Vietnam and Uzbekistan. In addition to the underground coal gasification, the company was active in traditional coal mining and oil and gas exploration and production.

The company owned and operated the Chinchilla Demonstration Facility 300 kilometres (190 mi) west of Brisbane, which was the world's first gas-to-liquid plant operating on synthesis gas produced by underground coal gasification.[3][20] The facility hosted five underground coal gas generators, a GTL pilot plant, a laboratory, and a wastewater treatment plant.[21]

Linc Energy also planned to build a 20,000 barrels per day (3,200 m3/d) gas-to-liquid plant on the Arckaringa Basin in South Australia.[22] The plant was to be designed by Aker Solutions and it was to be fed by synthesis gas produced by underground coal gasification.[23] BP had an option to buy 70% of the produced diesel fuel.[24]

In the Yining mining area in China, Linc Energy planned to develop a coal gasification project in cooperation with Xinwen Mining Group.[25] Together with Vinacomin, Song Hong Energy and Marubeni, Linc prepared the Red River Delta UCG (UCG Tonkin) project in Hung Yen, Vietnam.[3]

Linc Energy cooperated with UK Coal in the UK and Exxaro in South Africa. It had a coal exploration lease in the Upper Silesia Coal Basin, Poland. In December 2012, it started cooperation with Ukrainian energy company DTEK to evaluate potential of the underground coal gasification on the DTEK's local coal resources.[26]

Linc Energy located had a subsidiary in Angren, Uzbekistan called Yerostigaz. Yerostigaz was established in 1961 and operated in the field of underground coal gasification. It produced about one million cubic meters of syngas per day. The produced syngas was used as fuel in the Angren Power Station.[4]

Controversy

In Australia in 2014 the Queensland Government filed charges over alleged serious environmental harm stemming from Chinchilla Facility.[27] Linc Energy reported that these charges are not material to the company's finances or operations and that it would staunchly defend allegations.[28]

In April 2018, Linc Energy was found guilty of causing serious environmental harm and the following month was fined $4.5 million. The court was told that groundwater underneath its plant in Hopeland, will take 20 years to recover from the leakage of toxic chemicals, such as BTEX.[29][30] It was also alleged by a whistle blower, that the government ignored warnings and put the company's profits above the environment.[31]

gollark: The interior picture does make it look bigger.
gollark: Is it meant to be (hemi)*spherical* or something?
gollark: Sometimes people are just bad. Like when they go "OH NO AN ERROR I will now proceed to wallow in helplessness and ignore anything it says".
gollark: Programming is useful and important. Though I do wish people had more BASIC COMPUTER USAGE KNOWLEDGE ÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆ.
gollark: > someone keeps tapping into my PC with donglesWhat do you mean?

See also

References
  1. "Linc Energy Ltd". Standard & Poor's. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 8 August 2009.
  2. McElligott, Suzanne (December 2006). "Australia's Linc Energy Signs up Russian Help for UGC Project, Ergo Energy Terminates Linc Relationship". Gasification News. Retrieved 6 August 2009.
  3. "Linc pilot flows first GTL fuel". Upstream Online. NHST Media Group. 14 October 2008. Retrieved 6 August 2009.
  4. "Linc Energy Limited (ASX:LNC) Technology Update On Chinchilla Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) Operations" (Press release). Linc Energy. 10 March 2009. Retrieved 8 August 2009 – via ABN Newswire.
  5. "Linc Energy to merge with SAPEX". Australian Associated Press. The Sydney Morning Herald. 12 June 2008. Retrieved 6 August 2009.
  6. "Linc Energy Limited (ASX:LNC) Makes Strategic US Coal Acquisition Of Gas Tech Inc". ABN Newswire. Asia Business News Ltd. 3 December 2008. Retrieved 6 August 2009.
  7. Fayen Wong (23 June 2009). "Australia's Linc hires UBS for coal asset sales". Reuters. Retrieved 6 August 2009.
  8. Sharples, Ben; Katakey, Rakteem (3 August 2010). "Adani Agrees to Buy Linc Energy's Australian Coal Asset for A$3 Billion". Bloomberg. Retrieved 13 March 2012.
  9. "AFC Energy raises new cash but parts with MD". International Business Times. 27 May 2011. Archived from the original on 21 April 2013. Retrieved 29 September 2012.
  10. "AFC deploys operational alkaline fuel cell with Linc Energy in Australia". Renewable Energy Focus. Elsevier. 30 June 2010. Retrieved 29 September 2012.
  11. "Linc's $124 Million Deal Highlights Clean Coal's Eastern Promise". ABN Newswire. Dow Jones & Company. 16 April 2012. Retrieved 17 April 2012.
  12. England, Cameron (24 January 2013). "$20 trillion shale oil find surrounding Coober Pedy 'can fuel Australia'". Herald Sun. Retrieved 23 January 2013.
  13. Jacques, Owen (4 October 2013). "Linc Energy has bought Blair Athol Mine for $1". Daily Mercury. The Mackay Printing and Publishing Company. Retrieved 25 April 2014.
  14. Dodson, Sam (15 July 2014). "Underground coal gasification project in Poland clears hurdle". Palladian Publications. World Coal. Archived from the original on 29 July 2014. Retrieved 29 July 2014.
  15. "Australia: Linc Energy to commence drilling 103 Billion BOE Arckaringa Basin in South Australia". energy-pedia news. 3 July 2014. Retrieved 29 July 2014.
  16. http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-04-15/linc-energy-goes-into-voluntary-administration/7331154
  17. https://www.ppbadvisory.com/creditor-information/v/427/linc-energy-ltd
  18. http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-05-13/administrators-of-linc-energy-recommend-the-company-liquidated/7414126
  19. http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-05-23/linc-energy-to-go-into-liquidation-creditors-vote/7437382
  20. "Linc gears up for Chinchilla GTL". Upstream Online. NHST Media Group. 28 November 2007. Retrieved 6 August 2009.
  21. "Linc powers up Surat Basin plant". The Chronicle. 8 March 2012. Retrieved 13 March 2012.
  22. "Linc set for Arckaringa scale up". Upstream Online. NHST Media Group. 19 November 2008. Retrieved 6 August 2009.
  23. "Linc Energy signs up Aker Solutions". Upstream Online. NHST Media Group. 5 August 2009. Retrieved 6 August 2009.
  24. Eduard Gismatullin (9 December 2008). "Linc Extends Diesel Option With BP From Australian GTL Plant". Bloomberg. Retrieved 8 August 2009.
  25. "POSCO, SK Energy to invest for coal conversion". Reuters. 24 July 2009. Retrieved 6 August 2009.
  26. "Linc Energy and DTEK Oil Gas Sign UCG Agreement". Morningstar Australasia. 7 December 2012. Retrieved 31 January 2012.
  27. http://www.governmentnews.com.au/2014/04/queensland-government-hits-underground-coal-gasification-player-linc-energy-environmental-damage-charges/
  28. http://www.rigzone.com/news/oil_gas/a/132612/Linc_Energy_Stands_Firm_in_Environmental_Dispute_with_Queensland_Government/?pgNum=1#sthash.k3X1Fplj.dpuf
  29. "Linc Energy found guilty of serious environmental harm at controversial UCG plant". ABC News. 9 April 2018.
  30. "Linc Energy fined $4.5 million for serious environmental harm at underground coal gasification plant". ABC News. 11 May 2018.
  31. Robertson, Josh (27 June 2019). "Whistleblower says CSG royalties trumping toxic contamination risk". ABC News. Retrieved 26 June 2019.
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